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新肇油田古628区块葡萄花油层为低饱和度油藏.由于该类油藏含油饱和度低,导致油层电性特征不明显,与油水同层、水层区分度不高;钙质、泥质愈使电性特征复杂化,流体识别难度大.针对上述油水层判别技术难题,本文依据孔隙结构指数及自然伽玛相对值划分储层类型;依据电阻率泥质、钙质校正公式,消除泥质、钙质对电阻率的影响;将薄差层与厚层相剥离单独研究,采用深侧向与深感应电阻率比值与自然电位交会判别薄层油水层;在储层分类及电阻率校正基础上,优选深侧向电阻率与自然电位曲线交会判别厚层油水层.研究表明:分类、分层厚判别方法可较好地解决低饱和度油藏油水识别问题,图版精度均达到90％以上;经新投产井进行背对背验证,解释符合率为85.5％. 相似文献
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本文针对裂缝性碳酸盐岩地层孔隙结构非均匀性和泥浆侵入特征,建立了侧向测井电阻率解释新方程。用于评价任丘油田裂缝性油、水层和计算有效裂缝孔隙度,见到了效果。 相似文献
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灰色综合评判在低阻油气层中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
常规的测井方法不能有效地反映低含油饱和度、低电阻率的油气层。本文根据五里湾地区长６油层的测井响应特征,结合地质和测试资料,采用灰色综合评判方法来研究和识别此类油所层,具有较高的标准化、自动化和速度,且适用于非线性、非指数或非对数分布,计算工作量小。依此方法编制了相应的处理软件,处理了一些原来被解释为水层而实际上是低阻含油的井段,取得了明显的地质效果。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(2)
齐家北地区高台子油层为高含钙致密储层,钙质发育导致部分水层的电阻率大幅提高,高阻水层、油水同层、油层在电测曲线上具有相同的电性特征,给以电测特征为解释基础的油层、油水同层的判别带来极大的困难.针对上述解释技术难题,本文在储层"四性"关系研究的基础上,提出了剥层法:其核心思想是根据各流体类型储层典型的电性特征,将干层、水层、油水同层从其他储层中逐一剥离出来.即依据干层的电性特征,首先将干层与产层区分开;再利用水层识别图版,将水层特别是钙质水层与油水同层区分开;最后利用油层与油水同层解释图版,再将油层与油水同层区分开来.该方法尽可能地降低干层、水层特别是钙质水层对油水同层和油层解释的干扰,提高测井解释符合精度.研究表明:感应测井曲线可反映致密砂岩孔隙中低阻可动水含量,是钙质水层、油水同层解释的敏感曲线;多曲线联合定性识别方法与解释图版相结合可提高油水层测井解释符合率;所建立的测井解释图版精度均达到了90%以上,经过3口实际试油井进行的背对背验证,油层的测井解释符合率达到了100%. 相似文献
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开展复杂低渗储层特征、测井响应及其控制因素分析,有助于储层评价与油水层识别.鄂尔多斯盆地中东部长6期沉积具多物源供给、沉积相带频繁变化的特点,来自不同物源的沉积砂体岩石碎屑成分存在明显差异.长7、长6沉积期盆地周边的火山作用,致使一些地区的长6砂体具有相对高放射性特征.长6储层孔隙类型多样,孔隙结构特征复杂多变,再加上地层水系统的变化,致使一些油区长6低电阻率油层与常规油层、高电阻率水层与常规水层共存.研究结果表明,成藏动力与阻力的对比关系决定了在同一砂体中除存在常规油水分布外,还可能存在油水倒置分布.因此,加强钴前预测、钻井过程监督与调整、钻后综合研究、生产实践检验、解释模型与参数调整、老井复查等,有利于识别油水层,整体把握油水分布规律. 相似文献
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在进行低阻油层识别的过程中,影响判别的测井参数众多,存在大量的冗余信息,从而影响判别的精度和速度.而常规的识别方法又不能有效地识别低阻油层,为此,本文提出了将粗糙集(RS)理论与灰色系统理论相结合的方法进行信息优化,并应用于低阻油层的识别.在剖析粗糙集理论和灰色关联方法的基础上,提出了基于粗糙集的低阻油层灰色识别过程.首先选取反映该类油层特征的识别参数,然后采用粗集理论的属性重要性方法,对这些判别参数进行约简,剔除冗余信息,再将约简后的参数作为低阻油层的最终评价标准,输入灰色系统,最后利用灰色关联法对低阻油层进行识别.通过对某油田18口有测试资料的井进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:粗集理论的属性重要性方法可以有效地约简判别参数,将约简后的参数作为灰色系统的初始值对研究区低阻油层进行识别,通过降维大大提高了判别的运算速度,处理了原来被解释为水层和油水层而实际上是低阻油层的井段,与测试结果相比,识别的准确率达到97%. 相似文献
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油层注入聚合物溶液后,电阻率测井响应发生与水驱不同的变化特征,严重影响水淹层测井评价的效果。本文首先分析了聚合物溶液的导电性质,其次按照聚合物驱油层不同施工流程开展岩电实验研究,分析不同驱替阶段的岩石电阻率的变化特征。并对比分析聚合物驱与水驱油层电阻率测井响应的差异。结果表明,不同聚合物驱替饱含油岩心过程,岩心电阻率随饱和度变化呈现"w"型或"S"型和单调下降的形态;清水聚合物驱油层电阻率测井响应呈现弱、未水淹的特征;污水聚合物驱油层电阻率测井响应呈现与污水水驱相似的变化特征。 相似文献
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Zhanshan Xiao Shengwen Zhang Tiexuan Zhang Shihe Zhu Jing Ma 《Geophysical Prospecting》2009,57(6):1027-1033
