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厦门地震台3066型记录仪故障现象及分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
厦门台垂直摆模拟记录曲线接连出现几次畸变现象,通过对比分析数字化记录和模拟记录曲线,查找干扰原因,认为很可能是静电对模拟记录仪的干扰影响. 相似文献
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本文搜集与整理了我国几十次大、中强地震,震前、震时的地倾斜异常图象,按其形态大致可分为五类:Ⅰ.震前倾斜记录曲线渐变——回复——发震(多见于远震);Ⅱ.震前倾斜记录曲线突变(阶跃)——发震(多见于近震);Ⅲ.震前倾斜记录曲线扰动或单向脉冲——正常——发震;Ⅳ.震前倾斜潮汐记录曲线畸变——发震;Ⅴ.震前倾斜记录曲线脉动(曲线加粗)——发震,其特征为:1.异常形态呈多样性;2.异常出现在震前几分钟到几十小时;3.异常幅值一般在几毫秒至十分之几角秒(10-8——10-6rad),个别达几角秒(10-5rad);4.异常倾斜方向多半与震中方位有关;5.异常有由远及近、从外到内(震中)的迁移现象。文章作者还结合模拟实验和地震模式,讨论了地震前倾斜异常的有关问题。 相似文献
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使用兰州小孔径地震台阵记录的近10年地震观测垂直分量波形数据,采用长、短时间平均数比值方法(STA/LTA)叠加出适用于青藏高原东北缘地区的观测走时曲线.结果表明,兰州小孔径地震台阵独特的地理位置,基本上能够记录到不同震中距(0—180°)和不同方位的地震事件;使用不同频率滤波处理之后的地震数据记录叠加出相应的观测走时曲线,从观测走时曲线中可以识别出不同体波震相(P,PKIKP,PKP,PP,PPP,PcP,ScP,S,SS等)的到时及其观测走时曲线特征.这对识别地震各种震相,认识和研究地球内部精细结构等具有非常重要的科学意义. 相似文献
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由于观测环境日益恶劣,龙岩地震台GM4型磁通门磁力仪经常受到围墙外车辆的干扰,记录曲线形态产生明显台阶和脉冲型两大类型畸变.对记录曲线典型畸变形态进行对比、分析、归类,可以更好分辨干扰,进行恰当、合理、准确地预处理,保证数据的连续、精确、可靠. 相似文献
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通过对成都地震台GS-15型重力仪记录固体潮曲线畸变特征分析,找出记录曲线畸变的变化规律,并对引起该变化的因素、物理机制进行分析。仪器加温系统供电电源性能变差,导致仪器内部恒温系统破坏是引起记录固体潮曲线畸变原因。 相似文献
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通过对成都地震台GS-15型重力仪记录固体潮曲线畸变特征分析,找出记录曲线畸变的变化规律,并对引起该变化的因素、物理机制进行分析。仪器加温系统供电电源性能变差,导致仪器内部恒温系统破坏是引起记录固体潮曲线畸变原因。 相似文献
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通过对泰安台重力仪2008-2010年观测运行分析,对仪器运行性能与总体质量分析评价,总结仪器故障原因及影响观测质量的因素,对曲线掉格现象进行统计.结果表明,仪器运行较好,记录质量较高,能清晰地记录到日变固体潮和地震波形,年变曲线连续完整,调和分析M2波中误差高达0.0 005.仪器故障主要为雷击、数采死机、误操作和时间系统紊乱等.影响数据质量因素为雷击、数采故障、地震粘摆等.曲线掉格现象共发生15次,前后有中强地震的比率占80％. 相似文献
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本文试用数字地震记录求取尾波Q值及其与频率的关系.在微机上处理触发数字地震仪记录的资料,原始记录经数字滤波器作窄带通滤波得到一组分频记录,经过时间序列分析的方法,可得到能量密度随时间衰减的曲线,该曲线比从可见记录求得的较为可靠.以散射模型的理论表达式进行曲线拟合,求得Q值及其与频率的关系.值得注意的是,这个结果对某一台站并非常数,尾波Q值是时间窗(即研究所用尾波的整个延续时间)的函数,其原因可能是由于不同到时的尾波采样区域和深度不同,以及多次散射的影响等.因此,当把Q值作为地震预报的一个参数时,延续时间是一个重要的可选择的因子. 相似文献
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Stian Hegna Tilman Klüver Jostein Lima Jens F. Wisløff 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(6):1472-1485
A marine seismic method based on continuous source and receiver wavefields has been developed. The method requires continuous recording of the seismic data. The source that may consist of multiple source elements can emit signals continuously while moving. The ideal source wavefield to be used with this method should be as white as possible both in a temporal and a spatial sense to avoid deep notches in the spectrum enabling a stable multi-dimensional deconvolution. White noise has such properties. However, equipment that can generate white noise does not exist. In order to generate a continuous source wavefield that is approaching the properties of white noise using existing equipment onboard marine seismic vessels, individual air-guns can be triggered with short randomized time intervals in a near-continuous fashion. The main potential benefits with the method are to reduce the environmental impact of marine seismic surveys and to improve acquisition efficiency. The peak sound pressure levels are significantly reduced by triggering one air-gun at a time compared to conventional marine seismic sources. Sound exposure levels are also reduced in most directions. Since the method is based on continuous recording of seismic data and the air-guns are triggered based on time and not based on position, there are less vessel speed limitations compared to conventional marine seismic data acquisition. Also, because the source wavefield is spread out in time, the wavefields emitted from source elements in different cross-line positions can be designed such that the emitted wavefield is spatially white in this direction. This means that source elements in multiple cross-line positions can be operated simultaneously, potentially improving the cross-line sampling and/or the acquisition efficiency. 相似文献
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On the Causes of Electrical Conductivity Anomalies in Tectonically Stable Lithosphere 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kate Selway 《Surveys in Geophysics》2014,35(1):219-257
