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1.
The compression wavefield is efficiently converted to shear-wave energy at post-critical angles in areas of high impedance contrast at the sea floor. We have analysed mode-converted shear waves in a data set acquired with a hybrid marine/land geometry in Isfjorden, Svalbard. Through a kinematic 2D ray-tracing modellingV
p/Vs ratios for part of the uppermost 5km of the crust are obtained. Low values (V
p
/V
s
=1.65) are tentatively associated with the section of Devonian sandstones which appears to attain a minimum thickness of 1.5km below 3 km depth about 10km west of Kapp Thorden. 相似文献
2.
In this paper, we give a brief introduction to the proposal and development history of the earthquake magnitude concept. Moment magnitude MW is the best physical quantity for measuring earthquakes. Compared with other magnitude scales used traditionally, moment magnitude is not saturated for all earthquakes, regardless of big and small earthquakes, deep and shallow earthquakes, far field and near field seismic data, geodetic and geological data, moment magnitude can be measured, and can be connected with well-known magnitude scales such as surface wave magnitude MS. Moment magnitude is a uniform magnitude scale, which is suitable for statistics with wide magnitude range. Moment magnitude is the preferred magnitude selected by the International Seismological community, and it is preferred by the departments responsible for publishing seismic information to the public.Moment magnitude is a uniform magnitude scale, which is suitable for statistics with wide magnitude range. Moment magnitude is a preferred magnitude for international seismology, it is preferred by the agency responsible for providing information about earthquakes to the public. We provide all formulas used in the calculation of moment magnitude, and the calculation steps in detail. We also analyzed some problems and rules to solve these problems by using different formulas and numerical value calculation steps. 相似文献
3.
The New Magnitude National Standard of General Rules for Earthquake Magnitude( GB17740-2017) is the state mandatory standard. It was released on May 12,2017,by the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of the Peoples Republic of China. This paper introduces the necessity of revising the national standard of magnitude,and the main contents,technical points and primary features of the new national standard of magnitude,so that it can be applied better in practice. 相似文献
4.
12002年12月14日玉门MS5.9地震发震时间:21∶27′27″;经纬度:39.8°N,97.3°E;深度:33km;震级:MS5.9。收集了全省及邻近省份共同31个台站初动后作出震源机制解(表1,图1)。表1 玉门MS5.9地震震源参数节面A节面BP轴T轴N轴矛盾比/%走向倾角滑动角走向倾角滑动角方位角仰角方位角仰角方位角仰角147°26°35°24°75°111°277°27°140°55°18°21°0.09722003年10月25日民乐-山丹MS6.1地震发震时间:20∶41′36.4″;经纬度:38.33°N,100.95°E;深度:12km;震级:MS6.1。收集了全省21个台站初动后作出震源机制解(表2,图2)。表2 民乐-山… 相似文献
5.
6.
以青海、新疆、西藏地区为研究区域,系统研究总结了该区域2010—2020年5.0级以上地震前Wq值的时空演化特征,并以2020年新疆于田6.4级和西藏尼玛6.6级地震为实例进行阐述。得出以下三点认识:①地震一般发生在Wq值异常扩展时段或扩展—减小时段,6.0级以上Wq值异常的震例中,约81%发生于异常出现后的9个月内;②地震一般位于Wq值异常面积扩展区或扩展—减小恢复区附近,近70%的震例发生在Wq值异常区内;③建立了震级与Wq值异常区面积间的正相关统计模型,二者的相关系数(R)为0.85,为预测青海、新疆和西藏地区地震的强度提供了定量关系。青海、新疆和西藏地区Wq值方法对6.0～6.9级地震的预测效果(Wq值异常的地震报准率为61%)优于5.0～5.9级地震(Wq值异常的地震报准率为26%),为我国地球物理观测程度较低地区开展强震中短期(1年内)预测提供了参考依据。 相似文献
7.
Bian Yin-ju 《地震学报(英文版)》2005,18(4):441-450
We try to give a quantitative and global discrimination function by studying m
b/M
S data using Fisher method that is a kind of pattern recognition methods. The reliability of the function is also analyzed.
