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捷联式航空重力测量系统与平台式系统相比具有体积小、重量轻、功耗低等许多优点,近些年来取得了显著的研究进展.本文给出了捷联式航空重力测量的两种算法模型:捷联式惯性标量重力测量(SISG)和旋转不变式标量重力测量(RISG)模型,并对其误差模型作了初步讨论.利用我国首套捷联式航空重力仪SGA-WZ01在某海域的部分试验数据,对两种算法模型进行了比较分析,表明其差值之标准差对于200s的滤波长度小于0.5mGal.同时,利用两组重复测线数据估算了不同滤波尺度下的两种算法的内符合精度,表明SISG算法略优于RISG算法.对于200s和300s的滤波长度,SISG的内符合精度分别为1.06mGal和0.80mGal. 相似文献
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FIR低通差分器的设计及其在航空重力测量中的应用 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
根据契比雪夫逼近理论 ,设计了适用于航空重力测量应用的有限冲激响应 (FIR)低通差分器 ,利用模拟模型对滤波器的性能进行了验证 .基于静态GPS试验数据和某地区机载动态GPS摄影定位的实测数据 ,应用FIR低通差分器计算了载体的垂直加速度 ,计算结果表明 ,当滤波时间间隔为 1 0 0s时 ,垂直加速度的确定精度可达± 1— 2mGal. 相似文献
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利用141天GRACE卫星观测资料，包括K波段、星载加速度和卫星轨道数据，反演了80阶地球重力场模型IGGGRACE01S，该模型在半波长为500km的空间分辨率上，确定大地水准面的精度约为0012m，中长波(<80阶)精度优于重力卫星发射以前研制的重力场模型. 与EIGEN_GRACE02S、EIGEN_CHAMP03S和EGM96模型的位系数相比，该模型系数最接近于EIGEN_GRACE02S，与另两个模型差异较大. 比较几种模型确定的全球重力异常和大地水准面起伏，结果发现IGGGRACE01S与EIGEN_GRACE02S模型的计算结果比较接近，与EGM96模型结果差异较大，差别较大地区主要在南极等地区. 对于中国大陆，比较IGGGRACE01S模型（前72阶）计算的重力异常和NIMA重力异常数据（25°×25°网格），两者之间的标准偏差为48mGal. 相似文献
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本文阐述了利用分步最小二乘方法拟合视线加速度来确定月球重力异常的原理和计算步骤,并利用"Lunar Prospector"扩展任务实测的视线方向加速度数据计算了月球近区的重力异常.最后将计算结果和现今最高阶次的月球重力场模型LP165进行了比较和分析,得出标准差在纬度-75°～75°范围内为±27.354 mGal,75°～85°和-85°～-75°范围内为±61.965 mGal的精度,从而验证了该解算方法的可行性和可靠性. 相似文献
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本文概要介绍了我国航空磁力测量方法技术现状,近年来测量技术与解释方法方面的最新进展,首次介绍了我国引进国外航空重力测量系统以来的最新测量技术成果,分析了我国航空物探技术与国际上先进国家的差距,并对我国航空物探的发展趋势进行了分析与预测. 相似文献
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Optimal Model for Geoid Determination from Airborne Gravity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Two different approaches for transformation of airborne gravity disturbances, derived from gravity observations at low-elevation flying platforms, into geoidal undulations are formulated, tested and discussed in this contribution. Their mathematical models are based on Green's integral equations. They are in these two approaches defined at two different levels and also applied in a mutually reversed order. While one of these approaches corresponds to the classical method commonly applied in processing of ground gravity data, the other approach represents a new method for processing of gravity data in geoid determination that is unique to airborne gravimetry. Although theoretically equivalent in the continuous sense, both approaches are tested numerically for possible numerical advantages, especially due to the inverse of discretized Fredholm's integral equation of the first kind applied on different data. High-frequency synthetic gravity data burdened by the 2-mGal random noise, that are expected from current airborne gravity systems, are used for numerical testing. The results show that both approaches can deliver for the given data a comparable cm-level accuracy of the geoidal undulations. The new approach has, however, significantly higher computational efficiency. It would be thus recommended for real life geoid computations. Additional errors related to regularization of gravity data and the geoid, and to accuracy of the reference field, that would further deteriorate the quality of estimated geoidal undulations, are not considered in this study. 相似文献
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Numerical Studies on the Harmonic Downward Continuation of Band-Limited Airborne Gravity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the numerical stability and efficiency of methods of harmonic downward continuation from flying altitudes are treated for sampled gravity field data. The problem is first formulated in its continuous form, i.e. as the inverse solution of the spherical Dirichlet problem, and is then approximated by Gaussian quadrature to yield a finite system of linear equations. The numerical stability of this system is investigated for both error-free gravity data and for the noisy and band-limited gravity measurements usually obtained from airborne gravity surveys. It can be shown that the system becomes ill-conditioned, once the ratio between flying altitude and data sampling rate exceeds a certain limit. It can also be shown that noisy measurements tend to generate a solution that is practically useless, long before the system becomes ill-conditioned. Therefore, instead of treating the general solution of the discrete downward continuation problem, the more modest question is studied, for which range of flying altitudes and sampling rates, the numerical solution of the discrete linear system can be considered as practically useful. Practically useful will be defined heuristically as of sufficient accuracy and stability to satisfy the requirements of the user. The question will be investigated for the specific application of geoid computation from gravity data sampled at flying altitudes. In this case, a stable solution with a standard deviation of a few centimeters is required. Typical flight parameters are heights of 2–6 km, a minimum half-wavelength resolution of 2 km, and data noise between 0.5 and 1.5 mGal. Different methods of geoid determination, different solution techniques for the resulting systems of linear equations, and different minimization principles will be compared. As a result operational parameters will be defined which, for a given noise level, will result in a geoid accuracy of a few centimeters for the estimated band-limited gravity field spectrum. 相似文献
