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通过研究不同来源地震灾情数据汇集处理过程中的数据清洗技术,利用数据挖掘中基于规则引擎与空间聚类分析相结合的方法检测多源灾情数据存在的错误、不完整和重复等问题并进行修正,提高灾情数据质量。以清洗后的灾情数据为基础,运用Arc GIS空间插值对离散灾情点进行总体分析和模拟,从而快速反映并确定地震灾情的总体分布情况,为地震应急救灾工作提供更可靠、形象的灾情分布信息。文中以四川省地震灾情快速上报接收处理系统在四川省芦山"4·20"7.0级强烈地震中,通过多种灾情获取手段获取到的包括主观震感、客观震感、房屋破坏、交通系统破坏等共1330条灾情信息为例进行处理和分析,共检测出不合理灾情数据717条,其中剔除696条,修正21条,清洗后的灾情数据空间分布和模拟结果与实际考察形成的烈度圈吻合度良好。 相似文献
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基于地质统计方法与DEM的地震灾情空间插值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
历次破坏性地震的震害调查和强震观测资料显示, 地形地貌对地震灾害有着显著的影响. 地震发生后, 为了能够及时、 准确地为地震救灾指挥提供灾情分布信息, 该文借鉴了地质统计学方法, 利用灾情速报人员上报的地震现场离散点灾情短信对灾区进行灾情空间模拟的同时, 将数学高程模型(DEM)中所包含的高程、 坡度等地形地貌信息作为影响因素引入协克里金(Co-Kriging)插值; 并以汶川MS8.0地震灾情短信数据为例, 分别对确定性插值、 地质统计学插值结果与有无考虑坡度因素的地质统计学插值结果进行了交叉检验. 结果表明, 考虑坡度影响因素的协克里金插值在合适的模型和参数下取得了最优的灾情模拟效果. 该方法为地震应急期间进行较高精度的灾情模拟提供了一种新的可行思路. 相似文献
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针对目前地震灾情信息普遍存在的质量问题,根据灾情数据的属性逻辑,采用逻辑分离的清洗框架中基于规则引擎的数据清洗方法进行初步清洗;再从灾情数据的空间逻辑关系出发,通过聚类分析进一步修正数据中存在的错误,弥补基于逻辑分离的清洗框架在孤立点异常检测方面的不足。基于上述规则引擎与空间聚类相结合的清洗技术,设计并实现了一种考虑属性和空间逻辑的地震灾情数据清洗器,并应用于2017年"8·8"九寨沟7.0级地震,分析四川省地震灾情快速上报接收处理系统接收到的客观震感灾情信息。结果表明:地震灾情数据清洗器可快速检测并修正异常的灾情信息,有效提高接收到的灾情数据质量。 相似文献
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为了提高地震现场灾情调查效率,增强灾情调查点选取的科学性和合理性,确保地震现场灾情调查快速、高效开展.在充分考虑地震现场灾情调查任务的紧迫性和时效性的同时,结合地震现场调查区域大、灾情调查任务紧、人员有限等特点,通过采用 GIS空间分析功能,在前期预评估理论影响场以及灾害损失等资料的基础上,对基础地理数据进行时空分析,研究制定基于 GIS的地震现场灾情调查点选取方案.结果表明:合理正确的地震现场灾情调查方法,可以帮助现场灾情调查人员快速、科学的开展灾情调查工作从而大大提高现场灾情调查的效率,为地震烈度图制作和灾害损失评估报告编写提供充裕的时间保障. 相似文献
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《华北地震科学》2015,(3)
地震烈度分布信息是进行科学救灾的依据,目前常用的烈度判定方法尚不能很好地兼顾准确性和效率。近年来,地震灾情信息快速获取手段的不断丰富,使得短时间内快速获取海量地震灾情信息成为可能。根据地震烈度标准和现场调查规范,采用信息融合技术将这些迅速汇集的多源地震灾情信息形成有机整体,据此快速判定地震烈度,可以有效地解决烈度判定的准确性与效率兼顾的问题。通过分析四川省地震灾情快速上报接收处理系统中灾情信息的内容和分级,建立多源地震灾情信息与烈度之间的对应关系,并以该系统在"4.20芦山7.0级强烈地震"中获取到的多源灾情信息为例,运用融合后的多源地震灾情信息进行烈度判定。结果显示,判定结果与实际科考烈度圈基本一致。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2017,(2)
提出了基于微博舆情信息的震后有感范围快速判定技术框架,构建了微博舆情数据的获取方法和技术流程。根据中国地震烈度表和地震现场工作调查规范,将微博特征词与地震灾情速判指标进行关联匹配,建立微博灾情信息分类指标体系,通过自然邻点空间插值方法将离散分布的微博灾情点转化为连续分布的灾情面,形成震后灾区有感范围的时空变化特征分布图,辅助灾情快速判定。以2014年景谷6.6级地震为例,进行探索和实践。结果表明:在震后1~2 h内,微博用户活跃度高,信息量大且丰富,对信息充分挖掘有助于对灾情的宏观把握,对救灾决策部署有一定的参考意义,弥补了传统获取技术时效性差、数据量少、覆盖面小等问题。 相似文献
