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1.
The distribution and anomalies of rare earth elements(REEs) of granitic regolith were studied in Inner Mongolia and Hainan Island, China. One profile showed slight REE enrichment of an upper layer and no obvious light REE/heavy REE(LREE/HREE) fractionation(La_N/Yb_N of 0.9). The second profile was significantly enriched in REEs and enriched in LREEs in the upper portion(La_N/Yb_N1.8). Eu, Ce, and Gd anomalies of the two profiles are different. Slightly negative Eu, Ce, and Gd anomalies in NMG-3-1 indicate slow dissolution of primary minerals and little secondary products; in contrast, a positive Eu anomaly in HN-2 suggests the vegetation cycle may contribute to soil. The Ce anomaly of HN-2 reflects oxidation of Ce and coprecipitation by Fe-and Mn-oxides and organic matter. Correlation between Ce and Gd anomalies in HN-2 suggests Ce and Gd are both influenced by redoxreduction.  相似文献   

2.
GHODRAT TORABI 《Island Arc》2012,21(3):215-229
Late Permian trondhjemites in the Anarak area occur as stocks and dykes, which cross cut the Anarak ophiolite and its overlying metasedimentary rocks, and are exposed along the northern Anarak east–west main faults. These leucocratic intrusive bodies have enclaves of all ophiolitic units and metamorphic rocks. They are composed of amphibole, plagioclase (oligoclase), quartz, zircon and muscovite. Secondary minerals are chlorite (pycnochlorite), epidote, albite, magnetite and calcite. Whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element analyses reveal that they are characterized by high SiO 2 (67.8–71.0 wt%), Al 2 O 3 (14.9–17.1 wt%) and Na 2 O (5.3–8.6 wt%), low K 2 O (0.1–1.5 wt%; average: 0.8 wt%), low Rb/Sr ratio (0.01–0.40; average: 0.09), low Y (3–6 ppm), negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies, slightly negative or positive Eu anomaly, LREE enrichment and fractionated HREE. These rocks present 2 to 40 times enrichment in inclined chondrite‐normalized REE patterns. Geochemical characteristics of the Anarak trondhjemites all reflect melting of a mafic protolith at more than 10 kbar. The field evidence and whole‐rock chemistry reveal that these rocks have been crystallized from magmas derived from melting of subducted Anarak oceanic crust. This study reveals that melting of garnet amphibolite was an important element of continent formation in the study area.  相似文献   

3.
矿产远景地质调查过程中,在江西华齐铜多金属矿区发现含矿硅质岩。测试分析显示,区内硅质岩贫A l2O3、T iO2,Co、C r等元素含量低,贫ΣREE,δ（Eu）为负异常,δ（C e）为弱正异常,HREE相对富集等热水沉积物的特征。在判别硅质岩形成的系列图解上,样品均指示热水沉积作用和大陆边缘环境,这与S iO2/A l2O3、S iO2/（K2O＋N a2O）、S iO2/M gO、M nO/T iO2、K/R b等特征值所指示的结果相一致。本区硅质岩地球化学特征及其对比结果说明该区域构造演化的复杂性。在元古代华南海槽构造演化中在华夏地块边缘发生断裂拉张,形成断陷盆地,并发生了热水喷流沉积成岩成矿作用。本区硅质岩与成矿关系密切,研究硅质岩对于认识区域构造演化及寻找矿化体具有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
Rare earth element (REE) abundances determined by activation analysis in rocks, plagioclase and mafic separates from the Fiskenaesset Complex are presented together with data on major and trace elements in the minerals. The REE data for the rocks and plagioclases are distinct from those of many other anorthositic complexes and the abundances are some of the lowest recorded for plagioclase from terrestrial anorthosites. The bulk and trace element compositions of the Fiskenaesset plagioclases show a number of similarities to those of lunar plagioclases. The plagioclases show a positive Eu anomaly of about 10 and a depletion in the heavy REE relative to the light ones. The mafic separates are enriched in the heavy REE relative to the light ones, and show no Eu anomaly except in one sample with a positive anomaly not attributable to plagioclase contamination. It is estimated, from experimental partition coefficient data, that the REE pattern in the magma at an early stage of fractionation was La (17×) to Lu (0.7× chondrites) with a possible positive Eu anomaly. This highly fractionated REE pattern may be attributed to partial melting of a garnet-bearing source.  相似文献   

