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新疆塔城盆地东缘冬别列克断裂晚第四纪活动特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《内陆地震》2015,(1)
通过细致的遥感影像解译、变形地貌调查测量以及探槽开挖工作,对塔城盆地的冬别列克断裂进行了初步研究。该断裂晚第四纪以来仍有较强活动,以左旋逆冲运动为主,断裂断错了塔城盆地东缘的各级地貌面,形成清晰的线性构造地貌。该断裂保留有非常清晰的古地震形变带,主要表现为断层陡坎、断层泉及断塞塘,总长度约为100 km,对应最大古地震震级为MS7.49±0.27。目前虽然尚无准确的测年数据限定本次古地震的年代,但从古地震地表破裂的程度分析,其离逝时间不会太久,塔城盆地及周边现今地震活动较弱,可能与该次古地震能量得到一定释放有关。 相似文献
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卡兹克阿尔特断裂带活动特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
卡兹克阿尔特断裂带是帕米尔和天山新生代造山带间一个重要的活动构造边界,通过对其活动构造特征的详细地质调查和大比例尺填图,可将卡兹克阿尔特断裂带进一步划分为吉勒格由特断裂带、乌恰地震断裂带和木什断裂带3段.吉勒格由特断裂带的地表破裂为一系列的断层陡坎和偏转的冲积扇,经过别尔托阔依河出山口处时,切割了T1至T3堆积阶地.断裂带在T1、T2和T3阶地的断层陡坎高度分别为0.67m、3.90m和36.50m.对采自T2阶地顶部和底部的粉砂样品进行光释光测年,测定的初步结果分别为8900aBP和10500aBP,因此对T3、T2阶地以来的滑动速率估计分别约为3.5mm/a、0.8mm/a.断裂的前缘开挖的探槽揭示出全新世以来有4次古地震活动.乌恰地震带主要切割克兹勒苏河的T3阶地后缘,沿断裂带分布有大小不等的断塞塘和断层陡坎.1985年8月23日在乌恰地震带上发生Ms7.4地震,地震最大位错为1.5m.根据断层陡坎计算出断裂的滑动速率约为0.54mm/a.卡帕河的东岸探槽同样揭示出有4次古地震活动.在乌恰地震带的东端,木什断裂带地表长度约6km,由数十条左阶排列的反向断层陡坎(坡向北)组成,沿这些断坎多处可见冲沟被断错,横跨断层陡坎的探槽揭示出3次古地震活动. 相似文献
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玛多—甘德断裂甘德段晚第四纪活动特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
玛多—甘德断裂是巴颜喀拉块体内部的一条活动断裂。 通过野外调查发现, 在玛多-甘德断裂的甘德段保留有一条较好的地震地表破裂带。 破裂带整体走向NW向, 长约为50 km。 野外获得的最大左旋水平位移7.6 m, 最大垂直位移4 m。 沿破裂带有大量地震活动的遗迹, 地表破裂类型十分丰富。 通过对各种地质地貌现象的调查与分析, 认为该破裂带形成时代较新。 断裂带在地貌上发育有线性排列的垭口、 断层三角面、 断层陡坎、 断层泉、 断错水系、 山脊扭错、 断塞塘、 鼓包等现象。 根据野外考察并结合现有资料分析, 该破裂带可能是该区域内历史上一次较为强烈地震的产物。 据此推断, 巴颜喀拉块体内部的玛多—甘德断裂晚第四纪以来可能有过强烈的活动并至今活跃。 相似文献
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海秀断裂近东西向展布于海口市中心,准确厘定其几何位置和最新活动特征对科学评价海口市地震危险性、地震构造和地球动力学具有重要科学意义。本文采用野外地质调查、微地貌测量、浅层人工地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测相结合的方法,针对前人确定的海口市中心城区全新世活动海秀断裂,分别在5个典型地点进行详细研究。首先,通过野外地质调查和微地貌测量,得到其中3个地点的地貌陡坎最大垂直落差为11～15 m;其次,跨地貌陡坎和海秀断裂实施了5条浅层人工地震勘探,结果显示,海秀断裂在地震剖面上反映微弱,断错特征不明显,推测断裂总体活动性较低。为验证该断裂的准确位置和最新活动特征,分别在海港路和人民公园开展了钻孔联合剖面探测,通过详细对比分析钻孔揭示的地层序列和地层年代,未发现因断裂活动导致的构造变形迹象,认为海秀断裂上新世以来在探测深度范围内不存在,海口市现有地貌陡坎应为海蚀阶地坎,可排除断裂陡坎的可能。原断裂沿线区域地震危险性被错误高估,经济建设和发展规划可不考虑该断裂的避让问题。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2016,(1)
文中从几何结构特征、断裂长期滑动速率和古地震复发特征3个方面对阿万仓断裂进行了研究。详细的遥感解译和野外调查结果表明:1)阿万仓断裂作为东昆仑断裂带东段(玛沁—玛曲段)的分支断裂,和东昆仑断裂一样也是1条全新世活动断裂,性质为左旋走滑兼逆断,总长约200km。西北段由2条总体走向310°,相距约16km近平行的次级断层组成,向SE方向合为1条断裂。2)在阿万仓断裂上发现大约15km长的古地震地表破裂带,表现为断层陡坎、断塞塘、地裂缝、断层沟槽等典型断错微地貌现象。3)经航、卫片解译,野外现场调查,断错地貌测量和样品测试,得到该断裂晚第四纪以来的平均左旋水平滑动速率为3mm/a,垂直滑动速率约0.07mm/a。4)通过对断错最新地貌面的测年和探槽剖面分析,认为阿万仓断裂带存在4次古地震事件,属原地复发型,最新1次事件是在(850±30)a BP以后发生的。5)阿万仓断裂左旋滑动速率与东昆仑断裂带玛沁—玛曲段递减的滑动速率量值相当,它的存在和发现可以很好地解释东昆仑断裂带东段(玛沁—玛曲段)滑动速率递减的特征。东昆仑活动断裂带中东段滑动速率逐渐递减,与东昆仑活动断裂带中东段帚状散开的几何结构有关,其中的阿万仓断裂是东昆仑断裂带东延过程中的重要分支断裂,吸收了东昆仑断裂带东延的应变分配。 相似文献
