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1.
为进一步确定拉萨地块白垩纪-古近纪的古地理位置,我们对青藏高原拉萨地块措勤地区林子宗火山岩18个采点进行了古地磁研究.结果表明高温(高场)特征剩磁分量主要为亚铁磁性的磁铁矿所携带,特征剩磁分量在95%置信水平下通过了褶皱检验. 倾斜校正后采点平均的特征剩磁方向为D/I=16.2°/17.7°, α95=5.6°,对应古地磁极位置为63.1°N,224.6°E,A95=5.1°. 另一方面,Ar-Ar年代学结果表明采样剖面的林子宗火山岩形成年龄为~99-93 Ma, 与拉萨地块林周盆地的林子宗群火山岩的形成年龄存在较大差异.由此我们得到晚白垩世拉萨地块中部措勤地区的古纬度为8.5°±6.9°N,与林周盆地古近纪林子宗群典中组和年波组所揭示出的古纬度相当,进一步表明亚洲大陆最南缘的拉萨地块在晚白垩世-古近世期间位于北半球~10°N的低纬度地区.结合最新的特提斯海相地层古地磁结果,晚白垩世-古近世拉萨地块的古地理位置限定了印度与欧亚大陆的初始碰撞时间不晚于60.5 Ma;~93 Ma以来,拉萨地块和单一刚性欧亚大陆之间存在~1900 km的构造缩短. 相似文献
2.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(4)
印度-亚洲的初始碰撞问题是当今地球科学研究的热点.印度-亚洲碰撞带西段经历了从弧陆碰撞到陆陆碰撞的复杂演化过程,重建这一过程有利于更为全面地揭示和理解陆陆碰撞及造山的动力学机制.本文对西构造结附近各个地体(西拉萨-喀喇昆仑、科西斯坦-拉达克及喜马拉雅地体)白垩纪以来的古地磁数据(6个原生及35个次生分量)进行了回顾和总结,古地磁原生分量指示亚洲大陆南缘和科西斯坦岛弧在碰撞前分别位于约14°N和赤道附近,很可能代表了陆陆及弧陆初始碰撞发生的位置;统计分析表明重磁化分量对应的古纬度在分布上存在3个显著的峰值(分别为约3°S~2°N、12°N及22°N),前两个峰值与原生分量指示的古纬度重叠,暗示重磁化可能与弧陆及陆陆初始碰撞伴随的造山作用有关;现有层析成像资料业已表明印度-亚洲碰撞带之下的地幔中存在两条带状分布的新特提斯洋残留洋壳,本文进一步通过初步的动力学数值模拟,表明现今残留洋壳的位置能够大致代表洋壳断离时古缝合带的位置,而该位置又与古地磁数据所揭示的初始碰撞位置基本一致.上述结果一致地表明印度-科西斯坦-亚洲之间弧陆及陆陆初始碰撞分别发生于近赤道及北半球低纬度地区(约14°N)附近,结合最新印度板块的运动轨迹及不同的大印度模型,推测上述弧-陆及陆-陆初始碰撞时间分别不晚于约62 Ma和约48 Ma. 相似文献
3.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(6)
基于板块运动的主要驱动力(俯冲带大洋板片下沉引起的板片拖拉力)和岩浆产生的三种主要机制(加流体、升温和减压),将陆-陆碰撞过程定义为初始碰撞、正在进行的碰撞和构造转换三个阶段,分别以正常钙碱性安山质岩浆(洋壳脱水释放流体)、向海沟方向迁移的钙碱性岩浆(洋壳脱水释放流体或升温)或小规模壳源过铝质岩浆(壳内剪切热)、板片断离诱导的大规模成分多样性岩浆作用(升温和减压)为特征.在准确限定板片断离时间的基础上,结合汇聚速率、板片断离深度和俯冲角度,就可以反推陆-陆初始碰撞的时间.拉萨地体南部冈底斯岩基岩浆活动的时空迁移规律,及其与林子宗帕那组火山岩记录到的52~51Ma岩浆大爆发和岩浆温度增高的现象,很可能是雅鲁藏布新特提斯大洋板片在约53Ma开始断离的结果,由此限定的印度-亚洲初始碰撞时间为约55~54Ma,接近于各种地质现象限定的印度-亚洲初始碰撞时间(60~55Ma).将这一方法应用于阿拉伯-欧亚大陆碰撞带的土耳其南部Bitlis造山带,获得的阿拉伯-欧洲大陆初始碰撞时间为约29~22Ma,与最近根据磷灰石裂变径迹年龄(约20Ma)和区域构造缩短量(约27Ma)提出的初始碰撞时间接近.南部拉萨地体上白垩统强烈褶皱及其与上覆林子宗火山岩之间的角度不整合事件(90~69Ma),可能是新特提斯扩张脊南侧热且年轻的俯冲洋壳与上覆岩石圈强烈耦合或新特提斯洋底高原或海山俯冲作用的结果,与印度-亚洲大陆的初始碰撞无关.林子宗典中组和年波组之间的角度不整合事件持续了约3Ma,很可能标志了印度-亚洲大陆的初始碰撞.雅鲁藏布新特提斯大洋板片断离引起的俯冲带拖拉力消失可能是导致印度大陆在约51Ma明显减速的主要原因,现今的印度大陆北向漂移的驱动力主要来自榴辉岩化印度大陆下地壳的下沉.印度-亚洲大陆初始碰撞后与雅鲁藏布新特提斯大洋岩石圈回转有关的高角度俯冲、拉萨地体南缘大的地壳厚度和高的海拔以及印度大陆中上地壳与下地壳、下地壳与岩石圈地幔的解耦,可能是造成印度-亚洲碰撞带上盘岩石圈板块在60~40Ma期间发生弱变形的主要原因. 相似文献
4.