5.
Continental sedimentary rocks of post-Archean age are characterized by europium depletion relative to the other REE. Typical values for Eu/Eu* are 0.65±0.05 (where Eu* is the theoretical value for no chondrite-normalized Eu anomaly).Basalts and andesites from island-arc suites rarely display significant europium anomalies. Calculations indicate that the maximum amount of sediment that can be admixed without producing a signature of Eu depletion is: (a) 10% for a MORB source; (b) 1% for primitive mantle or a single-stage depleted mantle, and (c) 0.1–0.3% for a two-stage depleted mantle.  相似文献   

6.
The Nanling Mountains lying in the southern part of South China are an economically important gran-ite-related multi-metallogenic province. The Nanling Mountains granites can be described as: temporally spanning from Caledonian to Yanshanian and spatially distributed as three EW trending zones: the north one in Zhuguangshan-Qingzhangshan, the middle one in Dadongshan-Guidong, and the south one in Fogang-Xinfengjiang with two neighboring zones’ midline having an interval of ca. latitude …  相似文献   

7.
Abstract Triassic granitoids related to Palaeo- and Neo-Tethyan events occur widely in the metamorphic terranes largely affected by the Alpine orogeny. A first recorded unmetamorphosed plutonic body intruded into the Palaeotethyan mélange in western Turkey, called the Karaburun granodiorite, is composed of two small intrusive stocks that were emplaced between 240 and 220 Ma. It is compositionally diverse, ranging from granodiorite and tonalite to diorite. These rocks show heterogeneous compositions with 54 to 65 wt % SiO2 and are calc-alkaline in character. They are also subalkaline with molar ratios of Al2O3/(Na2O + K2O) from 0.74 to 1.00 and are metaluminous. Most samples are diopside-normative (0.36–8.64), with Na2O > K2O. Chondrite normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns show various degrees of light REE (LREE) enrichment, with La N = 57.79 to 99.59 and (La/Yb) N = 5.98–7.85 and Eu negative anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.62–0.86). These rocks have coherent patterns in ocean ridge granite (ORG) normalized trace-element plots, marked by variable enrichment in K, Rb, Ba, Th, Ce and depletion in Ta and Nb, similar to I-type granites from subduction zones. In primitive mantle-normalized multi element variation diagrams, the granodiorites show pronounced depletions in the high-field-strength elements (HFSE; Nb, Ta, Zr), Sr, P, and Ti. Trace-element modeling of the Karaburun granodiorite suggests an origin through partial melting of the subduction-modified mantle wedge with minor contribution of crustal components through a process of strong fractional crystallization (FC) combined with slight assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC). Exposures of typical continental-arc granodiorites in the Karaburun Mélange support the validity of the subduction-accretion model that implies the presence of an active continental margin following closure of the Palaeotethyan Ocean during the Triassic.  相似文献   

8.
The coefficient of variation for grain-by-grain fission track uranium analysis of apatites from igneous rocks seems to reflect the temperature of crystallization and the cooling rate. For metamorphic rocks the coefficient represents a complex record of the homogeneity of the source and of metamorphic neocrystallization. As a test case 41 West Carpathian rocks have been examined and the coefficients of variation for U in apatites found to be: granitic rocks 0.30–0.79, paragneisses 0.35–0.95, migmatites 0.55–0.87, and volcanic rocks 0.30–0.40. Most of the frequency distributions are lognormal, though for some cases a normal distribution gives a better fit, and some are incompatible with either of the two distributions.  相似文献   