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卡兹克阿尔特断裂带是帕米尔和天山新生代造山带间一个重要的活动构造边界，通过对其活动构造特征的详细地质调查和大比例尺填图，可将卡兹克阿尔特断裂带进一步划分为吉勒格由特断裂带、乌恰地震断裂带和木什断裂带3段。吉勒格由特断裂带的地表破裂为一系列的断层陡坎和偏转的冲积扇，经过别尔托阔依河出山口处时，切割了T1至T3堆积阶地。断裂带在T1、T2和T3阶地的断层陡坎离高度分别为0．67m、3．90m和36．50m。对采自T2阶地顶部和底部的粉砂样品进行光释光测年，测定的初步结果分别为8900aB和10500PaBP，因此对T3、T2阶地以来的滑动速率估计分别约为3．5mm/a、0．8mm/a。断裂的前缘开挖的探槽揭示出全新世以来有4次古地震活动。乌恰地震带主要切割克兹勒苏河的T3阶地地后缘，沿断裂带分布有大小不等的断塞塘和断层陡坎。1985年8月23日乌恰地震上发生Ms7．4地震，地震最大位锚为1．5m。根据断层陡坎计算出断理解的动速度约为0．54mm/a。卡帕河的东岸探槽同样揭示出有4次古地震活动。在乌恰地震带的东端，木什断裂带地表长度约6km,讪数十条左阶排列的反向断层陡坎（坡向北）组成，沿这些断坎多处可见冲沟被断错，横跨断层陡坎的探槽揭示出3次古地震活动。 相似文献
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The wedge-shaped deposit formed in front of fault scarp is called colluvial wedge. Repeated faulting by faults may produce multiple colluvial wedges, each of which represents a paleoseismic event. When there are two or more colluvial wedges, the new colluvial wedge is in sedimentary contact with the fault, while the old ones are in fault contact with the fault. The shape of colluvial wedge is usually in the form of horizontal triangle, and the sedimentary facies is usually of binary structure. The overall grain size decreases gradually from bottom to top. Soil layer generally develops on the top, and different types of soil are developed under different climate or soil environments. Another deposit in front of fault scarp is the sag pond graben. The graben in front of sag pond is generally a set of sedimentary assemblages of colluvial facies, alluvial diluvial facies and swamp facies. The area close to the fault, especially the main fault, is of colluvial facies, while the area away from the fault is of alluvial and pluvial facies and marshy facies. In an accumulative cycle, the size of the deposit decreases from bottom to top, and soil layers develop on the top or surface. Multiple pile-ups may be a marker for identifying multiple faulting events. The pile-up strata such as colluvial wedge and fault sag pond can be used as identification markers for paleoseismic events. Colluvial wedge and sag pond, as the identification markers for paleoearthquake, have been well applied to practical research. However, there is still lack of detailed research on the lithological structure and genetic evolution in the interior of colluvial wedge and sag pond sediment, meanwhile, there is still a deficiency in the analysis of the completeness and the regional characteristics of paleoearthquake by using colluvial wedge and sag pond sediment. This paper discusses the method of identifying paleoearthquake by using sag pond sediments and colluvial wedge. We discuss the lithologic combination and sedimentary evolution of sag pond and choose the surface rupture zone of the 1679 M8.0 earthquake on the Xiadian Fault as the research area. In this paper, the distribution range and filling sequence of sag pond are analyzed, using borehole exploration. Four paleoearthquake events are identified since 25ka to 12ka, based on the sag pond sediments and colluvial wedge. The in situ recurrence interval of these seismic events is 480a, 510a, 7 630a and 2 