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1.
攀枝花-西昌(攀西)微古陆块是扬子陆块西部最古老的地体. 代表其下地壳的岩石为中基性麻粒岩, 相应的麻粒岩相变质作用发生于1186～1128 Ma. 在地质年代方面, 麻粒岩的形成可能与Rodinia超大陆中各微古陆块汇聚的碰撞造山作用有关. 麻粒岩的角闪岩相退变质作用时代为877～825 Ma, 在时间上与Rodinia超大陆裂解的时代相吻合. 40Ar/39Ar和FT年代学研究表明, 自新元古代中至中生代, 古陆块的地壳垂直运动演化历史总体上表现为一种刚性地体的缓慢抬升过程. 新生代, 印度板块向欧亚板块的俯冲碰撞作用使青藏地块迅速隆起, 后者又向东作侧向挤压运动. 受此影响, 攀西微古陆块也快速抬升, 使得麻粒岩结晶基底最终出露地表. 相似文献
2.
华北克拉通新太古代末超大陆拼合及古元古代末-中元古代裂解 总被引：72，自引：8，他引：64
华北克拉通在形成和演化中经历的最重要的地质事件发生在 ２ ６００～２ ４００和２ ０００－１７００ Ｍａ期间（简称 ２５亿年地质事件和 １８亿年地质事件）．提出这两个事件的实质是：古老的微陆块以规模较小的板块构造形式拼合成超大陆,以及超大陆受古地幔柱构造的影响再裂解成不同的陆块． 相似文献
3.
攀西微古陆块的变质演化与地壳抬升史 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
攀枝花-西昌(攀西)微古陆块是扬子陆块西部最古老的地体. 代表其下地壳的岩石为中基性麻粒岩, 相应的麻粒岩相变质作用发生于1186~1128 Ma. 在地质年代方面, 麻粒岩的形成可能与Rodinia超大陆中各微古陆块汇聚的碰撞造山作用有关. 麻粒岩的角闪岩相退变质作用时代为877~825 Ma, 在时间上与Rodinia超大陆裂解的时代相吻合. 40Ar/39Ar和FT年代学研究表明, 自新元古代中至中生代, 古陆块的地壳垂直运动演化历史总体上表现为一种刚性地体的缓慢抬升过程. 新生代, 印度板块向欧亚板块的俯冲碰撞作用使青藏地块迅速隆起, 后者又向东作侧向挤压运动. 受此影响, 攀西微古陆块也快速抬升, 使得麻粒岩结晶基底最终出露地表. 相似文献
4.
中国主要古陆与联合大陆的形成——综述与展望 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
翟明国 《中国科学:地球科学》2013,(10):1583-1606
中国主要的古老陆块有华北、华南和塔里木,这些古陆在前寒武纪有各自独立的构造演化历史．华北陆块的前寒武纪构造演化记录最复杂也最完整,从古陆核的形成、巨量陆壳的生长和克拉通化,继而经历了古元古代裂谷．岛弧．碰撞构造事件和大氧化事件,中．晚元古代的裂谷事件代表了华北克拉通的地台属性的演化史．塔里木盆地的基底包括太古宙和古元古代的变质岩系以及新元古代地层,确定有三期冰川作用造成的新元古代冰躜岩．华南古陆是由扬子和华夏克拉通在新元古代拼接而成的．扬子克拉通经历了早前寒武纪的陆壳生长,而后发生了10～9亿年的和8-6亿年的两期变质与岩浆事件,此外,新元古代的两次冰川作用可与全球雪球事件对比．华夏古陆由18亿年、10—9亿年和约8亿年的古老花岗（片麻）岩以及变质岩组成,说明广泛的古老基底存在．华夏与扬子克拉通有统一的新元古代沉积盖层表明华南大陆至少形成在约10～9亿年后,并构成Rodinia超大陆的组成部分．中央造山系的高压．超高压变质作用研究支持了上述古陆块在三叠纪全球Pangea造山作用时期拼合在一起,形成中国大陆的主体． 相似文献
5.
