共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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从抗震防灾的角度对城市建成居住区评价的群决策方法进行了研究,建立了基于各不同评价角度相关群体对于候评区域的每个属性,依据自己的判断提出各自差异的个体决策信息,采用乘性加权集结算子构造群体决策矩阵,并判断群体决策矩阵与个体决策矩阵之间的相似度差异值,指导个体决策矩阵的修正,完成个体意见的一致化,得到了初始居住区规划方案评价群决策的计算模型。实例分析的结果表明,采用群决策评价的一致方法有利于提高多利益主体对居住规划方案评价群决策的综合满意度。 相似文献
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本文提出了一种城市给水管道综合防灾规划的决策方法,该方法利用综合灾害指标的计算来获得综合防灾规划的决策依据。在综合灾害指标的计算过程中,采用层次分析法,得到了10种灾害最终的评价权重;以地震地质灾害影响因素识别和地震地质灾害风险指标的计算为例,给出了潜在灾害的风险指标计算。最后以综合灾害指标为重要衡量标准,结合给水管道功能上的布局要求和系统的整体性要求,在烟台市开发区给水管道综合防灾规划中进行了实际应用,完成了给水管道的综合防灾规划。本文以期为我国其他城市的生命线工程综合防灾规划的编制提供借鉴。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2015,(4)
本文在引入模糊层次分析法(FAHP)和中心点三角白化权函数灰色评估模型的基础上,结合项目(国家地震社会服务工程-农居震害评价系统)建立区域砖混结构农居抗震性能评价指标体系,其中指标权重用FAHP法来确定,各指标的实际值根据项目实地调查数据确定,再结合FAHP和中心点三角白化权函数进行综合评价,确定所属灰类。最后将方法运用于区域A(西南地区)和区域B(东北地区)的砖混结构农居抗震性能评价,验证了该方法的可行性。又结合区域A、B实际震害结果,验证了方法的有效性。此法为以后农居抗震防灾工作的开展提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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当前新型乡村抗震防灾适宜性规划分析中通常采用地质分区方法对勘测点进行分析,在分析过程中忽略了GIS空间的复杂性,且未对评价指标加权分析,导致抗震适宜性评价指标量化过程过于主观,存在计算结果与实际结果拟合度低的问题。据此,提出基于ANSYS的新型乡村抗震防灾适宜性规划模型分析。考虑到GIS的空间复杂性,采用ANSYS在GIS空间进行有限元结构场修正操作,结合Logistic非线性回归模型,对乡村土地抗震防灾适宜性规划中的二分类变量数据进行非线性回归分析。为了防止计算数值过于主观,采用组合熵系数模型对Logistic方程计算得来的评价指标加权,由此完成基于ANSYS的新型乡村抗震防灾适宜性规划模型分析。经过实例分析证明,所提方法求出的计算结果与实际结果拟合度较高,能成功完成评价指标的量化,对乡村抗震防灾适宜性规划分析更加客观。 相似文献
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传统基于多Agent的电力系统抗震脆弱性评估模型,对电力系统抗震脆弱性实施分析时,未考虑节点权重的分配情况,评估效果不理想。因此,设计基于层次分析法的电力系统抗震脆弱性评估模型,基于电力系统节点服务类型和拓扑位置,构建抗震脆弱性评价指标的层次分析模型,基于该模型设置节点权值分配方案,依据该方案采用层次分析法获取风险综合指标,对节点脆弱性指标实施运算,采集不同状态下的各节点脆弱性权值并进行平均运算,获节点脆弱性指标值。基于节点脆弱性指标值,通过层次分析法实现电力系统抗震脆弱性评估。实验结果说明,所设计模型的抗震脆弱性评估结果精度和效率高。 相似文献
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以编制太原市《城市抗震防灾规划》的实践为例,探讨了编制城市抗震防灾规划的一些原则,认为减轻地震灾害损失需要全社会的一致努力,是政府义不容辞的责任,抗震防灾措施要建立在坚实的基础上,必须把提高.综合抗震能力与应急应变能力紧密结合起来,应增强抗震防灾意识,因地制宜,结合实际,突出本地特点等. 相似文献
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Integration of principal components analysis and cellular automata for spatial decisionmaking and urban simulation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper discusses the issues about the correlation of spatial variables during spatial decisionmaking using multicriteria
evaluation (MCE) and cellular automata (CA). The correlation of spatial variables can cause the malfunction of MCE. In urban
simulation, spatial factors often exhibit a high degree of correlation which is considered as an undesirable property for
MCE. This study uses principal components analysis (PCA) to remove data redundancy among a large set of spatial variables
and determine ‘ideal points’ for land development. PCA is integrated with cellular automata and geographical information systems
(GIS) for the simulation of idealized urban forms for planning purposes. 相似文献
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地震是具有毁坏性的自然灾害,对于震后严重受损的地区,设计合理的应急避难场所是非常必要的,为此提出基于微粒群算法对城乡应急避难场所规划的研究。将退火算法的微粒群理论与城乡地区应急避难场所规划相结合,在约束条件较多的情况下,将应急避难场所视为一个粒子,对应急避难场所规划创建目标函数,从而实现对城乡住区应急避难场所的规模规划设计;其次设计应急场所的内容与位置模型,集合城乡需求点布局的影响因素,修建不同的应急场所设施点,并以覆盖全部需求点为目标,实现应急避难场所的整体规划。通过仿真实验证明,所提微粒群算法具有较好的规划效率,可保证规划后的城乡住区在受到地震侵害后,受灾人群有即时的可避难场所,为人们的震后生活提供帮助。 相似文献
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This study involved the analysis of the locations with the lowest earthquake risk in the Isparta province of Turkey and the radiological properties of these locations. The most convenient residential areas in the region in terms of radiology and earthquake risk were identified. The radiological characteristics of soil are an important factor in the evaluation of residential areas. Gamma ray spectrometry and multi-source seismic refraction methods were used to conduct radioactive and seismic measurements. The measured 238U, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations were used to calculate the absorbed gamma dose rate, the annual effective dose rate, the radium equivalent and the external hazard index of the environment to estimate the radiological risk of natural radioactivity. The compressional and shear wave velocities were calculated based on the results of multi-source seismic refraction. The calculated parameters were used to generate micro-zone maps. The shear wave velocity was used to analyze the stiffness of looseness of the soil. The radiological risks of the area were determined. Both the seismic and radiological hazards were considered in determining the appropriate areas for residential development. In the results of this study, the best location for residential development was demonstrated to be on limestone, and the worst location was determined to be on alluvium. 相似文献