830a, respectively. The lithologic combination and sedimentary evolution law of the sag pond sediments caused by an ancient earthquake are discussed. The sag pond distribution range and filling sequence are determined by the surface elevation survey and drilling exploration. The exploratory trench exposes the sag pond filling strata sequence and lithologic combination. Based on this, we analyze the three sedimentation stages of sag pond sediments formed by a paleoearthquake event near the earthquake fault. It is believed that the filling sequence is composed from bottom to top of the colluvial wedge, the erosion surface or unconformity surface, the fine detrital sediments(containing biological debris)and paleosols. For the fault-sag ponds formed by active faults, the paleoearthquakes occurred near the unconformity or erosion surface of the sediments of the fault-plug ponds. An ancient earthquake event includes the combination of organic deposits such as sediments, clastic deposits, bioclasts, burrow, plant roots and other organic deposits on the vertical scour surface or unconformity. The time interval between two paleoseismic events is defined by two adjacent unconformities(or scour surfaces). According to the vertical facies association and chronological test results of the sediments in the Pangezhuang trough of the Xiatan Fault, four paleo-seismic events are identified since the late Pleistocene period of 25~12ka BP, with recurrence intervals of 480a, 510a, 7 630a and 2 830a, respectively. 相似文献
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The Nojima fault on the northwestern coast of Awaji Island, south of Kobe, was reactivated during the January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. This fault rupture was dominated by right-lateral offset (max. 1.7 m) along a high-angle reverse fault which has a maximum vertical displacement of 1.3 m on the southeastern side. We repeatedly measured seven profiles across the fault scarp in two areas (Hirabayashi to the northeast and Ogura to the southwest) for approximately 1 year following the earthquake. The original profile of the fault scarp was an overhanging scarp at Hirabayashi and Ogura, corresponding to the 70–80 ° dip of the fault plane. The fault scarp at Hirabayashi displaces Plio-Pleistocene siltstones of the Osaka Group and is overlain by a thin bed of unconsolidated gravel. The Ogura area is entirely underlain by the Osaka Group. Scarp degradation at Hirabayashi occurred by collapse of the gravel bed and proceeded more quickly than at Ogura, where fault scarp degradation proceeded mainly by exfoliation of the Osaka Group siltstones. The degradation occurred at a very fast rate until March at Hirabayashi, and until June or July at Ogura. Since then, the degradation has been very slow. Our data strongly indicate that the scarp profile was initially controlled mainly by the dip