The results show that this criterion works well and has a global feature, which can be used as first-level filtering criterions
in event identification. The quantitative and linear discrimination function makes it possible to identify events automatically
and achieve the goal to react the events quickly and effectively.
Contribution No.05FE3018, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administrtion. 相似文献
8.
A tomographic study of the V
p and V
p/V
s structures in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Taiwan region of China is conducted by simultaneous inversion of P and
S arrival times. Compared with the previous tomographic results, the spherical finite difference technique is suitable for
the strong heterogeneous velocity structure, and may improve the accuracy in the travel time and three-dimensional ray tracing
calculations. The V
p and V
p/V
s structures derived from joint inversion and the relocated earthquakes can provide better constraints for analyzing the lateral
heterogeneity and deep tectonic characters in the crust and upper mantle. Our tomographic results reveal significant relations
between the seismic wavespeed structure and the tectonic characters. In the shallow depth, sedimentary basins and orogen show
distinct wavespeed anomalies, with low V
p, high V
p/V
s in basins and high V
p, low V
p/V
s in orogen. As the suture zone of Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, Longitudinal Valley is characterized by a significant
high V
p/V
s anomaly extending to the middle-lower crust and upper mantle, which reflects the impact of rock cracking, partial melting,
and the presence of fluids. In the northeast Taiwan, the V
p, V
p/V
s anomalies and relocated earthquakes depict the subducting Philippine Sea Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The high V
p of oceanic plate and the low V
p, high V
p/V
s atop the subducted oceanic plate extend to 80 km depth. Along the east-west profiles, the thickness of crust reaches 60 km
at the east of Central Range with eastward dipping trend, which reveals the eastward subduction of the thickened and deformed
crust of the Eurasian continental plate.
Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-234-2), National Basic Research
Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB411701), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA09A101-0201)
and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40804016, 40704013) 相似文献
9.
内蒙古地震台网近震震级与面波震级间转换关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用内蒙古及周边2008~2015年11月116次M_L≥3.8地震资料,重新测定近震震级M_L、面波震级M_S,基于1范数线性回归(SR1和SR2)和2范数正交回归(OR)方法建立M_L与M_S间的转换关系。同时,对每个点采用高斯随机扰动后发现,高斯扰动前后近震震级与面波震级间的转换关系变化不大。结果显示,正交回归方法(OR)得到的曲线,均方根误差最小,为最佳拟合曲线,转换关系式为M_(S,内蒙)=0.96M_L-0.10。郭履灿震级转换关系M_S=1.13M_L-1.08与本文得到的转换关系存在明显系统偏差,这可能是由于区域构造特征差异所致。M_(S,内蒙)值明显大于M_(S,经验)值,平均差值为0.23,建议使用重新矫正的M_L与M_S转换关系式,M_(S,经验)与M_(S,内蒙)差值数量分布情况显示,差值为0.2~0.3的地震数量最多。 相似文献
10.
Using 116 earthquakes over M_L3.8 in the Inner Mongolia region from 2008 to 2015, the local earthquake magnitude M_L and surface wave magnitude M_S are remeasured. Based on norm linear regression(SR1 and SR2) and norm(OR) orthogonal regression method, we established the conversion relationship between M_L and M_S. The results were tested with Gaussian disturbance. The result shows that the orthogonal regression method(OR) result has the best fitting curve, and the conversion relation is M_S=0.96 M_L-0.10. The difference between our result and Guo Lücan's(M_S=1.13 M_L-1.08) may be caused by regional tectonic characteristics. M_(S Inner Mongolia) value is significantly higher than the M_(S empirical) value, with an average difference of 0.23, the difference distribution of empirical relation and the rectified relation is in the range of 0.2-0.3. 相似文献
11.