Based on experiments on rock electrical parameter dispersion properties in both water displacing oil and oil displacing water processes, it is found that the frequency dispersion properties of electrical parameters in water-bearing rocks are quite different from those in oil-bearing rocks. Oil saturation can severely impact the rock electrical parameter dispersion properties and as the oil saturation increases, the properties are more distinguishing. The variation of formation water salinity has a significant effect on the rock resistivity, hence the modulus of the rock complex resistivity varies with water saturation and a U-shaped curve occurs over a single frequency, just like the normal resistivity. However, the effect of formation water salinity on the rock frequency dispersion is less than that of oil saturation. As a result, the rock electrical parameter dispersion properties will have a significant potential of application in the evaluation of watered-out zones as well as identification of oil-bearing zones and water-bearing zones. 相似文献
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本文利用人工制作的不同含量分散泥质和层状泥质砂岩岩心样品,测量不同矿化度和不同含油饱和度的岩心电阻率,从实验角度研究了不同泥质分布形式和含量的岩心导电规律,结果表明,泥质分布形式或含量不同,则泥质砂岩导电规律不同.基于层状泥质与分散泥质砂岩的并联导电实验规律,以及分散粘土和地层水混合物的导电规律可用HB电阻率方程描述,建立了考虑泥质分布形式影响的泥质砂岩电阻率模型.通过1组不同泥质分布形式泥质砂岩人造岩心实验数据的测试,表明该模型可以描述分散泥质砂岩、层状泥质砂岩和混合泥质砂岩地层的导电规律.分散泥质,层状泥质,人造岩样,实验测量,并联导电,HB方程,电阻率模型 相似文献
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Surface geophysical surveys provide an effective way to image the subsurface and the ground water zone without a large number of observation wells. DC resistivity sounding generally identifies the subsurface formations-the aquifer zone as well as the formations saturated with saline/brackish water. However, the method has serious ambiguities in distinguishing the geological formations of similar resistivities such as saline sand and saline clay, or water quality such as fresh or saline, in a low resistivity formation. In order to minimize the ambiguity and ascertain the efficacy of data integration techniques in ground water and saline contamination studies, a combined geophysical survey and periodic chemical analysis of ground water were carried out employing DC resistivity profiling, resistivity sounding, and shallow seismic refraction methods. By constraining resistivity interpretation with inputs from seismic refraction and chemical analysis, the data integration study proved to be a powerful method for identification of the subsurface formations, ground water zones, the subsurface saline/brackish water zones, and the probable mode and cause of saline water intrusion in an inland aquifer. A case study presented here illustrates these principles. Resistivity sounding alone had earlier failed to identify the different formations in the saline environment. Data integration and resistivity interpretation constrained by water quality analysis led to a new concept of minimum resistivity for ground water-bearing zones, which is the optimum value of resistivity of a subsurface formation in an area below which ground water contained in it is saline/brackish and unsuitable for drinking. 相似文献
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用有限差分法计算各向异性介质中多分量感应测井的响应 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
感应测井电阻率是砂泥岩储层中定量评价含油气性的主要参数之一,然而由于储层电各向异性的存在,传统的感应测井仪得到的电阻率主要响应地层的水平电阻率,比地层的垂直电阻率小,由此计算的含水饱和度偏高．多分量感应测井则可以通过不同方向的发射和接收,测量多个分量,弥补上述缺陷,为储层的含油气性评价提供准确信息．本文用交错网格有限差分法导出了主轴各向异性介质中Maxwell方程的离散化关系式,计算了三维各向异性介质中多分量感应测井的电磁响应．利用三层模型的数值模拟,分析了不同磁场分量对各向异性介质的响应特性,用多层模型和倾斜各向异性地层的响应计算检验了所编制的交错网格有限差分法程序． 相似文献