of the fault plane, and scarp degradation has been primarily controlled by lithological factors. The degradation of the Nojima earthquake fault scarp proceeded much more quickly than that of normal fault scarps in the western U.S.A., where many observations of the initial stages of scarp degradation have been carried out. The extremely rapid degradation of the Nojima fault scarp in weak late Neogene siltstones might, in combination with rapid cultural modification of the landscape, explain the paucity of geomorphic scarps along the numerous active faults in Japan. This observation may also have implications for tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismicity studies in other countries characterised by weak bedrock and moderate to high rainfall regimes. 相似文献
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断层陡坎的形态可以保存有关断层带上地震活动等重要信息,陡坎上的坡折就是多次地震发生后陡坎演化留下的微地貌信息。以往研究选取的断层陡坎多为位于标准阶地面上的断层陡坎,而断层沿线地貌现象复杂,因此需要探索一种具有普适性的断层陡坎形态研究方法。本研究将常见的断层陡坎剖面按照形态划分为三种类型,以LiDAR技术获取的0.2m分辨率DEM数据为基础,选择了8个属于不同断层陡坎剖面类型的实验区,每个实验区采集不少于20条剖面,通过窗口检验确定研究区最佳数据获取移动窗口为7个像元并计算每条剖面的坡度值,通过坡度约束限定陡坎范围,进而识别坡折并获取坡折信息。对坡折信息进行概率密度统计,根据概率密度统计图中的峰值个数确定强震事件的次数。结果显示,陡坎形态研究结果与古地震探槽结果表现出较好的一致性,表明本文提出的陡坎形态研究方法可以适用于不同类型断层陡坎来确定强震事件次数。 相似文献
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Uncertainties are common in the dating of paleoearthquakes.To improve the credibility of the dating of paleoearthquakes,analysis was done on fault activity,sedimentary environment and seismo-geomorphology to investigate paleoearthquakes along the Zemuhe active fault zone.Grouped trenches were excavated near Daqingliangzi,which revealed three palaeoearthquake events aged 160a,3100a and 5500a～8900a,respectively,including recurrence intervals of about 3000a.Sedimentary processes related to strike-slip fault type earthquakes were discussed,and a sedimentary model was put forward for strike-slip faults at hillsides where drumlin and reverse scarp developed. 相似文献
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巴彦浩特断裂位于阿拉善地块与鄂尔多斯地块相互作用的边界构造带上,其晚第四纪活动特征和古地震数据对全面理解贺兰山周边区域地震构造和地震危险性具有重要意义,为此在研究相对薄弱的巴彦浩特断裂北段开展了断错地貌和古地震槽探研究。观测显示巴彦浩特断裂阿拉善左旗以北段以右旋走滑活动为主兼具逆倾滑,断层西盘相对抬升,在浅表形成半正花状构造组合。年代（56.28±4.04）~（82.2±5.78）ka的冲洪积地貌面上冲沟断错137 m,并在东侧形成断塞塘地貌,估计断层右旋走滑速率为1.67~2.43 mm/a。探槽揭示了3次具有显著地表逆倾滑破裂的强震事件,时间分别为（56.28±4.04）~（55.33±3.04）、（32.79±2.22）~（13.76±1.1）、（13.76±1.1）~（7.86±0.43）ka,逆倾滑量分别为0.44、0.35、0.29 m。与前人在巴彦浩特断裂南段的古地震研究进行对比,可知这3次古地震可能仅为部分事件记录。结合已有研究成果建立了贺兰山周边区域地震构造模型,贺兰山西侧右旋走滑的巴彦浩特断裂强震发震能力不容忽视,贺兰山两侧盆地不同性质断裂系共同构成了阿拉善地块与鄂尔多斯地块的活动边界构造带。 相似文献
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量化分析构造、侵蚀与气候之间的相互作用关系是现代地球动力学的前沿.断层陡崖是伸展构造环境中的一种常见地貌特征,是构造与地表过程密切耦合作用下演化的结果.断层崖面形态各异,如断层陡坎、断层三角面和断层梯形面等.本文基于数值模拟方法,对断层滑动速率、断层滑动周期、河流下切系数、山坡蠕移系数等关键性控制因素对断层崖形态和几何特征的影响进行了系统分析,主要结论为：依据参数空间的动力学对比模拟结果,可以将断层陡崖分为三个主要类型,即沟壑型、断层三角面型和尖锥型;断层陡崖的最终形态主要受地表演化过程（即河流下切、山坡蠕移）的控制;三角面型陡崖的高度和宽度随时间增大,但坡度角在演化过程中基本不变,其几何特征主要受控于断层滑动速率,且在相同的气候和岩性条件下,与断层滑动速率呈正相关;在十万年时间尺度下,断层滑动周期与三角面的形态和几何特征基本无关.断层滑动速率与三角面坡度角间的正相关关系可用于解释观测数据的统计结果,如希腊和保加利亚的观测数据. 相似文献