拉萨地块是研究班公湖—怒江特提斯洋和雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋演化过程的关键,但印度—亚洲大陆的碰撞可能导致拉萨地块遭受不同程度的重磁化影响,为寻找理想地层进行古地磁研究,本文对拉萨地块中二叠世洛巴堆组砂岩、火山岩及灰岩样品进行详细的岩石磁学研究,以确定各类岩石是否具备记录原生剩磁信息的能力．结果表明砂岩样品中主要载磁矿物为磁黄铁矿,火山岩及灰岩样品中主要为磁铁矿或赤铁矿．结合区域地质资料和部分样品退磁实验,本文认为砂岩样品可能遭受林子宗群火山和岩浆活动所提供的区域热扰动影响,记录了古近系重磁化信息;火山岩和灰岩样品可能记录了岩石形成时期的原生剩磁信息,有望从中获得可靠古地磁数据． 相似文献
5.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(3)
精确约束印度-亚洲初始碰撞时间对于认识喜马拉雅造山过程、青藏高原隆升机制及其对环境、气候和生物的效应具有重要的意义.本文基于对西藏雅鲁藏布缝合带两侧沉积记录的研究,对印度-亚洲大陆初始碰撞时间研究进行了总结和评述,探讨了印度-亚洲大陆初始碰撞的穿时性,重建了大陆碰撞的沉积演化.在接受以大陆间洋壳消失、陆壳-陆壳初始接触作为初始碰撞定义的前提下,利用两种方法:(1)缝合带附近深水浊积岩物源区由印度物源向亚洲物源转变的时间,(2)喜马拉雅欠充填前陆盆地启动在缝合带两侧造成的沉积环境突变或不整合的时间,精确限定印度-亚洲大陆初始碰撞时间为古新世中期((5 9±1)Ma).从喜马拉雅造山带来看,真正的初始碰撞时间比正常海相沉积结束要早20~25Ma,而磨拉石出现比初始碰撞要晚30~40Ma.基于特提斯喜马拉雅古近系沉积记录,印度-亚洲大陆初始碰撞在喜马拉雅中部和西部不存在明显的穿时性.本文从喜马拉雅地区的沉积记录角度出发,将喜马拉雅造山作用划分为四个阶段:(1)始喜马拉雅初始阶段,古新世中期-早始新世(59~52Ma),初始碰撞发生,同碰撞盆地存在深海环境,印度大陆一侧发育碳酸盐缓坡;(2)始喜马拉雅早期阶段,始新世早-中期(52~41Ma或35Ma),以发育残留的浅海沉积为特征,新特提斯海湾自西向东逐渐消亡;(3)始喜马拉雅晚期阶段,始新世末期-渐新世(41~26Ma),整个喜马拉雅和藏南地区缺乏沉积作用;(4)新喜马拉雅早期阶段,渐新世末期-早中新世(2 6~17Ma),喜马拉雅隆升,陆相磨拉石快速堆积,沿缝合带东西向发育雅鲁藏布江和印度斯河. 相似文献
6.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(3)
印度与欧亚大陆初始碰撞是海陆热力对比变化、青藏高原-喜马拉雅造山带形成和亚洲气候转变的起点.本文根据近30年国内外的研究进展,系统总结了大陆初始碰撞的研究历史.对比了十多种初始碰撞研究方法,我们认为周缘前陆盆地的构造-沉积响应对大陆初始碰撞最为敏感,而古地磁学作为独立的证据也是非常好的定量研究方法.关于碰撞过程,与西方传统观点认为55~50Ma碰撞首先发生在西部衔接点,随后向东闭合的模式不同;最新的研究结果表明,印度与欧亚大陆首先于雅鲁藏布江缝合带中部发生正向碰撞,时间为65~63Ma,随后向东西两侧穿时性碰撞.大陆碰撞是一个复杂的造山过程,涉及构造、沉积、变质和岩浆作用等多个方面,不同学科的学者通常喜欢从各自学科的角度来定义碰撞.我们建议使用多学科结合、相互验证的方法,避免以偏概全、以点带面的现象发生,尽量将每个阶段发生的事件真实地还原到碰撞造山演化的时间序列中. 相似文献
7.
