共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 538 毫秒
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光纤传感技术未来地震监测的发展方向 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用光纤传感器进行地震前兆观测是一种独具优势的地震监测新手段。 光纤传感器具有高精度、 抗电磁干扰、 不存在零漂、 易于组网以及适于长距离传输等一系列独特优势, 可以解决地震前兆观测中电学测量仪器存在的固有问题。 介绍了几类常用光纤传感器的工作原理及特点, 综述了光纤传感器在地壳形变观测和地震波探测两个应用领域国内外的研究进展, 并指出了目前需要解决的问题。 研制了一套基于光纤传感器的钻孔应变、 地震波和地温同时测量的多参量钻孔综合地震观测设备, 现场实验表明, 该光纤综合钻孔地震观测设备适应地震前兆观测中对抗环境干扰能力、 测量精度、 稳定性等方面的性能要求, 具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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利用光纤光栅对温度和应力应变的敏感效应制成的传感器可以将温度、压力、应力、应变等物理量转换成光学量（波长）,由此所构成的测量系统具有极高的稳定性,不存在零点漂移,抗干扰能力强等一系列优点.不足的是光纤光栅传感器本身灵敏度不够高,在许多场合其测量分辨率不能满足要求,特别是作为地震前兆观测的主要测量手段——应力应变测量精度要求较高.本文提出一种技术思路,即通过增敏装置来提高系统测量分辨率,理论上可以将应力应变的测量分辨率提高到10-9至10-10量级,可以满足高精度应力应变测量的指标要求. 相似文献
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光纤光栅传感器(FBG)具有抗电磁干扰、结构简单、测量精度高、长期稳定性好,可以实现实时、在线监测等优点,在传感器领域中得到了广泛的应用。对自行开发的管式光纤光栅应变传感器进行了混凝土梁纯弯标定实验;利用光纤光栅传感器检测了混凝土结构内部的应变变化;应用该种传感器,对在白噪声、正弦波、随机波三种动力荷载作用下碾压仿真混凝土大坝坝段模型结构各个工况下的应变进行分析。结果表明:自行开发的管式光纤光栅传感器应变测量值与电阻应变片测量值符合很好;成功监测了碾压仿真混凝土大坝坝段模型在动荷载作用下的弹性应变和启裂应变,为大坝结构在地震作用下的健康状况分析提供可靠依据。 相似文献
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分布式光纤声波传感器(Distributed Acoustic Sensing,DAS)是近年来兴起的超密集地震观测系统,具有一系列观测密度高、观测成本低、耐受恶劣环境等优势,在油气行业得到了广泛应用,也引起了天然地震学界的关注.本文简要回顾了DAS系统的测量原理、发展历程、技术方案、介绍了测量原理及其响应特性,然后围绕多个观测实验,介绍浅部结构成像、深部结构探测和地震监测三个方向的典型应用实例,最后讨论了DAS系统在天然地震学研究中应用面临的挑战和发展趋势. 相似文献
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地震断层气监测的现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
断层气测量是地震科学研究的重要方法之一，断层气测量具有实用、轻便、快便、价廉等优点，在地震监测预报和减灾活动中具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的潜力。本文对断层气测量在地震科学中的应用和现状作了简要的介绍，同时探讨了我国地震断层气监测系统中存在的一些主要问题，对今后的发展进行了展望。最后简单介绍了几种断层气监测新技术及新型气敏传感器。 相似文献
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光纤光栅作为新型传感元件,因为其具有抗电磁干扰和分布式测量等电学传感器无法比拟的优点,正在被广泛的研究.为了实现替代现有的高精度电学温度传感器的目的,可以尝试利用光纤光栅对温度和应变共同敏感的特性,制作高灵敏度光纤光栅温度传感器.尽管已经出现了对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的报到,但是,很少有针对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器稳定性的研究.在实验室环境下,我们对高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的稳定性进行了测试.我们制作了一款高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器,将其与普通光纤光栅温度传感器和电学石英温度传感器共同置于盛满水的不锈钢容器中,观测室温变化.通过对它们两周的观测结果进行对比,我们发现:尽管与普通光纤光栅温度传感器的结果相比,高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器的观测结果与石英温度传感器的结果更一致;但是,高灵敏光纤光栅温度传感器出现了微小漂移.因为该漂移出现在进一步拉伸光纤光栅的过程中,所以它很可能是由于光纤光栅的固定点出现了微小滑动造成的.这为光纤光栅在高精度温度测量领域的应用作了有益尝试. 相似文献
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合成孔径雷达是利用搭载在人造卫星和飞机上的传感器对观测物进行了远程测量的一种遥测技术。利用该技术可以以１ｃｍ的高精度搞精地宙运动面的分布，以观测的面密度也很高，通常在１０ｋｍ×１００ｋｍ的区域内，计测边长１００ｍ网格格点的地壳运动。 相似文献
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Ricardo M. Llamas Roberto Bonifaz Mauro Valdés David Riveros-Rosas Amando LeyvaContreras 《Geofísica Internacional》2013,52(4):321-341
The purpose of this paper was to study aerosol particles in the Northwestern region of Mexico (NWM) through Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) parameter in the atmosphere. This parameter represents one of the extinction coefficients of solar radiation and the rate of suspended particles in the atmosphere. For determination of AOT, we considered the use of remote sensors outside of the atmosphere. In particular, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) which can measure the atmospheric AOT thickness. Data from the MODIS sensor must be validated before they are considered reliable. For this task, we required surface measurements to obtain a correlation with the data acquired with the remote radiometer. The paper describes the validation process performed for data obtained with MODIS through measurements provided by an AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) photometer located in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, NWM. Additionally, we carried out a temporal analysis based on the behavior of the AOT graphics and spatial analysis supported in maps with sufficient information. 相似文献
