共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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海洋地球物理在国家安全领域的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
要建设海洋强国,首先要“知海、懂海”.只有认识海洋,才能从战略上部署好海洋,才能因势利导,走向海洋,开发海洋.海洋地球物理有着极为重要的作用,特别是海防和海洋地质灾害预警这些关系到国家安全的领域更是意义重大.通过对海洋地球物理环境的“全局、精细、实时”监控,及早发现,及时预警,达到维护国家安全的目的.和平时期,唤醒全民... 相似文献
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试论中国海的地球物理监控 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
构筑中国海地球物理三维立体监控体系,建立海防的"千里眼"和"顺风耳",实现基于地球物理的监控、预警与预测的战略部署与方法研究,是海洋军事地球物理的重要组成部分.海洋强,国则强.要建设海洋强国,首先要"知海、懂海".只有认识海洋,才能从战略上部署好海洋,才能因势利导,走向海洋,开发海洋.推动海洋地球物理场的研究,拥有详细... 相似文献
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基于地震勘探的海洋工程地质勘察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋工程灾害荷载作用下的安全性成为当今海洋科学研究的重点内容之一。海洋工程的工程地质参数是海洋工程设计最基本的资料，本文的研究目的是探讨一种获取近海海洋工程的工程地质资料的简单，快捷的方法，以降低海洋工程地质勘察高费用，缩短获取资料的周期，本文采用的方法是利用获取的人工地震和天然地震信息应用波动方程方法来反演近海海洋工程所需的地层结构参数和相关的岩土力学参数，主要研究内容包括六个方面；1）海洋三维地震勘探的几个技术难点；2）利用小波变换技术的地震信息叠前处理优化算法；3）利用面波信息的近海海洋地层结构的波动方程反演算法和算法优化；4）利用P、S波信息的组成地层的岩土力学参数反演算法和算法优化，本文研究成果将大大减少近海海洋工程地质勘察的费用，缩短勘察周期，从而提高勘察的效益。 相似文献
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海洋地球物理以物理学的思维与方法研究占地球三分之二面积的海洋系统.20世纪地球科学迅猛发展，它的重大进展是海底扩张说与板块构造说的出现和海底大洋的发现，以及前者所引发的地球科学思想革命，从固定论向活动论的思维转变.海底研究对于20世纪地球科学发展的贡献极为巨大，而海洋地球物理是推动海底科学研究的重要原动力.海洋地球物理在20世纪地球科学的发展中有过辉煌的成就，占有十分重要的地位；在新的21世纪里，海洋地球物理研究仍然保持着前沿科学的地位，继续推动着地球科学的进展.目前的海底探测主要还是依赖于声学探测技术.水下声学定位技术是实现水下探测系统精确定位和海底高精度探测的基础.传统性的海洋地震探测技术是研究海底构造与海洋岩石圈深部结构和寻找海底矿产的主力技术，它近年来无论在海上采集技术还是数据处理技术方面都发展得很快.多波束测深、侧扫声呐测图和海底地层剖面测量等则是近数十年快速发展起来探测海底浅部结构信息的技术.这些技术已经在当代海底科学研究、海底资源勘查、海洋工程和海洋开发，以及海洋军事活动等方面发挥出极其重要的作用. 相似文献
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利用中等复杂程度热带大气和海洋模式研究了热带太平洋和大西洋SST通过风应力桥梁的相互作用.利用1958～1998年NCEP分析的海表面温度场（SST）强迫大气模式得到的表面风应力与NCEP分析的同期热通量共同驱动海洋模式，作为控制试验；和控制试验平行，但强迫大气模式的SST在某一海盆取为多年气候平均值的试验作为敏感性试验；比较控制试验与敏感性试验模拟，则可反映风应力桥梁作用下热带某海盆SST异常对其他海盆的影响.结果表明，热带某一海盆SST暖（冷）异常总是引起局地海盆表面西部西（东）风异常和东部东（西）风异常；热带太平洋SST暖（冷）异常导致的该海盆东部表面东（西）风异常可以扩展到热带大西洋，从而导致热带大西洋SST冷（暖）异常；热带大西洋SST暖（冷）异常导致的该海盆西部表面西（东）风异常可以扩展到热带太平洋，从而导致热带太平洋SST暖（冷）异常. 相似文献
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本文描述了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG)最新发展的一个耦合气候系统模式的基本性能. 该模式是在LASG灵活的全球耦合气候系统模式（英文缩写为FGCM）的初始版本FGCM-0的基础上发展而来的,是该系列耦合模式的第二个版本，即FGCM-1.0. FGCM-1.0通过一个通量耦合器将大气、海洋和海冰三个分量模式耦合在一起，其中海洋分量模式是LASG发展的一个涡相容分辨率（eddy-permitting）全球海洋环流模式，大气和海冰分量模式则为美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）的大气环流模式CAM2和海冰模式CSIM4. 耦合模式完整地考虑了海气界面上的动量、热量和淡水通量交换，尽管在模式中没有使用任何形式的人为的通量调整或者通量距平方案，模式还是比较合理地模拟出基本的气候形态. 通过对该耦合模式长期积分结果的进一步分析发现，模式能够比较好地模拟出厄尔尼诺－南方涛动（ENSO）以及印度洋偶极子事件的基本特征；与FGCM系列耦合模式的最初版本FGCM-0相比，FGCM-1.0模拟的北赤道逆流（NECC）和ENSO循环更加真实. 相似文献
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中国海是祖国的神圣国土，它面积近300万平方千米，包括渤海、黄海、东海和南海四大海域.中国海关系到国家的主权和权益.而在维护主权和权益的斗争中，核心问题是海底矿产资源，特别是油气资源.地球物理方法是认识海底矿产资源的主要技术手段.本文概述了过去50年中国海地球物理场的数据采集与编图工作，经过地质、地球物理综合研究所取得的基本认识、油气勘探在四大海域中所取得的成就，及其前景展望. 相似文献
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几年以前 ,我国尚未独立开展过海洋电磁探测 ,没有获取海洋岩石层电性资料的技术手段。然而 ,地下岩层的电性参数较之其他物性参数能更好地反映岩石的性质以及岩石所处的物理状态 ,因此迫切需要发展海底大地电磁探测技术。海底大地电磁探测是把仪器布置在海底 ,采集海底大地电磁场数据 ,从而研究海底以下不同深度上介质导电性的分布规律 ,达到了解地下不同深度地质情况的目的。经过两年的努力 ,我们已基本实现了海底大地电磁探测技术的研究目标 相似文献
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Data use and information creation: challenges for marine scientists and for managers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the coastal waters of European countries and in the offshore waters of the north-east Atlantic, there is an increasing need for scientists to meet challenging objectives, such as to identify meaningful measures of 'quality', and to recommend 'indicators' to underpin implementation of directives, conventions, statutes and other more informal national and international initiatives. Those indicators may relate to particular species or habitats, to changes in physical and chemical characteristics, and even to the use to which the system is put. The problems to be overcome are difficult, but new and developing approaches will make a significant contribution. The approaches include: criteria to identify 'sensitivity' and 