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通过分析地震应急救援工作中对灾情信息的需求，提出了“地震应急灾情”的概念，设计了基于12322平台的江苏省地震应急灾情速报系统。本文详细介绍了该系统的设计框架、基本功能和应用效果。系统主要包括短信和微信两大模块，短信模块主要面向非地震系统人员，通过手机短信形式向社会灾情速报员发送灾情邀请短信，灾情速报员只需简单回复灾情代码“1”—“4”即可。微信模块主要面向地震系统工作人员，通过微信企业号“苏震12322”自动推送地震信息并完成灾情收集工作。经过近1年的试运行，系统能够在震后迅速完成灾情信息的收发与数据处理工作，并以“天地图”为地理底图实时直观地展示已上报的灾情信息。 相似文献
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DEVELOPMENT OF EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY DISASTER INFORMATION PRE-EVALUATION DATA BASED ON KM GRID 
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下载免费PDF全文 After an earthquake, earthquake emergency response and rescue is one of the effective ways to reduce casualties from the earthquake. Earthquake emergency disaster information is one of crucial factors to effectively guide the rescue work. However, there is a "black box effect" on the emergency disaster information acquisition after an earthquake, which means real-time earthquake disaster information is insufficient. Hazard estimates are usually used as a substitute for the real-time disaster information in the "black box" period. However, it is subject to the accuracy and speed of the estimation.
The development of the km grid technology provides good prospect to solve this problem. The paper suggests to develop earthquake disaster information pre-estimation data with the support of the km grid technology. The definition and source of the pre-estimation data are introduced and its possibility in improving the estimation speed and accuracy are analyzed theoretically.
Then, we elaborate the calculation model of the pre-estimation data. The framework of the model includes disaster-bearing body data, disaster-causing factors used in calculation and calculation formula. The disaster-bearing body data in km grid format are introduced, including population data in km grid format and building data in km grid format. Then the four elements of the earthquake(earthquake occurrence time, earthquake location, earthquake magnitude and focal depth)are selected as disaster-causing factors for calculation. Map algebra method is used to realize the calculation model in which calculation parameters are associated with base map in the km grid format. So the pre-estimation data are developed by python and ArcGIS, which includes building damage dataset(100 layers), death toll dataset(10 layers)and direct economic loss dataset(5 layers).