Magnetotelluric (MT) data can image the electrical resistivity of the entire lithospheric column and are therefore one of the most important data sources for understanding the structure, composition and evolution of the lithosphere. However, interpretations of MT data from stable lithosphere are often ambiguous. Recent results from mineral physics studies show that, from the mid-crust to the base of the lithosphere, temperature and the hydrogen content of nominally anhydrous minerals are the two most important controls on electrical conductivity. Graphite films on mineral grain boundaries also enhance conductivity but are stable only to the uppermost mantle. The thermal profile of most stable lithosphere can be well constrained, so the two important unknowns that can affect the conductivity of a lithospheric section are hydrogen content and graphite films. The presence of both of these factors is controlled by the geological history of the lithosphere. Hydrogen in nominally anhydrous minerals behaves as an incompatible element and is preferentially removed during melting or high-temperature tectonothermal events. Grain-boundary graphite films are only stable to ~900 °C so they are also destroyed by high-temperature events. Conversely, tectonic events that enrich the lithosphere in incompatible elements, such as interaction with fluids from a subducting slab or a plume, can introduce both hydrogen and carbon into the lithosphere and therefore increase its electrical conductivity. Case studies of MT results from central Australia and the Slave Craton in Canada suggest that electrical conductivity can act as a proxy for the level of enrichment in incompatible elements of the lithosphere. 相似文献
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Elastic and electromagnetic waves are commonly used to investigate various soil characteristics. The goal of this study is to estimate the elastic moduli and the void ratio based on both the compressional and shear wave velocities, and the electrical resistivity measured by field velocity resistivity probe (FVRP). The compressional and shear waves are measured by piezoelectric disk elements and bender elements installed at the end of the FVRP frame tip. The electrical resistivity is determined by the electrical resistivity probe installed at the tip of the FVRP frame. The FVRP tests are carried out in a clay–sand mixture prepared in a calibration chamber and in silty sand to silty clay soils in the field. The elastic waves and electrical resistivity are measured at every 1 cm. The field tests are carried out at a depth of 6–20 m, at 10 cm intervals, at the Southern coastal area of the Korean peninsula. The measured data are converted into the constraint and shear moduli based on the elastic waves. Void ratios are evaluated based on the elastic wave velocities and the electrical resistivity, and these void ratios match the volumetric void ratio well. This study suggests that the FVRP may effectively determine the elastic moduli and void ratio. 相似文献
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F.E.M. Lilley 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1974,8(4):301-316
The geomagnetic induction tensor is a means of summarizing the response of the earth at a given observing site to a geomagnetic variation source field. In this paper the characteristics of the tensor elements are examined, both generally and for the special cases of one-dimensional and two-dimensional geologic structure. The first-order model is taken of uniform source fields originating external to a semi-infinite half-space. Graphical ways of presenting the information contained in an induction tensor are explored, including ellipses of rotation, polar diagrams, and diagrams analogous to the Mohr circles of elasticity theory. Criteria to distinguish “two-dimensional” data from “three-dimensional” data are established. The advantages of simultaneously recording “normal” and “anomalous” variations are demonstrated in terms of the extra tensor elements which may then be estimated. The most practical way of presenting information from many stations on a map may be by drawing, for each site, arrows which summarize the response in the vertical field and quadrics which summarize the response in the horizontal field. 相似文献
