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1.
前人在山西交城断裂带上开挖过多个探槽,揭露出全新世3次古地震事件,但其研究结果尚不能确定该断裂带全新世活动段的北部边界.近期在该断裂带北端和中段又开挖了3个大型探槽,其中在阳曲县泥屯盆地西界开挖的龙王沟探槽,是一个由多个探槽组合成的大探槽,该探槽揭示的地层断错信息,将交城断裂带全新世活动的范围向北延伸了20km.另外2个大型探槽分别为交城断裂带中段瓦窑沟东侧台地前缘的瓦窑探槽与市儿口沟西侧T1阶地前缘的新民探槽.这3个大探槽均揭示出全新世中期(14C测年值为距今5 ～ 6ka)的垆土和淤泥层,以及多组平行分布的断面,所揭示的全新世3次古地震事件具有断错事件活动的同步性,可与前人探槽揭示的全新世断层活动事件相对比.3次断错活动时间分别距今3.06 ～3.53ka、5.32ka左右或6.14ka左右、8.36ka左右;3次事件的时间间隔分别为2.02 ～ 2.84ka和2.22 ～ 3.04ka.这些断错事件的同震垂直位移为1.5～4.7m,显示了7级以上地表破裂型的强震活动.最后讨论了探槽中14C测年样品的影响因素. 相似文献
2.
山西交城断裂带多个大探槽全新世古地震活动对比研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
介绍了沿交城断裂带5个地点开挖探槽揭示的古地震情况.这5个大探槽分别沿交城断裂带北、中、南段分布,其中北段和中段各有2个地点,南段1个地点,探槽之间相距 11～35km.位于该断裂带北段和中段的4个探槽出露了断错全新世地层的断面,在这4个探槽中,位于断裂带北段的西张探槽和位于断裂带中段的新民探槽揭示的全新世3次古地震事件可进行对比,具有活动的同步性.由此显示交城断裂带的中段和北段在距今3 060～3 740a、接近5 910a及8 530～8 560a期间,曾发生3次有地表破裂的古地震事件.位于断裂带北段的冶峪探槽,由于探槽位于台地内冲沟右旋扭曲处,断错的最新地层的年代距今10 730a,其它断面断错晚更新世地层.位于断裂带中段的上固驿探槽地处洪积扇,断层带宽70m,断层走向N58°～74°E,断错的最新地层距今11 570a,揭示了NEE向田庄断层晚更新世时期的活动.位于断裂带南段窑头探槽所在的原始地形受到人工改造影响,探槽剖面揭示全新统覆盖在显示距今 3.0～3.5万年期间受到断裂活动影响的地层之上.交城断裂带5个地点的探槽开挖结果显示,该断裂带全新世时期的活动自南向北迁移. 相似文献
3.
齐心庄探槽位于 1679年三河 -平谷 8级地震夏垫地表地震破裂带东段。探槽内出露的断错地层、崩积楔、堰塞塘堆积、张裂楔及微细地层层理的揉皱现象 ,显示夏垫断裂全新世以来曾发生 4次强震事件。这 4次强震分别发生在距今 ( 10 85～ 9 71)ka、( 7 39～ 6 68)ka、( 5 4 16～ 2 2 33)ka及 1679年 (即三河 -平谷 8级地震 )。这 4次强震的时间间隔分别为 ( 3 2 4 5± 0 336)ka、( 3 2 11±0 815)ka及 ( 3 553± 0 796)ka ,平均强震间隔为 ( 3 336± 0 396)ka。 4次强震的平均同震垂直位移为 ( 1 4± 0 5)m。在齐心庄实施的探槽工程 ,除邻近断面开挖的探槽外 ,还在探槽南北 4 0 0m范围内开挖了 4个探坑 ,对认识断层下降盘地层的展布形态及确定断面堰塞塘的分布提供了帮助。在这些野外工作基础上 ,对齐心庄探槽研究结果与前人沿夏垫断裂其它地点的探槽及钻孔资料进行了对比 ,在古地震事件认识上大部分是一致的 相似文献
4.