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随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器在钻井过程中可以提供地层边界的方位及距离信息,因此在地质导向应用中发挥着重要作用,是提高油气资源开采率的重要手段.该技术是国外近十年来发展起来的前沿技术,在国内尚属空白.本文首次构思并实现了一种应用"交联天线"的随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器,并从天线结构,测量原理,数据处理以及地层电阻率成像及解释等几个方面详细阐述.交联天线由极化方向正交的线圈串绕组成,同时具有方位探测和地层背景电阻率测量的功能.通过分析交联天线的电压在仪器旋转过程中的变化规律,可以计算出仪器所在地层的电阻率,判断地层边界的方位以及估算地层边界相距仪器的距离.该随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器还包括用于常规电磁波传播电阻率测试的多频多测距补偿天线结构.结合地层电阻率测量及其在方位上的相对变化,可以实现对地层电阻率的全方位成像.该仪器在国内油田进行了多次实井测试,测试结果证明仪器能够在水平井地质导向中准确提供仪器所在地层的电阻率,以及地层边界方位和距离信息.已有实井测试结果表明仪器在油层(100Ωm)和泥岩(5Ωm)中的地层边界探测深度分别为2.2m和1.6m,平均误差在0.2m以内. 相似文献
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根据Chapman理论模型,在各向异性介质(如HTI介质)中,当入射角在0-45。范围内,慢横波会发生较大的衰减和频散,且对流体粘度敏感,而P波和快横波则比较小。对于沿裂隙法向传播的慢横波,其振幅受流体影响很大。因此,在P波响应对流体不敏感的情况下,可利用慢横波来获得裂隙型油气藏的流体信息。本文分析了胜利油田垦71地区三维三分量地震数据,检测出的慢横波振幅和旅行时异常与该区的测井资料十分吻合。分析结果还发现,与含油区相比,含水区会产生更高的横波分裂。在含水区,慢横波振幅会产生明显变化,而在含油区则几乎没有变化。 相似文献
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在水介质中顺序添加分散粘土颗粒、油珠、导电骨架颗粒、层状泥质,并对每一种成分进行连续积分,建立了一种适用骨架导电及含有分散粘土和层状泥质的泥质砂岩通用电阻率模型.通过对该模型的影响因素分析,发现泥质分布形式对模型计算的含水饱和度有很大影响;对应两个不同粘土颗粒电阻率或骨架颗粒电阻率的地层电导率之差,几乎与总含水饱和度无关,而对应两个不同层状泥质电阻率的地层电导率之差,随总含水饱和度增大而增大;骨架胶结指数变化对地层电导率与总含水饱和度关系曲线的影响最大,而粘土胶结指数变化对地层电导率与总含水饱和度关系曲线的影响最小;饱和度指数对地层电导率与总含水饱和度关系曲线的影响随总含水饱和度的增大而减小.通过一组骨架导电的人造岩样的试验,表明当地层水电阻率.小于颗粒电阻率时,该模型可以用于不含粘土的骨架导电的岩石.通过两组分散泥质砂岩岩样实验测量数据和一组层状泥质砂岩测井资料及实际测井资料的计算,表明本文给出的电阻率模型既适用于分散泥质砂岩地层解释又适用于层状泥质砂岩地层解释,同时,还适用于含有分散粘土和层状泥质的混合泥质砂岩地层解释. 相似文献
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Conduits serve as major pathways for groundwater flow in karst aquifers. Locating them from the surface, however, is one of the most challenging tasks in karst research. Geophysical methods are often deployed to help locate voids by mapping variations of physical properties of the subsurface. Conduits can cause significant contrasts of some physical properties that can be detected; other subsurface features such as water-bearing fractures often yield similar contrasts, which are difficult to distinguish from the effects of the conduits. This study used electrical resistivity method to search for an unmapped karst conduit that recharges Royal Spring in the Inner Bluegrass karst region, Kentucky, USA. Three types of resistivity techniques (surface 2D survey, quasi-3D survey, and time-lapse survey) were used to map and characterize resistivity anomalies. Some of the major anomalies were selected as drilling targets to verify the existence of the conduits. Drilling near an anomaly identified by an electrical resistivity profile resulted in successful penetration of a major water-filled conduit. The drilling results also suggest that, in this study area, low resistivity anomalies in general are associated with water-bearing features. However, differences in the anomaly signals between the water-filled conduit and other water-bearing features such as water-filled fracture zones were undistinguishable. The electrical resistivity method is useful in conduit detection by providing potential drilling targets. Knowledge of geology and hydrogeology about the site and professional judgment also played important roles in locating the major conduit. 相似文献