'importance', structures to organise information and electronic information resources to access data.The real challenge is to make the results of the various scientific initiatives relevant to and understandable by a wide range of customers with similar overlapping requirements, and thus make a genuine contribution to protecting the marine environment. Above and beyond that is the need for scientists to drive the agenda to enable real and lasting progress to be made towards ecosystem-based management of our seas and a proper consideration of what 'sustainability' may mean in the marine environment and how we utilise its resources. 相似文献
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More than one-half of the world's population is dependent on ground water for everyday uses such as drinking, cooking, and hygiene. In fact, it is the most extracted natural resource in the world. As a result of growing populations and expanding economies, many aquifers today are being depleted while others are being contaminated. Notwithstanding the world's considerable reliance on this resource, ground water resources have long received only secondary attention as compared to surface water, especially among legislatures and policymakers. Today, while there are hundreds of treaties governing transboundary rivers and lakes, there is only one international agreement that directly addresses a transboundary aquifer. Given that many of the aquifers on which humanity so heavily relies cross international borders, there is a considerable gap in the sound management, allocation, and protection of such resources. In order to prevent future disputes over transboundary aquifers and to maximize the beneficial use of this resource, international law must be clarified as it applies to transboundary ground water resources. Moreover, it must be defined with a firm basis in sound scientific understanding. In this paper we offer six conceptual models is which ground water resources can have transboudary consequences. The models are intended to help in assessing the applicability and scientific soundness of existing and proposed rules governing transboundary ground water resources. In addition, we consider the development of international law as it applies to ground water resources and make recommendations based on the models and principles of hydrogeology. The objective is the development of clear, logical, and science-based norms of state conducts as they relate to aquifers that traverse political boundaries. 相似文献
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在当今全球各国对油、气能源的需求和我国在工业化进程中油气能源十分紧缺的前提下,共享世界油、气能源的同时,必须立足于本土,迅速建立起安全、稳定,且可保证持续供给的油、气能源战略后备基地.油、气田勘探和开采中,尚存在着大于或远大于通常所规范的油、气生成稳定温度和深度限定,而向深部勘察油、气的理念又受到传统油、气成因理论的严峻挑战.为此,近些年来,通过对沉积建造、结晶基底,深部油气生成的物理（主指温度、压力）条件、物源和聚集储存空间的研究,提出：①沉积盆地中存在双相（陆相+海相）沉积建造,而基底则分为中、新生代沉积基底和古老的变质岩结晶基底,即双层基底;②地壳深部介质的物理－化学属性和变质岩及存储空间为油、气的生成和聚集提供了物质基础;③厘定了在有机成因主导下,油、气混合成因（有机+无机）的新理念;④第二深度空间（5000~10000 m）的油、气探查和开发将必是未来深部发现大型和超大型油、气田和深化研究的必然轨迹. 相似文献
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South China Sea 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The South China Sea is poorly understood in terms of its marine biota, ecology and the human impacts upon it. What is known is most often contained in reports and workshop and conference documents that are not available to the wider scientific community. The South China Sea has an area of some 3.3 million km2 and depths range from the shallowest coastal fringe to 5377 m in the Manila Trench. It is also studded with numerous islets, atolls and reefs many of which are just awash at low tide. It is largely confined within the Tropic of Cancer and, therefore, experiences a monsoonal climate being influenced by the Southwest Monsoon in summer and the Northeast Monsoon in winter. The South China Sea is a marginal sea and, therefore, largely surrounded by land. Countries that have a major influence on and claims to the sea include China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam, although Thailand, Indonesia and Taiwan have some too. The coastal fringes of the