拉萨地块林周盆地白垩系红层的古地磁数据一直都有较大争议.过去认为磁倾角变浅可能是造成这些分歧的主要原因.我们在林周盆地设兴组背斜两翼进行了系统的古地磁采样,15个采样点的特征剩磁分量在倾斜校正和倾伏褶皱校正后平均方向为D=339.3°,I=22.9°(α_(95)=5.1°).特征剩磁分量在大约69%展开时获得最大集中,表明其为同褶皱重磁化;此时平均方向为D=339.1°,I=27.3°(α_(95)=4.1°),对应的古地磁极为65.4°N,327.5°E(A_(95)=3.5°),参考点29.3°N/88.5°E的古纬度为15.0°N±3.5°.薄片镜下分析显示赤铁矿为次生矿物,岩石磁组构(AMS)也表现为过渡型构造变形组构.样品的特征剩磁方向应为重磁化的结果,E/I(elongation vs inclination)校正法显示特征剩磁方向并没有发生倾角变浅.根据区域构造,重磁化时代约为72.4±1.8 Ma到64.4±0.6 Ma.综合考虑拉萨地块东西部的古地磁数据以及地震层析成像资料后我们认为,碰撞前拉萨地块大约呈NW-SE向准线性分布,并处于~10°N-15.0°N;自~70 Ma以来,拉萨地块与稳定欧亚大陆之间至少存在1200±400 km(11.1°±3.5°)的南北向构造缩短量;印度大陆与欧亚大陆的碰撞不应晚于55 Ma. 相似文献
8.
9.
集结“中国（东亚）大陆构造与动力学”为主题的科学与技术前沿论坛的11个论题,梳理了中国（东亚）大陆构造与动力学领域的四大关键问题：（1）古大陆、古环境、古构造及中国（东亚）古大陆的形成;（2）中国大陆增生与碰撞造山系的造山过程;（3）中国大陆的盆．山体系及近海新生代盆地的形成演化;（4）中国大陆的现代地壳活动及深部结构．综述了中国（东亚）大陆在长期地质历史中的聚合、裂解、碰撞和造山的过程,突显中国大陆构造体制的长期性、复杂性、叠置性、再造性和与洋．陆转换的成因联系．中国（东亚）三大构造域的关系、地体边界的超高压变质带和深地幔作用、印度／亚洲碰撞和青藏高原的隆升、近海新生代盆地的形成,大型断裂与地震、华南大地构造等问题已成为当前中国大陆构造及动力学领域关注的热点． 相似文献
10.
雅鲁藏布缝合带记录了印度与亚洲板块汇聚、碰撞及碰撞后造山的信息.甲查拉组位于雅鲁藏布缝合带南侧,自建组以来一直被认为是印度-亚洲大陆碰撞后前陆盆地的深水沉积,物源来自其北侧亚洲大陆南缘的冈底斯弧.然而,一个长期令人不解的问题是:甲查拉组砂岩最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为88Ma,考虑冈底斯弧晚白垩世-古近纪持续的岩浆活动,如果地层时代是前人基于孢粉、沟鞭藻化石提出的古新世-早始新世(65~50Ma),为何砂岩中缺乏白垩纪晚期-始新世早期(88~50Ma)的碎屑锆石?针对这个问题,本次研究对江孜-萨迦地区的甲查拉组开展了孢粉、沟鞭藻化石分析、岩石地层学、沉积学与物源分析等工作.两个不同实验室的分析处理都未获得保存良好的孢粉、沟鞭藻化石;甲查拉组与宗卓组呈断层接触,岩石组合与沉积结构、构造指示海底扇沉积环境;碎屑组分、碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素指示甲查拉组的物源来自冈底斯弧和中拉萨地体,最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为84Ma.综合考虑沉积环境、物源与大地构造位置,在区域对比研究基础上,本文认为甲查拉组的时代很可能是晚白垩世(88~84Ma),代表了新特提斯洋向北俯冲阶段亚洲南缘的海沟沉积. 相似文献
11.