Allison L. Bent 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,146(1):5-20
The Timiskaming earthquake, which occurred near the Quebec-Ontario border at the northwest end of the Western Quebec seismic zone in 1935, is one of the five largest instrumentally recorded southeastern Canadian earthquakes. Previous studies of this earthquake concentrated on modeling teismograms recorded at regional distances, a better constrained focal mechanism is obtained. The waveforms indicate thrust faulting on a moderately dipping northwest striking plane at a depth of 10 km. TheM
w
of 6.1 determined in this study is in good agreement with previous magnitude estimates (m
b
6.1,M
s
6.0, andm
bLg
6.2–6.3). The focal mechanism is similar to those of many recent small to moderate earthquakes in the region, and the inferred (from theP axis) acting stress of northeast compression is consistent with the overall eastern North American stress field. The Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley in which the earthquake occurred, comprises several northwest striking faults consistent with the strike of the 1935 event. Thus, the 1935 earthquake appears to be a result of faulting on the reactivated Timiskaming graben. 相似文献
12.
Susan Solomon Harold S. Johnston Marta Kowalczyk Ivan Wilson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,118(1):58-85
The catalytic destruction of stratospheric ozone by the oxides of nitrogen is believed to be an important part of the global ozone balance. The lack of sufficient measurements of NO
x
concentrations has impeded efforts to quantify this process. Recent measurements of stratospheric nitrogen dioxide from ground-based stations as well as aircraft and balloons have provided a first approximation to a global distribution of NO2 vertical columns at sunset. These observed vertical columns have been translated into time-dependent vertical NO2 profiles by means of a one-dimensional atmospheric photochemical model. Using recent observations of air temperature and ozone along with this information, the independent instantaneous (one second) rates of ozone production from oxygen photolysis P(O3), of ozone destruction from pure oxygen species (Chapman reactions) L(O
x
), and of ozone destruction by nitrogen oxides L(NO
x
) were estimated over the three-dimensional atmosphere. These quantities are displayed as zonal average contour maps, summed over various latitude zones, summed over various altitude bands, and integrated globally between 15 and 45 km. Although the global summation between 15 and 45 km by no means tells the complete story, these numbers are of some interest, and the relative values are: P(O3), 100; L(O
x
), 15; L(NO
x
), 45±15. It is to be emphasized that this relative NO
x
contribution to the integrated ozone balance is not a measure of the sensitivity of ozone to possible perturbations of stratospheric NO
x
; recent model results must be examined for current estimates of this sensitivity. 相似文献
13.
Attenuation of Coda Waves at the Changbaishan Tianchi Volcanic Area in Northeast China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
21 earthquakes recorded by a temporary seismic network in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic area in Northeast China operated
during the summer of 2002 and 2003 were analyzed to estimate the S coda attenuation. The attenuation quality factor Qc was estimated using the single scattering attenuation model of Sato (1977) in the frequency band from 4 to 24 Hz. All the
events studied in this paper occurred at depths from 2 to 6 km with ML of 1.4–2.8. The epicentral distances are less than
25 km. For all events which occurred near the Tianchi Lake (caldera), the Qc patterns obtained at the stations near the lake are similar, and the Qc values are relatively small. At the stations located about 15 km east of the Tianchi Lake, however, the average Qc is significantly higher. For an event which occurred 25km from the lake to the west, Qc patterns derived at the stations near the lake are quite similar to the above mentioned Qc for stations located in the east. Further study shows that Qc value in the north and central areas of the volcano is relatively lower than that in the surrounding area. Compared to other
volcanic areas in the world, the average Qc of the Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic area is obviously lower. The deep seismic sounding and teleseismic receiver function
studies indicated more than one lower velocity layer in the crust. The MT studies suggested the presence of high conductive
bodies beneath the area. We interpret the strong attenuation of coda waves near the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano as being
possibly related to high temperature medium caused by shallow magma chambers. 相似文献
14.
15.
The method of reconstructing a phase space with higher dimensions can be applied to analysing the observaiton data for studying
the dynamic behavior of seismic processes and earthquake prediction. It is found that seismic processes are chaotic. So earthquakes
could be determinately predicted only within the predictable period. Here, some related problems (e.g. several primary parameters
and the relations among them, the relation between the quality of used data and analytical results, the relation between a
reductive process of the fractal dimensions and earthquake prediction and so on) are discussed.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 470–476, 1993.
This study was sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation under Contract NO. 9000007. 相似文献
16.