拉萨地区最主要的一条晚更新世活断层为那林拉卡断裂带,是走向NWW、倾向SSW、高陡倾角的左旋逆走滑断层,全长33km。通过对该断裂带的研究,发现其从晚更新世以来有明显的活动,并在地表保留了断错地貌现象。其中,在次角林西沟及谢村最为明显,断层错断河流、山脊、阶地等地质体,形成断头沟、断层陡坎等断错地貌,并且两处晚更新世以来的水平位错分别为54～87m和20～67m。通过对断裂带上4个探槽的研究,发现距今约7万年以来,沿那林拉卡断裂带可能发生了5次古地震事件,各次事件的大致发生年龄为距今68.53,54.40,<41.23,21.96,9.86ka,事件平均复发间隔为14.67ka。由于探槽有限,并且各探槽揭露出的地震事件有限,没有一个探槽能完全揭露5次事件,因此文中对一些事件上下限年龄的确定存在一定的不确定性 相似文献
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钻孔与探槽揭示1976年河北唐山M_s7.8地震发震构造晚第四纪强震活动 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钻孔联合剖面探测匹配探槽开挖是获取平原区隐伏活动断裂多次活动地质依据的有效途径.本项研究跨唐山市1976年唐山地震地表破裂带实施了3条钻孔联合剖面探测及1个大探槽开挖,取得以下3点主要认识：（1）1976年唐山Ms7.8地震的地表破裂带长度大于47km,自唐山市市区南部向南过丰南县稻地镇孙家楼西侧至丰南县西河.（2）该地震地表破裂带的几何展布分为南支和北支.北支以右旋走滑为主,地表垂直位移为西升东降;南支地表垂直位移表现为东升西降,兼具右旋走滑.这种断层活动方式无法用单一的正断层或逆断层的活动给予解释,而与断裂带右旋走滑活动产生的垂直位移场吻合.研究获得的钻孔和探槽资料证实晚第四纪时期唐山断裂存在这种持续的活动方式.（3）探槽揭示的断面和钻孔揭示的地层断错现象表明,晚第四纪时期唐山断裂带曾发生多次断层活动事件.在1976年唐山地震之前3次断层活动的时间分别为距今7.61~8.13,〉14.57和24.21~26.57ka,连同1976年唐山地震在内这4次强震的时间间隔约为6.7~10.8ka.在3条钻孔测线中,牛马库钻孔测线距今75.18ka以来9次事件断层活动的平均间隔为8.4ka.同时文中根据地层测年结果讨论了唐山市南北侧晚第四纪沉积环境的差异. 相似文献
6.
断错地貌调查和探槽开挖是获取活动断裂多期活动重要的线索．介绍了龙门山中央断裂带北川县城及平武县平通镇的断层沟槽调查及龙门山前山断裂带绵竹县汉旺镇台地前缘探槽开挖获得的认识．调查结果表明,北川断层沟槽包括汶川地震在内至少存在3次断层活动事件;平通断层沟槽包括汶川地震在内至少存在两次以上断层活动事件;汉旺探槽揭示了2-3次古地震事件．在上述3个地点中,北川断层沟槽和汉旺探槽在汶川地震前的一次强震时间接近,分别为大于5．8ka和小于6．63ka,接近为6ka．由此也获取了在汶川地震前龙门山活动断裂带的一次强震活动中,中央断裂带和前山断裂带同时活动的证据． 相似文献
7.
交城断裂带位于山西断陷系中部,是晋中盆地西界的控制性断裂。该断裂北端起自阳曲县泥屯镇,南到汾阳西侧,长约125km,总体走向NE,倾向SE。文中通过对山西交城断裂带41条冲沟124个裂点的实测和研究,论述了交城断裂带冲沟裂点的展布特征:1)冲沟上游裂点级数的数目与冲沟上游的长度呈正比关系;2)在各级裂点中,裂点距离与冲沟的长度呈正比关系;3)约1/3冲沟不同级别裂点距离接近,这种冲沟裂点的等间距反映了断层垂直位移事件活动的时间等间隔性;4)基岩裂点和松散沉积物中的裂点具有共性,两者之间不存在明显差异;5)在测区124个裂点中,1～5m高的裂点占裂点总数的72%,这种主体裂点高度反映了断裂位移事件的垂直活动量;6)与该断裂带沿线开挖探槽揭示的古地震事件进行对比,调查区内最新的一、二、三级裂点分别对应距今3.06～3.74ka、5.91ka和8.53～8.56ka发生的断层活动事件;7)以古地震事件的时间为参照,得到a～d级冲沟第一级裂点后退速率分别为0.6～0.7cm/a、2.7～3.3cm/a、5.6～6.8cm/a和8.4～10.2cm/a,b～d级冲沟第二级裂点后退速率分别为2.6cm/a、4.6cm/a和8.4cm/a;8)这3次事件的平均高度分别为2.8m、3.0m、2.6m,与前人通过探槽揭示的3次古地震事件位错吻合。最后讨论了可能影响裂点级数及裂点距离的部分因素。 相似文献
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夏垫断裂是北京平原区内1条极为重要的隐伏活动断裂,同时也是1679年三河—平谷MS8.0地震的发震断层。为获取该断裂完整的古地震序列,主要开展了2方面工作:(1)以大胡庄探槽原始资料为基础,重新对探槽进行了解译,共识别出3个埋藏古土壤,6个崩积楔和1次砂土液化现象;(2)结合该断裂其它部位探槽揭示的古地震事件,通过对比各探槽标志性地层,建立不同探槽中古地震事件在同一时间轴上的联系,得到夏垫断裂完整的古地震序列。结果表明:距今31 ka以来,夏垫断裂共发生过11次古地震事件,古地震平均复发间隔约为2.8ka,但距今25~15 ka存在1个古地震丛集期,丛集期内共发生5次强震,平均复发间隔约为2.0 ka,反映出夏垫断裂活动性存在阶段性的差异。 相似文献
9.