9.
In order to investigate the genetic nature of the polymict breccia howardite Melrose-b, a whole-rock sample was separated into four fractions after pulverization and the rare earth element (REE) abundances were precisely determined by isotopic dilution in those fractions. Such an investigation shows that the three precipitated fine-particle fractions are depleted in Ce by the same factor (0.62 ～ 0.64) in spite of differences in mineralogy, while the corresponding factor of Ce depletion for the suspended-matter fraction is 0.462; the smaller value indicates a greater depletion in Ce.The weight fraction values of four fractions calculated from the REE abundances are in satisfactory agreement with the actual values. The concentration ratios between plagioclase and mainly pigeonite fractions accord with those observed in similar phases of the Juvinas eucrite [1]. Moreover, the bulk pattern synthesized from the three fine-particle fractions is similar in absolute level to that for the Zmenj howardite [1]. It is concluded that the negative Ce anomaly reflects the effect predating the igneous activity in the parent planetary body.  相似文献   

10.
A study of the REE behaviour in alteration zones of the Buena Esperanza subvolcanic CuAg deposit, located in the Coastal Range of northern Chile, reveals that the elements are mobile in the rocks during alteration. The ore-forming process developed in three different stages of alteration-mineralization.

The hydrothermal alteration of the early and middle stages affected basaltic fragments of a breccia pipe. La and Ce were leached from the rock fragments located at the bottom and at the middle part of the breccia pipe and partly redeposited at the top during alteration. Sm, Eu and Tb were released selectively and the heavy REE behaved as relatively immobile elements. Sericite is the most important alteration mineral for fixing the REE during this stage. The incoming fluids had low REE contents.

The late stage of hydrothermal alteration happened simultaneously with the intrusion of a gabbroic volcanic neck, affecting mainly these subvolcanic rocks. REE patterns of samples from the top and bottom of the alteration zone exhibit roughly parallel trends, but are systematically enriched in REE in comparison to unaltered samples. This enrichment seems to be more intensive at the top of the altered area coinciding with the enrichment of Rb, K and Cu in these rocks. Epidote plays the most important role for fixing this hydrothermal input of REE during the latest stage of alteration.  相似文献   


11.
Zircon is resistant to alteration over a wide range of geological environments, and isotopic ratios within the mineral provide constraints on ages and their parental magmas. Trace element compositions in zircon are also expected to reflect those of their parent magmas, and have a potential as essential indicators for their host rocks. Because most detrital zircons that accumulate at river mouths are derived primarily from granitoids, the classification of zircon within granitoids is potentially meaningful. This study employs the conventional classification scheme of granites (I‐, S‐, M‐, and A‐types). To clarify geochemical characteristics of zircons in A‐type granites, trace element compositions of zircons extracted from the A‐type Ashizuri granitoids were examined. Zircons from the Ashizuri granitoids commonly show enrichments of heavy rare earth elements and positive Ce anomalies, indicating that these zircons were igneous in origin. In addition, zircons in these A‐type granites are characterized by enrichments of Nb, Y, Ta, Th, and U and strong negative Eu anomalies, which exhibit good positive correlations with those in their whole rocks. This fact indicates that these signatures in zircons reflect well those in their parental bodies and are useful in identifying zircons derived from A‐type granite. Based on compilations of available data, zircons from A‐type granites can be clearly discriminated from other‐types of granites within Nb/Sr–Eu anomaly, U/Sr–Eu anomaly, Nb/Sr–U/Sr, and Nb/Sr–Ta/Sr cross‐plots. All indices used in these diagrams were selected based on the geochemical features of both zircon and whole rock of A‐type granites. Application of these discrimination diagrams to detrital zircons will likely provide further insights. For example, some Hadean detrital zircons plot in similar fields to A‐type granites, implying the existence of A‐type magmatism in the Earth's earliest history.  相似文献   