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The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty prescribes the use of seismic stations and arrays as the main measure for verification of Treaty compliance. Since the inception of the Treaty, a vast amount of open source earth observation satellite data has become available. This paper investigates the potential for combining seismic and satellite data for more effective monitoring and response. With data acquired before, during and after the alleged North Korean underground nuclear test on October 9, 2006, wide area change detection techniques using medium resolution optical/infrared satellite sensors are combined with localized high-resolution imagery to attempt to pinpoint the test location within the area identified by the seismic measurements. Problems associated with the timeliness, degree of coverage and ambiguity of the remote sensing data are pointed out, however it is generally concluded that their integration into the CTBT regime would valuably complement the existing seismic observation network. 相似文献
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边坡变形的分布式光纤监测试验研究及实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
布里渊光时域反射计（BOTDR）是一项新型光电传感仪器,可对沿光纤的轴向应变进行分布式监测。该技术采用光纤作为传感和传输介质,具有良好的抗干扰、长距离、可植入性和分布式监测等特点。本文总结了近几年来分布式光纤在边坡工程中监测的工程实践和试验研究结果。实践表明,将光纤传感器铺设在加固边坡的锚杆和框架梁中,在加固边坡的同时进行安全监测,可以取得良好的效果;而将光纤直接铺设在边坡浅层土体中进行监测,可以及时对边坡安全提供预警,但往往不利于长期监测。本文还介绍了将光纤传感器布设在用于加固边坡的土工织物中进行安全监测的室内试验研究。实验证明,不同的光纤类型、布设方法、土工织物性能等都会对监测结果产生影响。最后分析了分布式光纤监测在岩土工程监测中的应用前景,以及今后研究的关键技术问题。 相似文献
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Potential for satellite remote sensing of ground water 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Becker MW 《Ground water》2006,44(2):306-318
Predicting hydrologic behavior at regional scales requires heterogeneous data that are often prohibitively expensive to acquire on the ground. As a result, satellite-based remote sensing has become a powerful tool for surface hydrology. Subsurface hydrology has yet to realize the benefits of remote sensing, even though surface expressions of ground water can be monitored from space. Remotely sensed indicators of ground water may provide important data where practical alternatives are not available. The potential for remote sensing of ground water is explored here in the context of active and planned satellite-based sensors. Satellite technology is reviewed with respect to its ability to measure ground water potential, storage, and fluxes. It is argued here that satellite data can be used if ancillary analysis is used to infer ground water behavior from surface expressions. Remotely sensed data are most useful where they are combined with numerical modeling, geographic information systems, and ground-based information. 相似文献
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Albert Rango 《水文研究》1993,7(2):121-138
In the last 20 years remote sensing research has led to significant progress in monitoring and measuring certain snow hydrology processes. Snow distribution in a drainage basin can be adequately assessed by visible sensors. Although there are still some interpretation problems, the NOAA-AVHRR sensor can provide frequent views of the areal snow cover in a basin, and snow cover maps are produced operationally by the National Weather Service on about 3000 drainage basins in North America. Measurement of snow accumulation or snow water equivalent with microwave remote sensing has great potential because of the capabilities for depth penetration, all-weather observation and night-time viewing. Several critical areas of research remain, namely, the acquisition of snow grain size information for input to microwave models and improvement in passive microwave resolution from space. Methods that combine both airborne gamma ray and visible satellite remote sensing of the snowpack with field measurements also hold promise for determining areal snow water equivalent. Some remote sensing techniques can also be used to detect different stages of snow metamorphism. Various aspects of snowpack ripening can be detected using microwave and thermal infra-red capabilities. The capabilities for measurement of snow albedo and surface temperature have direct application in both