青藏高原的隆升与扩展不仅导致欧亚大陆内部发生强烈的构造变形,亦对高原周缘的地貌格局及气候变化产生了重大影响.青藏高原东北缘新生代以来的隆升时代与响应过程一直备受争议,而界定青藏高原东北缘构造带隆升时序是解决争议的关键之一.本研究围绕青藏高原东北缘,在陇中盆地、六盘山褶皱逆冲带和鄂尔多斯地块西南缘地区进行了磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹测试分析和热史模拟.测试分析结果表明研究区样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄范围分布于136～16 Ma,裂变径迹的长度范围介于11.9～13.3μm;锆石裂变径迹年龄结果为258～79 Ma,但多数样品的年龄介于160～99 Ma;热史模拟结果揭示了研究区新生代以来至少经历了两期隆升和冷却降温事件,即始新世期间(55～30 Ma)和中中新世(17～12 Ma)以来.始新世期间(55～30 Ma)发生的隆升事件可能是印度大陆与欧亚大陆陆陆碰撞远程效应的直接响应,表明印度与欧亚大陆碰撞之初或不久,其应力即已传导至东北缘边界;中中新世(17～12 Ma)以来的隆升剥露冷却事件奠定了青藏高原东北缘现今构造格局. 相似文献
6.
塔里木盆地新元古界的构造属性及结构构造长期以来存在争议,也是深层研究的重点及难题.通过区域探井和地震资料联合解释,结合航磁资料综合研究发现,塔里木盆地深层存在近20个大小不等的南华纪-晚震旦世裂陷.裂陷发育在前寒武纪变质结晶基底上,与上覆显生宙盖层构造格局迥异.受正断层控制呈半地堑、不对称地堑及垒堑相间的构造样式,从东北到西南可分为NWW、NEE、NW向展布的三个裂陷群,地层最大厚度可达4100m.从南华纪到震旦纪主要断裂继承性活动,断陷沉降中心沿断裂向东迁移,震旦纪末期至早寒武世断裂活动减弱至停止.断裂走向及沉降中心展布表明,新元古代塔里木陆块不同部位分别处于NNE-SSW、NNW-SSE向拉张古应力场(相对现今),并伴有顺时针旋扭作用.根据同沉积断裂的活动性差异、岩浆活动、裂陷充填沉积物及与航磁异常的协调性分析,裂陷的构造属性多以大陆裂谷及陆内断陷为主.裂陷的主要发育期在0.8～0.61Ga,其形成与南阿尔金-西昆仑洋、南天山洋的初始打开为响应,且是Rodinia超大陆主要裂解期的产物. 相似文献
7.
扬子克拉通陆核位于湖北西部宜昌和神农架地区,区内出露了前寒武纪早期结晶基底和较完整的元古宙-显生宙沉积盖层.论文报道了对区域内中元古代至早古生代沉积地层细粒沉积岩开展系统的Nd同位素地球化学研究的结果.从中元古代晚期经新元古代南华纪至古生代奥陶纪,研究区沉积地层的Nd同位素模式年龄显示了由2.5~2.8Ga,经1.5~1.7至1.8~2.1Ga的＂V＂字型演化,相应的εNd（t）值发生了由低（？11~？14）经峰值（？1.1~？5.3）至新低值（？7.9~？9.9）的变化.该演化趋势与前人发表的扬子克拉通东南缘和江南造山带同期沉积地层的演化特征相似,指示了约0.8Ga的新元古代或稍早时期,整个华南陆块发生了有地幔物质加入的大规模构造岩浆事件.然而,扬子陆核区中元古代早期地层具有大范围变化的模式年龄（约1.5~2.7Ga）和εNd（t）值（1.38~？12.0）,且中元古代晚期地层为太古宙模式年龄,指示扬子克拉通的核部和东南缘中元古代盆地具有不同的沉积物源,两区域之间应存在陆内裂（凹）陷或分隔的大洋.此外,新元古代扬子陆块和江南造山带相似的演化形式和古生代早期地层相近的模式年龄,指示经约0.9Ga的扬子-华夏陆块拼合后,华南陆块开始具有了共同的沉积盆地和物源.因此,扬子克拉通于前新元古代可能由次一级的不同陆块组成,直至Rodinia超大陆的聚合过程才导致了原始华南陆块的形成. 相似文献
8.