12.
Within the high-grade metamorphic basement, the central portion of North China Craton (NCC), a group of Neoarchean khondalites (KS) is identified. They are characterized by large ion lithophile elements (LILE) enrichment, lower abundances of Zr, Hf and Sr. Their rare earth element (REE) distribution has significant LREE enrichment and negative Eu anomalies. The protoliths of KS are interpreted as feldspathic quartzite, shale or pelite and carbonite, deposited in a shallow sea upon cratonic shelf distant from the land. KS's source region might be dominated by granitic rocks, with a minor amount of TTG, underwent comparatively severe chemical weathering. Considering relevent tectonic constraints, we suggest that khondalites from central portion of NCC, an important metamophosed sedimentary cover, are the most significant exogenetic marker of Neoarchean continental cratonization for NCC.  相似文献   

13.
Microprobe analyses show that whitlockite from lunar rocks is enriched in REE relative to the associated apatite, whereas a terrestrial whitlockite is severely depleted in REE relative to the associated apatite. After considering other possibilities, we suggest that the lunar whitlockite originally crystallized as the high-T polymorph, which is capable of taking up excess CaO (and REE?). Inversion to the low-T form has been inhibited by the non-stoichiometry, so that the present “whitlockite” phase is poorly crystalline. Similar relations may exist in terrestrial basalts of low water content, but would be easily overlooked in petrographic studies.  相似文献   

14.
The REE content and isotopic composition of Sr and Nd have been determined in fish teeth ranging in age from the Trias to the present and from various localities mostly around the Atlantic. These measurements have been carried out on Selachian and Teleost remains from the same locality in Togo and show no appreciable difference, which suggests, with the help of a mass balance calculation of the Ce anomaly, that diagenetic effects are not responsible for the REE enrichment of biogenic phosphates.One group of fossil teeth has about 3 times the REE abundances of shale and a shale-normalized pattern with a minimum at Sm: it is thought to reflect deposition in the open-sea environment. A second group has REE concentration about 10 times higher than the first group with either a regular light REE enrichment or, more frequently, a maximum in the middle REE, both being probably indicative of deposition in estuarine or near-shore conditions. The shape of the REE spectra and the size of the Ce anomaly can be used semi-quantitatively to determine the depth of deposition. The results presented here on Late Cretaceous/Eocene fish teeth samples from Morocco reflect an increasing influx of deep waters with a lowLa/Yb ratio and strong negative Ce anomaly, which agrees well with the evolution of sediment chemistry and microfauna associations.In contrast, Nd is typical of the water mass in which the fish debris decayed. Examples of nearly isolated basins identified with Nd isotopes include the South Atlantic prior to the Lutetian (Nd ≈ −13.5), the Miocene Persian Gulf (Nd = −3.1), and Bolivia during the Late Cretaceous (Nd = −12.8). Togo and Guinea-Bissau results suggest that, in the South Atlantic, the meridional oceanic circulation had not started before 45 Ma ago.Combination of REE andNd data suggests that the assignment of Jurassic-Cretaceous samples measured so far to open-sea water masses is still ambiguous.  相似文献   

15.
High precision trace element data obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and Sr–Nd isotope analyses are presented for mafic volcanic rocks from Gough Island, South Atlantic. The new data reveal negative Ce anomalies, with Ce/Ce? values in Gough lavas extending down to ～ 0.92. Ce is only fractionated from other rare earth elements (REE) due to formation of Ce4+ under oxidizing conditions of near-surface environments while other REE remain trivalent. Ce anomalies in convergent margin magmas have been shown to indicate a contribution of a subducted sediment component. In contrast, Ce anomalies in intra-plate basalts have been attributed to weathering processes, but can be excluded here based on element–element systematics indicating magmatic trends rather than weathering-induced element mobility. Shallow-level contamination by local marine sediments with negative Ce anomaly inherited from seawater can be excluded because Gough lavas with increasingly negative Ce anomalies do not trend towards low Ce/Pb ratios characterizing such sediments. Rather, it is argued that the negative Ce anomalies in Gough Island lavas are consistent with variable amounts of a sediment component in the mantle plume source. Mixtures between estimates of subducting sediment columns with negative Ce anomaly and mantle capable of giving rise to Gough Island magmas without Ce anomalies reproduce the Gough compositional array with the exception of highly fluid-mobile elements. The calculated trace element composition of the deeply recycled sediment in the Gough plume source is depleted in fluid-mobile elements such as Ba and Pb relative to the composition of some present-day subducting sediments. This loss is attributed to the dehydration or flushing of sediment in the subduction factory, consistent with constraints from arc magmas.  相似文献   