snow metamorphism and snowpack energy balance studies. The potentially most profitable research area here is the study of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function to improve snow albedo measurements. Most of the remote sensing capabilities in snow hydrology have been developed for improving snowmelt-run-off forecasting. Most applications have used the input of snow cover extent to deterministic models, both of the degree day and energy balance types. Snowmelt-run-off forecasts using satellite derived snow cover depletion curves and the models have been successfully made. As the extraction of additional snow cover characteristics becomes possible, remote sensing will have an even greater impact on snow hydrology. Important remote sensing capabilities will become available in the next 20 years through space platform observing systems that will improve our capability to observe the snowpack on an operational basis. 相似文献
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Optical sensors are promising for collecting high resolution in‐well groundwater nitrate monitoring data. Traditional well purging methods are labor intensive, can disturb ambient conditions and yield an unknown blend of groundwater in the samples collected, and obtain samples at a limited temporal resolution (i.e., monthly or seasonally). This study evaluated the Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA) for in‐well nitrate monitoring through new applications in shallow overburden and fractured bedrock environments. Results indicated that SUNA nitrate‐N concentration measurements during flow cell testing were strongly correlated (R 2 = 0.99) to purged sample concentrations. Vertical profiling of the water column identified distinct zones having different nitrate‐N concentrations in conventional long‐screened overburden wells and open bedrock boreholes. Real‐time remote monitoring revealed dynamic responses in nitrate‐N concentrations following recharge events. The monitoring platform significantly reduced labor requirements for the large amount of data produced. Practitioners should consider using optical sensors for real‐time monitoring if nitrate concentrations are expected to change rapidly, or if a site's physical constraints make traditional sampling programs challenging. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying the SUNA in shallow overburden and fractured bedrock environments to obtain reliable data, identifies operational challenges encountered, and discusses the range of insights available to groundwater professionals so they will seek to gather high resolution in‐well monitoring data wherever possible. 相似文献
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近年来随着地面与空间的遥测遥感通信技术,特别是随之衍生而来的海底光纤电缆技术的发展,海洋学者可以从海底回头向上观测整个海洋世界,对深入海底做近距离和全天候监测海洋信息变为可能。近年来许多国家正在逐步策划和建设以海啸减灾为目的,以海底电缆为主轴、海底地震监测为核心内容的海底观测网络。本文分别针对美国、加拿大、欧洲、日本以及中国多种典型海底观测网的主要观测技术进行分析,提出发展中国海底地震监测网络的建议。 相似文献
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE ACTIVE TECTONICS RESEARCH 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Remote sensing technology has brought great convenience to our understanding of the macroscopic geological features since its inception. Especially, great progress has been made in manufacturing techniques of remote sensing platforms and sensors since the mid 20th century, and a huge number of global remote sensing data have been acquired. The quality of the data has been greatly improved based on the sensor's development. This article briefly reviews the processes of development of the remote sensing technology, elaborates on several satellites' parameters which have important significance for active tectonics interpretation, such as Landsat, SPOT, QuickBird, etc., and systematically reviews the progress in optical image interpretation made with the improvement of image resolution. The paper also briefly introduces the latest optical imaging correlation techniques, the detailed geomorphological mapping techniques based high-resolution satellite images, and the perspective of application of the remote sensing technology to active tectonics research. 相似文献