Lin Ding Satybaev Maksatbek FuLong Cai HouQi Wang PeiPing Song WeiQiang Ji Qiang Xu LiYun Zhang Qasim Muhammad Baral Upendra 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(4):635-651
The initial collision between Indian and Asian continents marked the starting point for transformation of land-sea thermal contrast, uplift of the Tibet-Himalaya orogen, and climate change in Asia. In this paper, we review the published literatures from the past 30 years in order to draw consensus on the processes of initial collision and suturing that took place between the Indian and Asian plates. Following a comparison of the different methods that have been used to constrain the initial timing of collision, we propose that the tectono-sedimentary response in the peripheral foreland basin provides the most sensitive index of this event, and that paleomagnetism presents independent evidence as an alternative, reliable, and quantitative research method. In contrast to previous studies that have suggested collision between India and Asia started in Pakistan between ca. 55 Ma and 50 Ma and progressively closed eastwards, more recent researches have indicated that this major event first occurred in the center of the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone (YTSZ) between ca. 65 Ma and 63 Ma and then spreading both eastwards and westwards. While continental collision is a complicated process, including the processes of deformation, sedimentation, metamorphism, and magmatism, different researchers have tended to define the nature of this event based on their own understanding, an intuitive bias that has meant that its initial timing has remained controversial for decades. Here, we recommend the use of reconstructions of each geological event within the orogenic evolution sequence as this will allow interpretation of collision timing on the basis of multidisciplinary methods. 相似文献
12.
Constraining the timing of the India-Asia continental collision by the sedimentary record 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Placing precise constraints on the timing of the India-Asia continental collision is essential to understand the successive geological and geomorphological evolution of the orogenic belt as well as the uplift mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau and their effects on climate,environment and life.Based on the extensive study of the sedimentary record on both sides of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone in Tibet,we review here the present state of knowledge on the timing of collision onset,discuss its possible diachroneity along strike,and reconstruct the early structural and topographic evolution of the Himalayan collided range.We define continent-continent collision as the moment when the oceanic crust is completely consumed at one point where the two continental margins come into contact.We use two methods to constrain the timing of collision onset:(1) dating the provenance change from Indian to Asian recorded by deep-water turbidites near the suture zone,and(2) dating the age of unconformities on both sides of the suture zone.The first method allowed us to constrain precisely collision onset as middle Palaeocene(59±l Ma).Marine sedimentation persisted in the collisional zone for another 20-25 Ma locally in southern Tibet,and molassic-type deposition in the Indian foreland basin did not begin until another 10-15 Ma later.Available sedimentary evidence failed to firmly document any significant diachroneity of collision onset from the central Himalaya to the western Himalaya and Pakistan so far.Based on the Cenozoic stratigraphic record of the Tibetan Himalaya,four distinct stages can be identified in the early evolution of the Himalayan orogen:(1) middle Palaeocene-early Eocene earliest Eohimalayan stage(from 59 to 52 Ma):collision onset and filling of the deep-water trough along the suture zone while carbonate platform sedimentation persisted on the inner Indian margin;(2) early-middle Eocene early Eohimalayan stage(from 52 to 41 or 35 Ma):filling of intervening seaways and cessation of marine sedimentation;(3) late Eocene-Oligocene late Eohimalayan stage(from 41 to 25 Ma):huge gap in the sedimentary record both in the collision zone and in the Indian foreland;and(4) late Oligocene-early Miocene early Neohimalayan stage(from 26 to 17 Ma):rapid Himalayan growth and onset of molasse-type sedimentation in the Indian foreland basin. 相似文献
13.