乌鲁木齐西山断裂组与地表破裂型逆断层古地震识别标志 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
乌鲁木齐西山断裂层组展布于北天山山前断展褶皱系与博格达推覆构造系的转换部位,为盆地向S推覆的构造,由4～5条长度十几公里至近30km的断层组成,其滑脱面埋深约11km。通过地质地貌调查、探槽开挖,结合深部构造特征分析,西山断裂组晚更新世中晚期有明显的活动。断层F1—F3最年轻的2次事件基本都被限制在距今(22.7±5.2)ka和40ka左右。而F4和西山断裂最年轻的事件被距今31.0ka和38.0ka的地层覆盖。这显示西山断裂组晚第四纪活动有分组和组合破裂的特征。断层F4和西山南缘断裂为一组,F1—F3为另一组。坎前堆积地层、断层与堆积地层的切错关系和不同间断面或标志地层在断层两侧的累积位差的突变,是识别地表破裂型逆断层古地震事件的重要标志。降低逆断层古地震识别的不确定性,关键在于识别事件的标志需要综合分析各种影响因素,有多证据的支持 相似文献
10.
柯坪塔格断裂位于西南天山柯坪塔格推覆构造的最前缘,以皮羌断裂为界分成东西两段。在柯坪塔格断裂西段开挖了6个规模较大的探槽,6个探槽都揭露出断层,但其中3个探槽的古地震事件不清晰,另外3个探槽有古地震遗迹。通过分析研究,共确定了全新世以来的4次古地震事件:第1次古地震事件发生于距今约12ka,第2次事件发生于距今约8·6ka,第3次事件大致发生于距今约5ka,第4次事件发生于距今(1·73±0.15)ka以来,很可能是1961年西克尔6·8级地震。这4次古地震事件具有约3~5ka的准周期重复特征。天山南麓有5~6排推覆体,每排推覆体的前缘都发育活动逆断裂,它们向下收敛于寒武系底部的滑脱面,因此,天山南麓的地震破裂非常复杂,这4次古地震事件的震级、发震构造等问题都有待于今后的深入研究 相似文献
11.
The Bolokenu-Aqikekuduk fault zone(B-A Fault)is a 1 000km long right-lateral strike-slip active fault in the Tianshan Mountains. Its late Quaternary activity characteristics are helpful to understand the role of active strike-slip faults in regional compressional strain distribution and orogenic processes in the continental compression environment, as well as seismic hazard assessment. In this paper, research on the paleoearthquakes is carried out by remote sensing image interpretation, field investigation, trench excavation and Quaternary dating in the Jinghe section of B-A Fault. In this paper, two trenches were excavated on in the pluvial fans of Fan2b in the bulge and Fan3a in the fault scarp. The markers such as different strata, cracks and colluvial wedges in the trenches are identified and the age of sedimentation is determined by means of OSL dating for different strata. Four most recent paleoearthquakes on the B-A Fault are revealed in trench TC1 and three most recent paleoearthquakes are revealed in trench TC2. Only the latest event was constrained by the OSL age among the three events revealed in the trench TC2. Therefore, when establishing the recurrence of the paleoearthquakes, we mainly rely on the paleoearthquake events in trench TC1, which are labeled E1-E4 from oldest to youngest, and their dates are constrained to the following time ranges: E1(19.4±2.5)~(19.0±2.5)ka BP, E2(18.6±1.4)~(17.3±1.4)ka BP, E3(12.2±1.2)~(6.6±0.8)ka BP, and E4 6.9~6.2ka BP, respectively. The earthquake recurrence intervals are(1.2±0.5)ka, (8.7±3.0)ka and(2.8±3)ka, respectively. According to the sedimentation rate of the stratum, it can be judged that there is a sedimentary discontinuity between the paleoearthquakes E2 and E3, and the paleoearthquake events between E2 and E3 may not be recorded by the stratum. Ignoring the sedimentary discontinuous strata and the earthquakes occurring during the sedimentary discontinuity, the earthquake recurrence interval of the Jinghe section of B-A Fault is ~1~3ka. This is consistent with the earthquake recurrence interval(~2ka)calculated from the slip rate and the minimum displacement. The elapsed time of the latest paleoearthquake recorded in the trench is ~6.9~6.2ka BP. The magnitude of the latest event defined by the single event displacement on the fault is ~MW7.4, and a longer earthquake elapsed time indicates the higher seismic risk of the B-A Fault. 相似文献
12.