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昌马盆地为祁连山西端的山间盆地，前人一直关注其周边断裂(如昌马断裂)的构造变形，盆地内部变形则鲜有研究。基于遥感解译和野外考察、探槽开挖、差分GPS和放射性碳(14C)测年等方法，发现昌马盆地西北部的一条活动断层。断层长约4 km,总体走向NEE,倾向SE,倾角陡立，断层地貌表现为陡坎、复陡坎、断层沟槽等，陡坎高度0～5.6 m,由WS向NE逐渐增大。断层运动性质以正断为主，最新活动时代为全新世，并识别出2期古地震事件：6 670～6 885 a B.P.和26 330～26 915 a B.P.。研究结果表明，在青藏高原东北缘向NE方向挤压扩展的背景下，祁连山造山带发生NW-SE向伸展，导致其西端受到SE向拉张作用而形成正断层。 相似文献
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本文研究了断层崖的形成条件及演化过程,提出了必须对断层崖同时进行几何学和沉积学的研究,并根据我们对贺兰山山前断裂带的断层崖的研究结果,初步总结了断层崖崩积楔的若干特征及其在大地震重复性研究中的意义。根据对宁夏红果子沟和苏峪口断层崖几何学和沉积学的研究结果,确定了贺兰山山前断裂自全新世以来曾发生过4次快速错动事件.从老至新分别命名为 A、B、C、D 事件。由于第二期崩积楔下部物质的 C~(14)年龄为距今5745±90年,所以,B 事件大约发生在距今约6000年左右。第四次事件(D)发生在距今400年以内,以致使明代长城发生错动,西错断点的垂直断距为0.35米,东错断点为0.95米。由此估计4次断层错动事件的重复间隔约为2000—2500年。根据三期古崩积楔高度估计三次古错动的垂直位移幅度分别为:红果子沟西部断层崖为0.25—0.5米,东部断层崖为0.9—1.2米,苏峪口为0.8—1.6米,它们均与串件 D 相当。若假定事件 D 与1739年平罗地震相关,则上述4次断层错动的重复间隔即为7—7~(1/2)级以上地震的重复间隔。此数据与根据相同地段断层滑动速率计算的大地震平均重复间隔相当。宁夏北部贺兰山东麓断层为右旋走滑正断层,全新世以来垂直滑动速率北段为0.2—0.25毫米/年,中段为0.5—0.63毫米/年。而宁夏南部南、西华山断裂第四纪以来为左旋走滑断裂,20000年以来的走滑速率最大可达28.65毫米/年。这是因为二者分属于华北和青藏两个不同的构造区,因而具有不同的构造活动性及地震重复率。 相似文献
20.
The Youshashan Fault lies in the south flank of Yingxiongling anticline, southwestern margin of Qaidam Basin. The Yingxiongling anticline is one of the most active neotectonics, situated at the front of folds expanding southward in the Qaidam Basin. Research on the paleoseimology and Late Quaternary slip rate of this fault is important for hazard assessment and understanding tectonic deformation in this area. We excavated a 27-m-long trench across the Youshashan fault where a pressure bridge formed on the Holocene alluvial fans, measured a profile of the fold scarp created by the fault west of the Youshashan mountain, and collected several samples of finer sands for luminescence dating. Analysis of these data shows that(1) The Youshashan Fault is a Holocene active feature. The fold scarp in the basin indicates that this fault has been active along a same surface trace since at least mid-late Pleistocene. At least two paleoseismic events are revealed by trenching, both occurred in Holocene. The latest event Ⅱ in the trench happened after 500a. The current information fails to confidently support that it is the 1977 Mangya M6.4 earthquake, but cannot excludes the possibility of it is related to this earthquake. The other event Ⅰ occurred about between 1 000a to 4 000a. Erosion after the event Ⅰ prevents us to constrain the event age and to identify more events further. (2)The vertical slip rate of the Youshashan fault is about(0.38±0.06)mm/a since mid-late Pleistocene. Comparing with relative speeds of GPS sites across the Yingxiongling anticline suggests that the Youshashan fault is an important structure which is accommodating crustal shortening in this region. 相似文献