South China Sea are home to about 270 million people that have had some of the fastest developing and most vibrant economies on the globe. Consequently, anthropogenic impacts, such as over-exploitation of resources and pollution, are anticipated to be huge although, in reality, relatively little is known about them. The Indo-West Pacific biogeographic province, at the centre of which the South China Sea lies, is probably the world's most diverse shallow-water marine area. Of three major nearshore habitat types, i.e., coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses, 45 mangrove species out of a global total of 51, most of the currently recognised 70 coral genera and 20 of 50 known seagrass species have been recorded from the South China Sea. The island groups of the South China Sea are all disputed and sovereignty is claimed over them by a number of countries. Conflicts have in recent decades arisen over them because of perceived national rights. It is perhaps because of this that so little research has been undertaken on the South China Sea. What data are available, however, and if Hong Kong is used, as it is herein, as an indicator of what the perturbations of other regional cities upon the South China Sea are like, then it is impacted grossly and an ecological disaster has probably already, but unknowingly, happened. 相似文献
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Modeling the impacts of drying trend scenarios on land systems in northern China using an integrated SD and CA model 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Climate-induced drought has exerted obvious impacts on land systems in northern China. Although recent reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have suggested a high possibility of climate-induced drought in northern China, the potential impacts of such drying trends on land systems are still unclear. Land use models are powerful tools for assessing the impacts of future climate change. In this study, we first developed a land use scenario dynamic model (iLUSD) by integrating system dynamics and cellular automata. Then, we designed three drying trend scenarios (reversed drying trend, gradual drying trend, and acceleration of drying trend) for the next 25 years based on the IPCC emission scenarios and considering regional climatic predictions in northern China. Finally, the impacts of drying trend scenarios on the land system were simulated and compared. An accuracy assessment with historic data covering 2000 to 2005 indicated that the developed model is competent and reliable for understanding complex changes in the land use system. The results showed that water resources varied from 441.64 to 330.71 billion m3 among different drying trend scenarios, suggesting that future drying trends will have a significant influence on water resource and socioeconomic development. Under the pressures of climate change, water scarcity, and socioeconomic development, the ecotone (i.e., transition zone between cropping area and nomadic area) in northern China will become increasingly vulnerable and hotspots for land-use change. Urban land and grassland would have the most prominent response to the drying trends. Urban land will expand around major metropolitan areas and the conflict between urban and cultivated land will become more severe. The results also show that previous ecological control measures adopted by the government in these areas will play an important role in rehabilitating the environment. In order to achieve a sustainable development in northern China, issues need to be addressed such as how to arrange land use structure and patterns rationally, and how to adapt to the pressures of climate change and socioeconomic development together. 相似文献
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流域管理是以水资源的自然流域特性和多功能属性为基础的管理制度,它的目标是使有限的水资源实现优化配置和发挥最大效益.流域管理的问题直接关系到以水资源的可持续利用支持经济社会的可持续发展的大局.通过分析我国流域管理存在的问题,借鉴国外成功的流域管理经验,提出要进一步明确流域管理和行政区域管理的事权,加快流域管理相应的法律法规建设,加大流域管理的支撑保障能力建设,充分发挥流域管理机构科学规划决策、有效配置调控和有力监督控制的作用,进一步探索适合不同流域的管理模式,加大构建公共参与和民主协商机制力度,探索建立流域水资源管理可持续利用的市场机制. 相似文献