《中国科学:地球科学》2019,(12)
地球自5亿年以来,大量陆块从南方的冈瓦纳大陆不断裂解,相继形成原、古、新特提斯大洋.这些陆块随后陆续漂向北方的劳亚大陆,并与之发生碰撞拼合,形成全球最显著的大陆碰撞造山带,又称特提斯构造域.对源自冈瓦纳陆块的漂移历史,目前已建立了较为清晰的框架性认识,但上述大陆单向裂解-聚合的驱动机制却是特提斯研究中极具争议的问题.通过重新审视特提斯构造域内陆块裂解-拼合历史、大洋俯冲起始的地质记录和全球大尺度深部地球物理特征发现,特提斯洋的大洋板片向欧亚大陆的俯冲是这些陆块运动的"引擎".大洋向欧亚大陆的持续俯冲作用,使得处于大洋另一侧的冈瓦纳大陆被动陆缘发生裂解,进而形成新的大洋.由于持续的俯冲作用,老的大洋不断消减并最终导致裂解的陆块与欧亚大陆碰撞,同时裂解的陆块和冈瓦纳大陆之间新的大洋不断扩张.碰撞以后,俯冲作用能够从碰撞带跃迁至大洋内部产生新的俯冲带,从而使得俯冲"引擎"得以持续运转.多期次的碰撞-俯冲-裂解的转换,使大陆块体周期性地从冈瓦纳裂解并陆续的向欧亚大陆汇聚拼合.俯冲向欧亚大陆之下的大洋板片如同一列单程列车,不断地把陆块从冈瓦纳运向欧亚大陆,使得冈瓦纳不断减小,欧亚大陆持续增大.由于这些大洋板块均属特提斯构造域,我们因此将其称之为"特提斯号"单程列车,而驱动列车单向运行的机制是俯冲板块的重力作用. 相似文献
9.
中国西南天山山前的晚新生代构造与地震活动 总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40
天山是研究现今陆内造山作用及过程、陆内变形、陆内强震及其预测等大陆动力学问题的理想实验场。西南天山和塔里木之间的新生代褶皱－逆断裂带基本上由一南冲弧形推覆构造系统和一向北反冲的构造系统组成，由北而南主要由以下4个运动学单元组成：（1）新生代复活的喀拉铁热克山－天山南脉古生代造山带，其快速变形和抬升可能起始于23－26Ma前，持续至13－16Ma前。（2）向南逆冲的西南天山前陆薄皮主冲断带，包括木兹杜克弧形薄皮推覆体和依柯冲断带，前者代表了向南薄皮逆掩的天山型岩系，地表主要表现为一系列的飞来峰群，在14Ma前曾有过大规模活动，最小缩短量约为20－35km，最小缩短速率为1．4－2．8mm/a；后者代表了向南叠瓦状薄皮逆冲推覆的前陆古生代基底（塔里木地台型沉积岩系）卷入构造，其西段在距今14Ma时曾有过强烈活动。两者共同组成了一复杂的双重构造；新生代地层也卷入变形。（3）喀什－阿图什弧形反冲褶皱－逆断裂带，由3排向北（天山）反冲的左阶雁列展布的第四纪地表滑脱褶皱组成，仅在大山口以西发育。该构造带形成于距今约1．4Ma以后。依什拉克喀拉乌尔断裂以南，博古孜河剖面的最小缩短速率约为5．8mm/a，翁库尔剖面的最小缩短速率约为8．6mm/a。（4）塔里木克拉通下盘块体，向北西方向缓倾，内部变形较小。里木块体西北存在明显的不均匀性，其学问基底高角度逆断裂和走滑断裂控制了盆地新生代沉积的厚度，导致西南天山前陆冲断带的地形地貌、地层、构造变形样式、变形时间以及变形缩短量沿走向的巨大差异性。迈丹－喀拉铁克断裂和阿图什断裂带均为岩石圈规模断裂，研究区的中强地震主要发生在这两条断裂带以及它们之间的西南天山前陆冲断带上。 相似文献
10.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(3)
关于印度与亚洲大陆初始碰撞时间,目前存在3种主流认识,即(65±5)、(45±5)和(30±5)Ma.文中厘定了5种碰撞判别标志,包括板块运动速率的突然衰减、俯冲型岩浆作用的停止、大陆之间的物质交换、海洋的消亡和构造变形.通过综合分析认为,在上述3种认识中,(65±5)Ma构造事件符合一个判别标志,即物质交换——冈底斯碎屑物质在此时出现在印度板块北缘,不过,在此时冈底斯再次发生大规模的岩浆活动,反映出俯冲作用发生活化,意味着两大陆仍未碰撞.俯冲成因的冈底斯岩浆作用在白垩纪末-第三纪初(72~65Ma)间断了约7Myr,文中提出这可能与构造转换有关,即特提斯俯冲消减带被转换断层置换,亚洲与印度大陆由此呈水平走滑汇聚,到了约65Ma,随着新俯冲带的形成,岩浆作用重新开始,直到约45Ma结束.(45±5)Ma的构造事件导致海相沉积和俯冲型岩浆作用的停止,符合大部分大陆碰撞判别标志,文中定义为初始碰撞时间.(30±5)Ma的构造事件与上述判别标准多不符合,反映的是印度和亚洲大陆大规模陆内汇聚作用,即硬碰撞,由此形成青藏高原现今的地质、地貌格局.文中得出的结论是:印度与欧亚大陆的汇聚并非仅仅是受新特提斯海的俯冲消减协调,两者在足够接近时经历了3个阶段,即早期的水平走滑汇聚(72~65Ma)、初始碰撞((45±5)Ma)和晚期的陆内汇聚((30±5)Ma). 相似文献
11.