对位于安徽南部的头坡断裂的野外调查表明,沿头坡断裂没有明显的水平或垂向错动的地貌现象;在取得的剖面中,上覆第四纪地层均未被断裂断错,表明断裂在中、晚更新世以来没有活动。对本区地貌、第四纪地层和断裂活动历史的调查分析表明,该断裂在燕山运动晚期(侏罗纪末—早白垩世)和喜马拉雅运动早期(晚白垩世—古近纪)有过2次强烈活动,前者表现为左旋走滑运动,后者以拉张活动为特征。新近纪以来全区处于长期隆升剥蚀状态,缺失新近系,第四系厚度不大,残坡积地层广泛发育,构造运动微弱。头坡断裂的活动历史及新活动性与其相邻的郯庐断裂带南段相似,前者可能受后者的控制 相似文献
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Ryszard Błażejewski Jakub Nieć Sadżide Murat-Błażejewska Paweł Zawadzki 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(11):1707-1716
ABSTRACTGuidelines for the design of infiltration trenches of rectangular cross-section are compared. Four concepts of infiltration into a native soil from linear soakaways of rectangular cross-section are discussed. The results of calculations using analytical equations are compared with numerical two-dimensional (2D) simulations using HYDRUS computer code and field measurements. Satisfactory agreement is achieved for Kozeny’s concept of infiltration and the free-surface approach, applied to a trench in a highly saturated sandy loam. Theoretical solutions, neglecting matric potential, suggest that the mean infiltration rate along the wetted perimeter of a rectangular trench varies in the range 1.0 to 1.5 of the value of saturated hydraulic conductivity. 相似文献
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The 2014 Jinggu M6.6 earthquake attacked the Jinggu area where few historical earthquakes had occurred and little study has been conducted on active tectonics. The lack of detailed field investigation on active faults and seismicity restricts the assessment of seismic risk of this area and leads to divergent view points with respect to the seismotectonics of this earthquake, so relevant research needs to be strengthened urgently. In particular, some studies suggest that this earthquake triggered the activity of the NE-trending faults which have not yet been studied. By the approaches of remote sensing image interpretation, structural geomorphology investigation and trench excavation, we studied the late Quaternary activity of the faults in the epicenter area, which are the eastern margin fault of Yongping Basin and the Yixiang-Zhaojiacun Fault, and drew the conclusions as follows:
(1)The eastern margin fault of Yongping Basin originates around the Naguai village in the southeastern margin of Yongping Basin,extending northward across the Qiandong, Tianfang, and ending in the north of Tiantou. The fault is about 43km long, striking near SN. The linear characteristic of the fault is obvious in remote sensing images. Structural geomorphological phenomena, such as fault troughs, linear ridges and gully dislocations, have developed along the faults. There are several dextral-dislocated gullies near Naguai village, with displacements of 300m, 220m, 146m, 120m and 73m, respectively, indicating that the fault is a dextral strike-slip fault with long-term activity. In order to further study the activity of the fault, a trench was excavated in the fault trough, the Naguai trench. The trench reveals many faults, and the youngest strata offseted by the faults are Holocene, with 14C ages of(1 197±51)a and(1 900±35)a, respectively. All those suggest that it is a Holocene active fault.