ErChie Wang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(4):626-634
There exist three mainstream opinions regarding the timing of the initial collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents,namely,65±5,45±5,and 30±5 Ma.Five criteria are proposed for determining which tectonic event was related to the initial collision between India and Asia:the rapid decrease in the rate of plate motion,the cessation of magmatic activity originating from the subduction of oceanic crust,the end of sedimentation of oceanic facies,the occurrence of intracontinental deformation,and the exchange of sediments sourced from two continents.These criteria are used to constrain the nature of these tectonic events.It is proposed that the 65±5 Ma tectonic event is consistent with some of the criteria,but the upshot of this model is that the magmatic activity originating from the Tethyan subduction since the Mesozoic restarted along the southern margin of the Asian continent in this time after a brief calm,implying that the subduction of the Neotethys slab was still taking place.The magmatic activity that occurred along the southern margin of the Asian continent had a 7-Myr break during 72-65 Ma,which in this study is interpreted as having resulted from tectonic transformation from subduction to transform faulting,indicating that the convergence between the Indian and Asian continents was once dominated by strike-slip motion.The 30±5 Ma tectonic event resulted in the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,which was related to the late stage of the convergence between these two continents,namely,a hard collision.The 45±5 Ma tectonic event is in accordance with most of the criteria,corresponding to the initial collision between these two continents. 相似文献
14.
Structural pattern of eastern Himalayan syntaxis in Namjagbarwa and its formation process 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16
ZHANG Jinjiang Jl Jianqing ZHONG Dalai DING Lin & HE Shundong. Department of Geology Peking University Beijing China . Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhang Jinjiang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(2):138-150
The structural pattern of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis in Namjagbarwa consists of two series of structures with different styles. One series compiles the earlier ductile contrac-tional and lateral-slip deformation system, formed by nearly north-south shortening within the syntaxis, left-lateral and right-lateral slipping along its western and eastern boundaries respectively. They were possibly produced by the indentation of the Indian continent into Asian continent after India-Asia collision. The peak deformation-metamorphic ages in these structures are 62-60 Ma, -23 Ma and -13 Ma. The other series is composed of ductile-brittle normal faults distributing concentrically and dipping toward the outsides of Namjagbarwa Peak. They were probably the collapse structures caused by rapid uplift in a later time and the beginning ages for the normal faulting are about 7.3-6.3 Ma. 相似文献
15.
A. N. Didenko A. Yu. Peskov A. V. Kudymov I. P. Voinova A. I. Tikhomirova M. V. Arkhipov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):733-749
The results of the paleomagnetic investigation of the sediments pertaining to the Silasinskaya Formation of the Kiselevka–Manoma terrane within the Sikhote Alin orogenic belt are presented. The ancient prefolding magnetization component is revealed: Decs = 271.7°, Incs = 52.2°, Ks = 13.5, and a 95s = 5.1° (positive fold and reversal tests); and the coordinates of the corresponding paleomagnetic pole for ~103 ± 10 Ma are calculated: Plat = 26.3°, Plong = 70.5°, dp = 4.8°, and dm = 7.0°. As a result of this study, the geodynamical settings and paleolatitudes of the formation of three objects in the northern part of Sikhote Alin orogen are established: (a) the Kiselevskaya Formation of the Kiselevka–Manoma terrane was formed 133 Ma ago at 19° N under the seamount condition on the Izanagi Plate; (b) the Silasinskaya Formation of the Kiselevka–Manoma terrane was formed 103 Ma ago at 35° N under the oceanic island arc conditions; and (c) the Utitskaya Formation of the Zhuravlevsk–Amur terrane was formed 95 Ma ago at 54° N in the active continental margin conditions. It is found that the transform continental margin of Eurasia developed in the time interval from 105 to 65 Ma ago in the regime of a left-lateral submeridional shear from 30° to 60° N. The complete attachment of the studied rocks of the Kiselevka–Manoma terrane to the Eurasia’s margin (to the Zhuravlevsk–Amur terrane) occurred at the boundary of 60–70 Ma. Simultaneously, the sense of the displacement in the submeridional shears changed from left-lateral to right-lateral with the formation of pullapart type basins (Lake Udyl’). 相似文献
16.
17.
The Kohistan–Ladakh Arc in the Himalaya–Karakoram region represents a complete section of an oceanic arc where the rocks from mantle to upper crustal levels are exposed. Generally this arc was regarded as of Jurassic–Cretaceous age and was welded to Asia and India by Northern and Southern Sutures respectively. Formation of this arc, timings of its collisions with Asia and India, and position of collision boundaries have always been controversial. Most authors consider that the arc collided with Asia first during 102–75 Ma and then with India during 55–50 Ma, whereas others suggest that the arc collided with India first at or before 61 Ma, and then the India–arc block collided with Asia ca 50 Ma. Recently published models of the later group leave several geological difficulties such as an extremely rapid drifting rate of the Indian Plate (30 ± 5 cm/year) northwards between 61–50 Ma, absence of a large ophiolite sequence and accretionary wedge along the Northern Suture, obduction of ophiolites and blueschists along the Southern Suture, and the occurrence of a marine depositional environment older than 52 Ma in the Indian Plate rocks south of the Southern Suture. We present a review based on geochemical, stratigraphic, structural, and paleomagnetic data to show that collision of the arc with Asia happened first and with India later. 相似文献
18.