New paleornagnetic data from Cenozoic rocks in Tarim enable people to revise the Phanerozoic apparent polar wandering path (APWP) of this block. This modified Tarim APWA is supported by data from other Chinese blocks. On the basis of the APWA, it is concluded that Tarim rode on a plate subducting under the Kazakhstan plate between Carboniferous and Permian time. By the Late Permian, subduction had finished. The APWP also revealed that tectonic evolution of the Tarim was characterized by northern latitudinal displacement during the Paleozoic time, while Tarim remained at relative low latitude (about 20°) until1 Cretaceous. 相似文献
12.
We report here new geochronological and paleomagnetic data from the 802±10 Ma Xiaofeng dykes in South China. Together with existing data, these results suggest that Rodinia probably spread from the equator to the polar region at ca. 800 Ma, followed by a rapid ca. 90° rotation around an axis near Greenland that brought the entire supercontinent to a low-latitude position by ca. 750 Ma. We propose that it was the initiation of a mantle superplume under the polar end of Rodinia that triggered an episode of true polar wander (TPW) which brought the entire supercontinent into equatorial latitudes. An unusually extensive emerged land area at the equator increased both atmospheric CO2 drawdown and global albedo, which, along with waning plume volcanism led directly to the low-latitude Sturtian glaciation at ca. 750–720 Ma. 相似文献
13.
14.
SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age, geochemistry and Nd isotope of the Guandaoshan pluton in SW Sichuan: Petrogenesis and tectonic significance 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age, geochemical and Nd isotopic data are reported for the Neoproterozoic Guandaoshan pluton in the Yanbian region, SW Sichuan. This pluton is of typical I-type granite and emplaced at (857±13) Ma. Geochemical and Nd isotopic characters suggest that the pluton was generated by partial melting of pre-existing, young (late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic) low-K tholeiitic protolith within an intraplate anorogenic setting. The Guandaoshan pluton probably records the earliest magmatism induced by the proposed ca. 860-750 Ma mantle superplume beneath the supercontinent Rodinia. 相似文献
15.
Hafiz U. Rehman Tahseenullah Khan Hao‐Yang Lee Sun‐Lin Chung Mamoru Murata M. Qasim Jan 《Island Arc》2019,28(6)
We report Permian (ca. 272 Ma ±5.4 Ma) felsic dykes that intrude into the Neoproterozoic (ca. 750 Ma) magmatic suite of the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex (NPIC), the western extension of the Malani Igneous Suite (MIS). The NPIC consists of Neoproterozoic basement amphibolites and granites (riebeckite–aegirine gray granites and the biotite–hornblende pink granites), all of which are intruded by several generations of mafic and felsic dykes. Granitic magmatism occurred in the Late Neoproterozoic (ca. 750 Ma) due to the subduction‐, followed by the rift‐related tectonic regime during the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. U–Th–Pb zircon and monazite CHIME age data of 700–800 Ma from the earlier generation porphyritic felsic dykes suggest the dyke intrusion was coeval or soon after the emplacement of the host granites. Our findings of Permian age orthophyric felsic dykes provide new insights for the prevalence of active tectonics in the MIS during late Paleozoic. Textural features and geochemistry also make the orthophyric dykes distinct from the early‐formed porphyritic dykes and the host granites. Our newly obtained age data combined with geochemistry, suggest the existence of magmatism along the western margin of India (peri‐Gondwana margin) during Permian. Like elsewhere in the region, the Permian magmatism in the NPIC could be associated with the rifting of the Cimmerian micro‐continents from the Gondwana. 相似文献
16.
Raphael Unrug 《Journal of Geodynamics》1992,16(4)
The Neoproterozoic Gondwana supercontinent cycle includes the break-up of a Mesoproterozoic supercontinent here termed Pangea Y, followed by the fusion of several cratons and the large East Gondwana continent to form Gondwanaland. The accretion can be analysed in terms of plate tectonics. Rifting of Pangea Y was active in the 1100-650 Ma interval. Collision and deformation events occurred in the 820-540 Ma interval. The earliest collision event at 820 Ma between the Sao Francisco-Congo craton and East gondwana formed the Zambezi belt. Major shear zones in transpressional mobile belts developed from 820 to 550 Ma. Post orogenic magmatism and extension events affected the Gondwana supercontinent in the 660-500 Ma interval. 相似文献
17.