(2)The Yixiang-Zhaojiacun Fault starts at the southeast of the Jinggu Basin, passes through Xiangyan, Yixiang, Chahe, and terminates at the Zhaojiacun. The total length of the fault is about 60km, and is a large-scale NE-trending fault in the Wuliangshan fault zone. Four gullies are synchronously sinistrally dislocated at Yixiang village, with the displacements of 340m, 260m, 240m and 240m, indicating that the fault is a long-term active sinistral strike-slip fault. A trench was excavated in a fault trough in Yixiang village. The trench reveals a small sag pond and a fault. The fault offsets several strata with clear dislocation and linear characteristic. The thickness of strata between the two walls of fault does not match, and the gravels are oriented along fault plane. The offset strata have the 14C age of(2 296±56)a, (3 009±51)a, and(4 924±45)a, respectively, and another two strata have the OSL age of(1.8±0.1)ka, (8.6±0.5)ka respectively, by which we constrained the latest paleoearthquake between(1.8±0.1)ka(OSL-Y01)and(378±48)a BP(CY-07). This again provides further evidence that the fault is a Holocene fault with long-term activity.
(3)Based on the distribution of aftershocks and the predecessor research results, the 2014 Jinggu M6.6 earthquake and the M5.8, M5.9 strong aftershocks are regarded as being caused by the eastern margin fault of Yongping Basin, which is part of the Wuliangshan fault zone. The seismogenic mechanism is that the stress has been locked, concentrated and accumulated to give rise to the quakes in the wedge-shaped area near the intersection of the SN and NE striking faults, which is similar to the seismogenic mechanism in the southwest of Yunnan Province. 相似文献
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Appukuttanpillai Krishnakumar Sanal Kumar Aditya Krishnan Anoop Krishnan Nandakumar Vivekanandan Seenipandi Kaliraj Jeenu Jose 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2023,51(2):2200382
Based on the detailed geochemical studies of 184 soil samples from Periyar River Basin (PRB), a tropical monsoon dominated river basin (5398 km2) in the southern western Ghats (WGs) of India, a baseline reference data is established. The soils are mildly acidic with sandy loam and silt loam facies in non-monsoon to sandy loam and sandy clay loam in monsoon. The mean metal concentrations follow the upper continental crust and world shale values. The Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) shows unpolluted to moderately polluted category, except for Cu, Zn, and Ba, while Enrichment Factor (EF) indicates no to minor enrichment for all elements. Contamination factor (Cf) indicates low to considerable contamination for V, Rb, Sr, Ni, and low to very high contamination for Cu, Zn, and Ba. Three significant components are extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), explaining 78.09% and 74.10% of the total variance for monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. Ti, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, V, Cr, Ni, Sr, and Ba exhibited common source of origin while anthropogenic origin is identified for Zn and Cu. The study will provide valuable information into the pedological characteristics of WGs river basins. 相似文献
18.
为研究1920年海原地震中石碑塬地区液化滑移灾害的形成机制、滑移特征及滑移距离，对石碑塬液化滑移区进行钻孔勘探、取样以及探槽开挖。分别对钻孔及所取试样进行剪切波速测试及颗粒分析、室内动三轴试验，得出石碑塬液化滑移区地层分布情况、震时液化土体层位以及不同地震烈度条件下砂质黄土层的液化情况。综合分析钻孔勘探、颗粒分析、动三轴试验结果，揭示出海原地震中石碑塬黄土地层液化滑移灾害的形成机制：砂质黄土层液化后在自重应力以及地震力的共同作用下"托浮"第一古土壤层以及上部"粉尘化"的非饱和黄土层沿缓斜坡运动，并利用液化滑移地层滑距公式对滑移距离进行估算，得到结果为223.35 m，与实际情况较为相符。研究结果可为黄土地层液化滑移灾害的预防提供一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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The interaction effects of different applied ratios of a hydrophilic polymer (Superab A200) (0, 0.2, 0.6% w/w) under various soil salinity levels (initial salinity, 4 and 8 ms/cm) were evaluated on available water content (AWC), biomass, and water use efficiency for corn grown in loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. The results showed that the highest AWC was measured at the lowest soil salinity. The application of 0.6% w/w of the polymer at the lowest salinity level increased the AWC by 2.2 and 1.2 times greater than those of control in the loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils, respectively. The analysis of variance of data showed that the effect of salinity was significant on biomass and water use efficiency of corn in the loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. The highest amounts of these traits were measured in soils with the lowest salinity level. Application of polymer at the rate of 0.6% in the loamy sand soil and at the rate of 0.2% in the sandy clay loam soil resulted in the highest aerial and root biomass and water use efficiency for corn. At these polymer rates the amounts of water use efficiency for corn were 2.6 and 1.7 times greater than those of control in the loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils, respectively. Thus, the use of hydrophilic polymer in soils especially in the sandy soils increases soil water holding capacity, yield, and water use efficiency of plant. On the other hand, decreases the negative effect of soil salinity on plant and helps for irrigation projects to succeed in arid and semi‐arid areas. 相似文献