基于新10井水位对九寨沟M_S7.0、精河M_S6.6地震的同震响应特征,分别利用水震波和潮汐分析法,反演得到了新10井水位在地震波作用期间和地震波作用前后含水层参数特征,探讨了2次地震引起的新10井同震响应变化机理。结果表明,新10井水位对九寨沟地震和精河地震具有不同的同震响应形态,利用水平流模型反演所得的新10井含水层渗透系数,在九寨沟地震时为61m/d,而在精河地震时为147m/d,表明地震波作用导致水平向的渗透性增强;利用垂向流模型反演得到的新10井含水层渗透系数,在2次地震之前约为49×10~(-5)m/d,而在地震之后约为18×10~(-5)m/d,表明地震波作用导致垂直向的渗透性减弱。因此,新10井水位的同震响应变化与地震波引起的含水层渗透率的改变有关。 相似文献
17.
2021年5月22日青海省玛多县发生M_S7.4地震,数小时后在距离震中两百多公里的甘肃玛曲县发生了M_S4.4地震。利用甘肃、青海和四川区域测震台网记录的三分向宽频带数字波形资料,反演甘肃玛曲M_S4.4地震的震源机制解,结果显示此次地震活动面走向、倾角和滑动角分别为105.6°、74.1°和-38.7°。参考玛多M_S7.4地震的震源机制解,发现两次地震震源机制解具有较好的一致性,均呈现明显的左旋走滑特征。静态库伦破裂应力改变量分布计算结果表明,玛曲M_S4.4地震震中位置单位面积(m~2)受到来自玛多地震震中方向的拉应力约为0.02 MPa。综合两次地震的震中距、发震时刻和断层分布等情况,初步判断甘肃玛曲M_S4.4地震应为青海玛多M_S7.4强震的一次触发地震。 相似文献
18.
利用全国统一目录和流动台站目录,研究了四川盆地东南部长宁地区的地震活动特征和b值的空间分布特征。研究结果显示,长宁地区的地震活动在时间上呈现明显的分段特征,地震活动在2015年后明显增强;在空间上,长宁地区的地震活动主要集中在以28.3°N为界限的南、北2个地区,对于这2个区域的b值演化,计算结果显示出不同的分段特征。此外,研究了不同震中距下,长宁地区2018年兴文5.7级、2019年珙县5.3级和2019年长宁6.0级3次主要地震事件震前与震后的b值演化,结果表明统计范围会显著影响b值的变化特征,当计算范围为20km时,3次主震震前短期内均出现了低于背景b值90%的低b值异常,这表明在地震目录相对完备的情况下,利用低b值异常分析区域地震危险性,应采用较小范围的地震数据。 相似文献
19.
Significant anomalies were observed at the geomagnetic stations in the southwest region of China before the Yingjiang MS6.1 earthquake and the Ludian MS6.5 earthquake in 2014. We processed the geomagnetic vertical component diurnal variation data by the spatial correlation method. The results show that during the period from April 1 to May 20, 2014,there existed quasi-synchronous decrease changes in the coefficient curves between the five geomagnetic stations of Guiyang,Hechi,Nanshan,Muli,Yongning and Xinyi and Hongshan stations.Furthermore,there was a high gradient zone in the normalized correlation coefficient contour map with background values removed. The epicenters of the Yingjiang MS6.1 earthquake and the Ludian MS6.5 earthquake are located in the gradient zone or near the gradient zone. 相似文献
20.
选取云南地震台网记录的地震波形资料,通过基于遗传算法的Atkinson方法分别计算云南3个区域的介质品质因子Q_0值。根据云南地区地震波衰减的区域性差异,通过震级偏差统计分析了47个台站的单台M_L震级偏差情况。结果显示:云南属于低Q_0值地区,区域性差异明显。位于云南西部区域1的Q_0值相对较高,为251. 3;东部的区域3的Q_0值次之,为216. 9;中部的区域2的Q_0值最低,为102. 6。Q_0值越小的地区,S波衰减程度越大,单台震级偏小于台网平均震级的台站也就越多。同一地区的台站在测定相同区域内的地震时,虽然地震波非弹性衰减程度相近,但由于受到各台站场地不同增益作用的影响,其单台震级偏差情况有所不同。 相似文献