Breakup of a supercontinent between 625 Ma and 555 Ma: new evidence and implications for continental histories 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gerard C. Bond Peter A. Nickeson Michelle A. Kominz 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1984,70(2):325-345
A method developed recently for constructing tectonic subsidence curves in early Paleozoic miogeoclines has produced new evidence for the breakup of a late Proterozoic supercontinent. Tectonic subsidence analyses in miogeoclines of eastern and western North America, northwestern Argentina, the Middle East and northwestern Australia limit the timing of the continental breakup to between 625 and 555 Ma. These results refine the implications of a much broader range of radiometric ages of rift-related igneous rocks and biostratigraphic ages of the transition from active extension to passive subsidence in miogeoclines.
The recognition of the timing and extent of rifting has led to testable hypotheses for latest Proterozoic and early Paleozoic continental histories. Breakup and onset of drift along an extensive system of continental fractures within a relatively short period of time would generate a large amount of young ocean floor, thereby reducing the volume of the global ocean basin and causing a sea level rise. Maximum reduction of ocean basin volume would postdate the time of breakup, probably by about 70 m.y., placing the transgressive peak at a time not older then about 510–520 Ma. That age agrees well with the time of maximum flooding on the continents close to the end of the Cambrian. Restriction of the breakup to between 625 and 555 Ma reduces the time gap between an essentially intact late Proterozoic supercontinent and the oldest reliable paleomagnetic reconstruction of the dispersed continents at about 560 Ma. A continental reconstruction produced by rotating Laurentia and Baltica into Gondwana a minimum distance from the 560 Ma position is consistent with limited geologic data. However, that reconstruction places Laurentia and Baltica in low latitudes which is difficult to reconcile with the absence of evaporites in syn-rift complexes in both continents. 相似文献
18.
用热退磁辅以交变退磁方法对采自塔里木盆地阿克苏地区四石厂剖面47个采样点518块标本进行了逐步磁清洗和测试。由本征剩磁方向统计得到塔里木地台晚古生代的古地磁极位置(晚泥盆世φ=10.5°S、λ=151.2°E;晚石炭世φ=52.2°N、λ=179.5°E;早二叠世φ=56.5°N,λ=190.1°E)。古地磁结果表明:塔里木地台在晚古生代是北方大陆的块体之一。从晚石炭世至早二叠世塔里木地台已和北方的哈萨克斯坦板块、西伯利亚地台、俄罗斯地台等连成一片,并且从中生代以来它们之间的相对位置没有发生过大规模的变动 相似文献
19.
Paleomagnetic results demonstrate that during the Cambrian the South China block was close to the equator. We suggest that it was adjacent to North Australia. This reconstruction juxtaposes Cambrian marine basins in South China and Australia, explaining the affinity between Cambrian trilobites from the two areas, as well as the existence of phosphorite deposits in the Early and Middle Cambrian in Australia and in South China. The stratigraphic similarity between the late Precambrian Sinian System in South China and the Adelaide System in Australia, and the continuing fossil affinities from Cambrian through Ordovician of both areas suggest that the proposed geographic configuration lasted from the late Precambrian (800 Ma) to Early Ordovician (470 Ma). Paleomagnetic results from the Cambrian of North China indicate that it was in the southern hemisphere at that time. Based on the paleontological evidence, we suggest that the North China block was close to Tibet, Iran and northern India during the Paleozoic. 相似文献
20.
Bernard Henry Mohamed E. M. Derder Mohamed Amenna Said Maouche Boualem Bayou 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2017,61(2):185-198
The reliability of an Apparent Polar Wander Path (APWP) obviously depends on the paleomagnetic poles used to determine it. The APWP of Africa and South America are fairly well defined for the 330–260 Ma interval. However, this study pointed out a moderate shift between these two curves, and an incoherency of the South American data, contrary to the African ones, which are homogeneous. A number of South American pole positions were re-evaluated in an effort to better constrain the APWP for the entire continent. Most of discarded poles correspond to sites at the area of the junction of Cordillera with the stable craton. That could have structural implications for the evolution of the western margin of the Gondwana. A new criterion for the evaluation of paleomagnetic poles reliability for APWP is presented. Based on comparison of data from different continents and labeled “coherence” criterion, it is independent from Van der Voo’s ones. 相似文献