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应急避难场所建设适宜与否,能否在灾时和灾后及时发挥应急避难功能,将直接决定居民的生命安全和财产损失情况。基于抗震防灾规划标准,本文以石家庄为例,从有效性、可达性、安全性三个层面构建了石家庄市应急避难场所适宜性评价指标体系。以GIS软件为数据处理平台,运用熵值权重法结合灰色关联分析的评价模型,对石家庄市应急避难场所进行适宜性评价。结果表明:石家庄市应急避难场所中有3处达到适宜等级,2处达到一般适宜等级,4处是不适宜等级。最后依据评价结果提出建设性建议。结果可检验石家庄已建成应急避难场所的布局合理性,为石家庄市新增避难场所的规划建设提供建议。 相似文献
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Seismic vulnerability assessment of historical urban centres: case study of the old city centre in Seixal, Portugal 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Tiago Miguel Ferreira Romeu Vicente J. A. R. Mendes da Silva Humberto Varum Aníbal Costa 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2013,11(5):1753-1773
The seismic vulnerability assessment of old masonry buildings is essential not only to buildings with recognised historical and heritage value but also to ordinary residential masonry buildings. This paper approaches the seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings by applying a simplified methodology to the old city centre of Seixal in Portugal. The methodology adopted in this study was based on a vulnerability index used for the evaluation of damage and the study of loss scenarios on a large scale. Over 500 buildings were assessed using this methodology, and the results were analysed using an integrated Geographical Information System tool. The integration of the vulnerability and loss results could allow city councils or regional authorities to plan interventions based on a global view of the site under analysis, leading to more accurate and comprehensive risk mitigation strategies that support the requirements of safety and emergency planning. 相似文献
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我国有489个有居民海岛，多处于地震活跃带。提高地震应急能力是减轻地震灾害影响的有效途径，而目前应急相关的研究主要针对城市（区域）展开，尚无针对海岛的地震应急能力评价指标体系。为评估现阶段我国海岛的地震应急能力，该研究在前人基础上，从监测预警能力、应急救援能力、恢复重建能力和自然因素影响4个方面构建了针对海岛的评价指标体系，并建立熵权法-灰色关联分析法海岛地震应急能力评价模型。最后，以我国大陆沿海陆域面积小于200km2的5个海岛县为例进行分析，得到其地震应急能力由高到低依次为嵊泗县、长岛县、长海县、洞头区和南澳县。该研究可为我国海岛地震应急工作的开展和改进提供参考。 相似文献
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地震应急避难场所是增强现代化城市防震减灾能力，保障城市安全的一项重要举措，对应急避难场所进行适宜性评价，有利于更好地发挥应急避难服务功能，提高避难成功率，减轻灾害损失。本文利用熵值权重与灰色关联分析相结合的评价模型和GIS空间分析方法，以构建的应急避难场所适宜性评价指标体系为研究基础，对天津市中心城区地震应急避难场所进行适宜性评价。评价结果给出了各避难场所适宜等级，检验了场所的避难服务功能，为避难场所空间分布合理性提出建议，对增强城市应急避难场所规划、建设合理性及提高应急处理能力具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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Delineation of flood risk hotspots can be considered as one of the first steps in an integrated methodology for urban flood risk management and mitigation. This paper presents a step-by-step methodology in a GIS-based framework for identifying flooding risk hotspots for residential buildings. This is done by overlaying a map of potentially flood-prone areas [estimated through the topographic wetness index (TWI)], a map of residential areas [extracted from a city-wide assessment of urban morphology types (UMT)], and a geo-spatial census dataset. The novelty of this paper consists in the fact that the flood-prone areas (the TWI thresholds) are identified through a maximum likelihood method (MLE) based both on inundation profiles calculated for a specific return period (TR), and on information about the extent of historical flooding in the area of interest. Furthermore, Bayesian parameter updating is employed in order to estimate the TWI threshold by employing the historical extent as prior information and the inundation map for calculating the likelihood function. For different statistics of the TWI threshold, the map of potentially flood-prone areas is overlaid with the map of residential urban morphology units in order to delineate the residential flooding risk urban hotspots. Overlaying the delineated urban hotspots with geo-spatial census datasets, the number of people affected by flooding is estimated. These kind of screening procedures are particularly useful for locations where there is a lack of detailed data or where it is difficult to perform accurate flood risk assessment. In fact, an application of the proposed procedure is demonstrated for the identification of urban flooding risk hotspots in the city of Ouagadougou, capital of Burkina Faso, a city for which the observed spatial extent of a major flood event in 2009 and a calculated inundation map for a return period of 300 years are both available. 相似文献