BURIAL AND EXHUMATION OF THE XIGAZE FORE-ARC BASIN FROM LOW TEMPERATURE THERMOCHRONOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
The Xigaze fore-arc basin is adjacent to the Indian plate and Eurasia collision zone. Understanding the erosion history of the Xigaze fore-arc basin is significant for realizing the impact of the orogenic belt due to the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The different uplift patterns of the plateau will form different denudation characteristics. If all part of Tibet Plateau uplifted at the same time, the erosion rate of exterior Tibet Plateau will be much larger than the interior plateau due to the active tectonic action, relief, and outflow system at the edge. If the plateau grows from the inside to the outside or from the north to south sides, the strong erosion zone will gradually change along the tectonic active zone that expands to the outward, north, or south sides. Therefore, the different uplift patterns are likely to retain corresponding evidence on the erosion information. The Xigaze fore-arc basin is adjacent to the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. Its burial, deformation and erosion history during or after the collision between the Indian plate and Eurasia are very important to understand the influence of plateau uplift on erosion.
In this study, we use the apatite fission track(AFT)ages and zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He(ZHe and AHe)ages, combined with the published low-temperature thermochronological age to explore the thermal evolution process of the Xigaze fore-arc basin. The samples' elevation is in the range of 3 860~4 070m. All zircon and apatite samples were dated by the external detector method, using low~U mica sheets as external detectors for fission track ages. A Zeiss Axioskop microscope(1 250×, dry)and FT Stage 4.04 system at the Fission Track Laboratory of the University of Waikato in New Zealand were used to carry out fission track counting. We crushed our samples finely, and then used standard heavy liquid and magnetic separation with additional handpicking methods to select zircon and apatite grains.
The new results show that the ZHe age of the sample M7-01 is(27.06±2.55)Ma(Table 2), and the corresponding AHe age is(9.25±0.76)Ma. The ZHe and AHe ages are significantly smaller than the stratigraphic age, indicating suffering from annealing reset(Table 3). The fission apatite fission track ages are between(74.1±7.8)Ma and(18.7±2.9)Ma, which are less than the corresponding stratigraphic age. The maximum AFT age is(74.1±7.8)Ma, and the minimum AFT age is(18.7±2.9)Ma. There is a significant north~south difference in the apatite fission track ages of the Xigaze fore-arc basin. The apatite fission track ages of the south part are 74~44Ma, the corresponding exhumation rate is 0.03~0.1km/Ma, and the denudation is less than 2km; the apatite fission track ages of the north part range from 27 to 15Ma and the ablation rate is 0.09~0.29km/Ma, but it lacks the exhumation information of the early Cenozoic. The apatite(U-Th)/He age indicates that the north~south Xigaze fore-arc basin has a consistent exhumation history after 15Ma.
The results of low temperature thermochronology show that exhumation histories are different between the northern and southern Xigaze fore-arc basin. From 70 to 60Ma, the southern Xigaze fore-arc basin has been maintained in the depth of 0~6km in the near surface, and has not been eroded or buried beyond this depth. The denudation is less than the north. The low-temperature thermochronological data of the northern part only record the exhumation history after 30Ma because of the young low-temperature thermochronological data. During early Early Miocene, the rapid erosion in the northern part of Xigaze fore-arc basin may be related to the river incision of the paleo-Yarlungzangbo River. The impact of Great Count Thrust on regional erosion is limited. The AHe data shows that the exhumation history of the north-south Xigaze fore-arc basin are consistent after 15Ma. In addition, the low-temperature thermochronological data of the northern Xigaze fore-arc basin constrains geographic range of the Kailas conglomerate during the late Oligocene~Miocene along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. The Kailas Basin only develops in the narrow, elongated zone between the fore-arc basin and the Gangdese orogenic belt.
The southern part of the Xigaze fore-arc basin has been uplifted from the sea level to the plateau at an altitude of 4.2km, despite the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian continent and the late fault activity, but the plateau has been slowly denuded since the early Cenozoic. The rise did not directly contribute to the accelerated erosion in the area, which is inconsistent with the assumption that rapid erosion means that the orogenic belt begins to rise. 相似文献