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Daniel Trad 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(3):802-814
Least squares migration uses the assumption that, if we have an operator that can create data from a reflectivity function, the optimal image will predict the actual recorded data with minimum square error. For this assumption to be true, it is also required that: (a) the prediction operator must be error-free, (b) model elements not seen by the operator should be constrained by other means and (c) data weakly predicted by the operator should make limited contribution to the solution. Under these conditions, least squares migration has the advantage over simple migration of being able to remove interference between different model components. Least squares migration does that by de-convolving or inverting the so-called Hessian operator. The Hessian is the cascade of forward modelling and migration; for each image point, it computes the effects of interference from other image points (point-spread function) given the actual recording geometry and the subsurface velocity model. Because the Hessian contains illumination information (along its diagonal), and information about the model cross-correlation produced by non-orthogonality of basis functions, its inversion produces illumination compensation and increases resolution. In addition, sampling deficiencies in the recording geometry map to the Hessian (both diagonal and non-diagonal elements), so least squares migration has the potential to remove sampling artefacts as well. These (illumination compensation, resolution and mitigating recording deficiencies) are the three main goals of least squares migration, although the first one can be achieved by cheaper techniques. To invert the Hessian, least squares migration relies on the residual errors during iterations. Iterative algorithms, like conjugate gradient and others, use the residuals to calculate the direction and amplitudes (gradient and step size) of the necessary corrections to the reflectivity function or model. Failure of conditions (a), (b) or (c) leads the inversion to calculate incorrect model updates, which translate to noise in the final image. In this paper, we will discuss these conditions for Kirchhoff migration and reverse time migration. 相似文献
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Torsten Bergmark 《Surveys in Geophysics》1984,6(3-4):381-391
A fluxgate magnetometer has been developed at the Geological Survey of Sweden. It measures the field in three orthogonal directions and has sensor elements forming bridges. The instrument can have direct readout in both digital and analogue form with a resolution of 0.1 nT.An instrument of this type has been adopted for stationary recording of geomagnetic elements in digital form. Special attention has been paid to insure good long term stability and high reliability. Experience from routine recording is described. 相似文献
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A. T. Pavlov V. P. Lepeshkin Yu. N. Pavlova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2007,43(3):251-258
A new high-resolution technology of pulsed induction electrical survey is developed for sounding with small (2–30 m) loops in the depth interval from 0.5 to a few hundred meters (in its possibilities, this technology is unprecedented). The specific feature of the proposed technology is that it is applicable not only to well conducting and contrasting objects but also to sounding of low conductivity and low contrast geological objects (including those overlain by high and low resistivity screens) and to identification of thin and low contrast beds. The minimum initial time of recording the useful signal is 350 ns at a current of 3 A. The accuracy of the location of an interface between layers attains 2–5%. The interpretation results are close to electrical logging data. Testing methodological studies were carried out in the Malo-Batuobinskaya diamondiferous province of the Yakutian permafrost zone and in the inspection of high embankments and two landslides in a railroad zone. The new technology can be used in the presence of intense electromagnetic interferences (in particular, along electrified railroad tracks). 相似文献