16.
The Zargoli granite, which extends in a northeast–southwest direction, intrudes into the Eocene–Oligocene regional metamorphic flysch‐type sediments in the northwest of Zahedan. This pluton, based on modal and geochemical classification, is composed of biotite granite and biotite granodiorite, was contaminated by country rocks during its emplacement, and is slightly changed to more aluminous. The SiO2 content of these rocks range from 62.4 to 66 wt% with an alumina saturation index of Shand [molar Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O)] ～ 1.1. Most of its chemical variations could be explained by fractionation or heterogeneous distribution of biotite. The features of the rocks resemble those which are typical to post‐collisional granitoids. Chondrite‐normalized rare‐earth element patterns of these rocks are fractionated at (La/Lu)N = 2.25–11.82 with a pronounced negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 3.25–5.26). Zircon saturation thermometry provides a good estimation of magma temperatures (767.4–789.3°C) for zircon crystallization. These characteristics together with the moderate Mg# [100Mg/(Mg + Fe)] values (44–55), Fe + Mg + Ti (millications) = 130–175, and Al–(Na + K + 2Ca) (millications) = 5–50 may suggest that these rocks have been derived from the dehydration partial melting of quartz–feldspathic meta‐igneous lower crust.  相似文献   

17.
The REE geochemistry of accessory allanites, sphenes. apatites and zircons from a range of granitic, sedimentary and hydrothermally altered rocks from Skye has been investigated using the electron microprobe. Allanites and sphenes in Skye Tertiary granites are extremely LREE enriched (CeN/YN= 40–100) and may contain up to 50% of whole rock LREE (La-Nd). These phases are late crystallisation products of redidual magmatic fluids. Earlier-formed apatites (CeN/YbN = 7.33) and zircons (CeN/YbN = 0.05) contain insufficient REE to have influenced the REE geochemistry of the Western Red Hills granites by crystal fractionation. However, Y-, Th- and HREE-rich zircons (CeN/YbN = 0.03–0.12, ΣREE + Y = 16,500–49,500ppm) occur both as detrital grains in Skye Torridonian sediments and in the Coire Uaigneich Granophyre (CUG), suggesting bulk involvement of these sediments in CUG petrogenesis. Hydrothermal allanites in altered Tertiary igneous rocks from Skye are LREE enriched (CeN/YN = 16–920), whilst allanites formed during alteration of Torridonian arkoses have less fractionated REE patterns (CeN/YN = 4.4–1.0), as the instability of metamict HREE-rich detrital zircons buffered the hydrothermal fluids in these rocks to more HREE-rich compositions. This buffering indicates that within unveined rocks the scale of REE mobility during hydrothermal alteration was small, even though the occurrence of allanite in hydrothermal veins on Skye suggests that LREE may have been transported for some distance by meteoric-hydrothermal fluids. Zoning of the REE within individual hydrothermal and metamorphic allanites (e.g. coreCeN/YN = 97.56, rim CeN/YN = 0.22) suggests evolution of their parent geological fluids to more HREE-rich compositions during allanite growth.  相似文献   