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P. F. WORTHINGTON 《Geophysical Prospecting》1982,30(5):673-687
The roots of the so-called shaly-sand problem in hydrocarbon evaluation lie in the effect of relatively fine-grained minerals upon measured electrical parameters of granular reservoirs. This influence manifests itself as an excess conductivity, over and above that due to the purely geometric effects of electrolyte distribution within the pore space. For formations with low shaliness, this excess conductivity is usually insignificant in typical oilfield situations. The influence of shaliness upon observed values of formation resistivity has been appraised by collating core-sample data from four different reservoirs. It has been demonstrated that during the course of electrical measurement under conditions of full electrolyte saturation, any given lithology can exhibit both negligible and highly significant shale effects depending upon the resistivity of the interstitial aqueous electrolyte. The effects of shaliness are also governed by the degree of water saturation. Because the manifestation of shaliness in electrical data is not a function of lithology alone, recourse is made to a more realistic concept of shale effects whereby a formation, or section of a formation, is classified as “effectively clean” or “effectively shaly” according to whether it obeys or defies, respectively, the fundamental empirical laws of Archie (1942). In particular, since an intrinsic formation factor can be obtained directly in fully-saturated effectively clean reservoirs, whereas only an apparent quantity may be recorded directly in fully-saturated effectively shaly reservoirs, the ratio of apparent to intrinsic formation factor serves as a useful conceptual indicator of shale effects, attaining the limiting value of unity only under effectively clean conditions. In the context of electrical measurement the terms “shaliness” and “shale effects” are evidently not synonymous and it is the latter which should be considered when selecting equations for the computation of water saturation. The implications for well-log analysis follow through formulated guidelines that describe the relative levels of shale effects in different zones of lithologically uniform reservoirs. 相似文献
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海底金矿上覆岩层中含水直接对矿床的开采构成威胁,选择山东三山岛金矿新立矿区海底-135m水平沿脉巷道,采用地球物理高密度电阻率法对该巷道635m测线以下200m深度范围内岩体中的含水构造进行了坑道探测,利用三种装置(温纳装置(Wenner)、偶极装置(Dipole-Dipole)、Schlumberger装置)进行实施,相互验证,取得了很好的探测结果.温纳、偶极和Schlumberger三种装置的视电阻率反演结果反映在测线(-135m沿脉巷道)以下至30m深度为一高阻层,表明自-135~-165m的岩体中已不含水或含少量的水;测线以下30~60m段为低阻层,反映-165~-200m的岩体中含基岩裂隙水;测线以下大于60m的地段为特高阻层,反映-200m以下岩体含水性逐渐变差.该探测结果与矿区水文地质结构调查分析结论具有很好的一致性,表明了坑道高密度电阻率法探测含水构造是可行的. 相似文献