Finally, the pre-estimation data based method for earthquake emergency disaster information estimation is presented. With the support of this method, two real earthquake cases are used to validate the effect of the pre-estimation data. The validation results show the pre-estimation data can not only significantly improve the speed of the estimation but also greatly improve the accuracy of the estimation. Another good result is found in the validation process that with the support of the pre-estimation data, the estimated result can display the spatial distribution of the disaster information, which will effectively aid earthquake emergency response and rescues. 相似文献
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INVESTIGATION OF STATUS AND DEMAND ON PUBLIC SERVICE OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN CHINA 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In order to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the status and demands of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation, we launched an investigation with Social Opinion Polling Center of National Bureau of Statistics on the current situation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation and the demands for it in 2018. The investigation was conducted for 18~75-year-old residents for both urban and rural areas in 31 provinces of China mainland using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview(CATI)method and 20 078 valid samples were received in total. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: the current situation assessment and the demand survey. The assessment of public service status consists of five indicators: earthquake emergency drill, knowledge publicity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, acquisition of earthquake information, reliability of information released by earthquake agencies, and overall satisfaction. The results indicate that only 27.4% of public have participated the earthquake emergency drill, and 73.5% of public have learned some knowledge about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in different level. It shows that rural residents have a lower level of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation although the rural residents have a higher level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, 82.9% of the public are very concerned about earthquake-related information, and the earthquake information acquisition convenience score is 81.51 points(the full score is 100 points). At present, TV is still the most popular way to obtain the earthquake-related information, besides that, network and the new media app such as Wechat and Weibo play a more and more important role. In terms of the reliability of official information published by the earthquake administration, the score is 83.69 points which indicates that the public tend to believe in official departments. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction evaluation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation is marked 76.44 points which shows that there is still much room for improvement. The more educated the public, the less satisfied they are with the public service of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. The results also show that 51.81% of the public are willing to obtain earthquake warning information at their own expense. As for the demand, the most expectative services for the public are post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction, earthquake warning, and house earthquake resilience test. The results of the investigation may provide some reference for the government to provide better services of earthquake disaster mitigation and to make scientific knowledge popularization in a more scientific way. 相似文献
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本文研究了地震灾害的四大指标－频率、死亡、受灾人数、直接经济损失，分析了地震灾害在自然灾害中的比重，中国地震灾害的严重性，地震灾害与国民收入的关系。估计了未来地震灾害的发展趋势。 相似文献
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简要介绍了“海西州震害信息管理系统”的研建原理和功能,2003年4月17日德令哈6．6级地震时,“系统”在地方政府应急救灾决策方面发挥了显功效。 相似文献
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汶川M_S 8.0地震断层与地震灾害初步分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对于特大地震近断层地震场的空间分布的复杂性学术界一直很关注,由于样本地震数量和资料的不足,至今还没有非常清晰的结论。通过参加汶川MS8.0地震的应急科学考察,对震中区和高烈度区断层破裂带附近的地震灾害情况进行了现场调查。文中以典型事例为主线介绍了现场考察的结果,结合既往的研究成果和汶川地震的震源特性,分析讨论了地表破裂带、地震动以及建筑物震害之间的关系。结果表明:1)地震断层发生强变形和地表破裂对建筑物的损害现象非常明显,对具有大震级发震危险的断裂带,今后应该考虑进行一定宽度的破裂避让或采取针对性的必要措施。2)初步探讨了紧邻断裂带的建筑物没有倒塌的可能机理,第一,出现地表破裂的大部分区域为基岩或坚硬的场地,场地条件相对较好;第二,存在导致地表破裂的浅部有效应力降和破裂速率相对较低,导致了1s附近的地震动相对低下的可能性 相似文献
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我国防震减灾工作中的地震应急信息系统建设 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文描述了我国地震应急快速响应信息系统建设的有关内容,包括系统的目标、总体框架、内容和工作流程。该系统以全国地震计算机网络系统为支撑环境,以ＧＩＳ软件为应用开发平台,可以实现对破坏性地震的短临预测信息跟踪与处理,对大震速报信息进行快速响应,并可进行灾害损失快速评估、震后地震活动趋势判断、防震减灾应急对策信息服务、应急指挥综合信息显示等。该系统作为中国地震局“九五”重点项目正在建设之中。 相似文献