18.
A large number of Eocene-Oligocene alkaline/alkali-rich igneous rocks were developed in the Tuotuohe region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.In this study,we present zircon U-Pb ages,Hf isotope data,and major and trace element compositions of the Cenozoic alkaline rocks from the Tuotuohe region in order to constraint the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution history of Qiangtang Block.Zircon U-Pb ages were measured via LA-ICP-MS to be39.6,37.6 and 32.0 Ma.The 39.6 Ma trachyte was characterized by low SiO2 and high K2O and MgO contents.The 37.6 and 32.0 Ma orthophyres show enrichment in SiO2 and K2O,but deficient in MgO.All of the samples belong to the alkaline rocks.These rocks display enrichment in REE,LREE,and LILE,depletion in HFSE,and no obvious Eu anomalies.Geological and geochemical features suggest that there were two possible mechanisms for the origin of the alkaline rocks in the Tuotuohe region:(1)the removed mafic lower crust dropped into the asthenosphere,forming the mix magma(Nariniya trachyte);(2)the upwelling asthenosphere triggered the crustal melting(Nariniya and Zamaqu orthophyre).The Eocene-Oligocene alkaline rocks in the study and adjacent areas are likely to be the result of the same tectonic-magmatic event of deep lithospheric evolution that is the crustal material melting triggered by lithospheric delamination.This conclusion extends the influence scope of lithospheric delamination eastward to the Tuotuohe region(*92°E)from Banda Co(*82°E).  相似文献   

19.
In situ REE concentrations of various dolomites from Tarim Basin were obtained by LA-ICP-MS analysis, and the data were normalized to standard seawater (Seawater Normalized=SWN). Most of the samples have a ΣREE range of less than 20 ppm. All samples show similar REESWN distributions with heavy REE depletion, and positive Ce anomaly, which indicates that they have the same dolomitization fluids (seawater). According to the origin and diagenetic process of dolomite, two types of dolomite are determined and described as follows: 1) syndepositional dolomite, with the highest REE concentrations (more than 20 ppm), the cores of which are more enriched in REE compared with their cortexes, indicating that they underwent the dolomitization of calcareous sediments by hypersaline and subsequent diagenesis decreased the REE content of the cortex because of the low REE concentration of the diagenetic fluids; 2) diagenetic dolomite, which can be subdivided into four groups. (1) burial dolomite which has higher REE concentrations than limestone, but lower than syndepositional dolomite. This shows that pore fluids with high salinity dolomitized the pre-existing limestone; (2) void filling dolomite which has the similar REE patterns with the matrix dolomite. In addition, the Eu anomaly is not obvious, suggesting that the dolomitization fluids originated from the diagenetic fluids; (3) recrystallized dolomite, whose REE concentration was obviously decreased, indicating that the REE concentration was decreased during the recrystallization processes; and (4) hydrothermal altered void-filling dolomite, which has the lowest REE concentration, but obvious positive Eu anomaly, reflecting its hydrothermal activity related origin. Thus, the diverse REE signatures, which were recorded in different dolomites, retain the information of their formation conditions and subsequent diagenetic processes. In situ REE analysis of dolomite is an effective probe into the origin and diagenetic process of dolomite. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB422103)  相似文献   

20.
Thorium-poor monazite occurs as an inclusion in a ferrohedenbergite grain within a mesostasis area of the relatively coarse-grained Apollo 11 basalt 10047,68. Only a single grain of monazite (～ 4 × 15 μm) has been observed but it is possible that monazite may exist as a more significant phase at smaller grain sizes. Electron probe analyses indicate chondrite-normalized REE fractionation patterns for both lunar and terrestrial monazites in which the light REE's (La to Sm) are highly enriched relative to the heavy REE's (Gd to Lu). Lunar monazite shows a distinct Eu anomaly which is absent from the terrestrial sample. Crystallization of monazite from late-stage liquids forming during crystallization of lunar igneous rocks could lead to these liquids becoming increasingly depleted in the light REE's relative to the heavy REE's.  相似文献   

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