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Very early times in the order of 2–3 μs from the end of the turn‐off ramp for time‐domain electromagnetic systems are crucial for obtaining a detailed resolution of the near‐surface geology in the depth interval 0–20 m. For transient electromagnetic systems working in the off time, an electric current is abruptly turned off in a large transmitter loop causing a secondary electromagnetic field to be generated by the eddy currents induced in the ground. Often, however, there is still a residual primary field generated by remaining slowly decaying currents in the transmitter loop. The decay disturbs or biases the earth response data at the very early times. These biased data must be culled, or some specific processing must be applied in order to compensate or remove the residual primary field. As the bias response can be attributed to decaying currents with its time constantly controlled by the geometry of the transmitter loop, we denote it the ‘Coil Response’. The modelling of a helicopter‐borne time‐domain system by an equivalent electronic circuit shows that the time decay of the coil response remains identical whatever the position of the receiver loop, which is confirmed by field measurements. The modelling also shows that the coil response has a theoretical zero location and positioning the receiver coil at the zero location eliminates the coil response completely. However, spatial variations of the coil response around the zero location are not insignificant and even a few cm deformation of the carrier frame will introduce a small coil response. Here we present an approach for subtracting the coil response from the data by measuring it at high altitudes and then including an extra shift factor into the inversion scheme. The scheme is successfully applied to data from the SkyTEM system and enables the use of very early time gates, as early as 2–3 μs from the end of the ramp, or 5–6 μs from the beginning of the ramp. Applied to a large‐scale airborne electromagnetic survey, the coil response compensation provides airborne electromagnetic methods with a hitherto unseen good resolution of shallow geological layers in the depth interval 0–20 m. This is proved by comparing results from the airborne electromagnetic survey to more than 100 km of Electrical Resistivity Tomography measured with 5 m electrode spacing. 相似文献
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D. A. Robinson A. Binley N. Crook F. D. Day‐Lewis T. P. A. Ferré V. J. S. Grauch R. Knight M. Knoll V. Lakshmi R. Miller J. Nyquist L. Pellerin K. Singha L. Slater 《水文研究》2008,22(18):3604-3635
We want to develop a dialogue between geophysicists and hydrologists interested in synergistically advancing process based watershed research. We identify recent advances in geophysical instrumentation, and provide a vision for the use of electrical and magnetic geophysical instrumentation in watershed scale hydrology. The focus of the paper is to identify instrumentation that could significantly advance this vision for geophysics and hydrology during the next 3–5 years. We acknowledge that this is one of a number of possible ways forward and seek only to offer a relatively narrow and achievable vision. The vision focuses on the measurement of geological structure and identification of flow paths using electrical and magnetic methods. The paper identifies instruments, provides examples of their use, and describes how synergy between measurement and modelling could be achieved. Of specific interest are the airborne systems that can cover large areas and are appropriate for watershed studies. Although airborne geophysics has been around for some time, only in the last few years have systems designed exclusively for hydrological applications begun to emerge. These systems, such as airborne electromagnetic (EM) and transient electromagnetic (TEM), could revolutionize hydrogeological interpretations. Our vision centers on developing nested and cross scale electrical and magnetic measurements that can be used to construct a three‐dimensional (3D) electrical or magnetic model of the subsurface in watersheds. The methodological framework assumes a ‘top down’ approach using airborne methods to identify the large scale, dominant architecture of the subsurface. We recognize that the integration of geophysical measurement methods, and data, into watershed process characterization and modelling can only be achieved through dialogue. Especially, through the development of partnerships between geophysicists and hydrologists, partnerships that explore how the application of geophysics can answer critical hydrological science questions, and conversely provide an understanding of the limitations of geophysical measurements and interpretation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The construction of stormwater detention basins is a best management practice to effectively control floods, to provide additional surface storage for excess floodwater and to compensate for the adverse effects of urban development. Traditional field‐based levelling survey methods are very time consuming and subject to human‐induced arbitrariness and error. This article presents an approach to modelling detention basins measured from light detection and ranging remote sensing data. A case study is illustrated by using the White Oak Bayou watershed of Harris County, Texas. The storage–stage curve obtained from the volumetric analysis is used in a modified detention basins routing model, which was developed by adding the weir structure control to the traditional hydrologic reservoir routing equations. The model simulation showed that the peak flow of the synthetic 100‐year reoccurrence event was effectively reduced and delayed by the detention basins. The comparison with the simulation results from the traditional reservoir routing model suggested that previous studies using the reservoir routing model were likely to underestimate the flood reduction effect of detention basins. The sensitivity analysis of the parameters showed that the detention basin design and evaluation should pay more attention on the weir height and river channel's roughness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A geoid solution for airborne gravity data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Airborne gravity data is usually attached with satellite positioning of data points, which allow for the direct determination
of the gravity disturbance at flight level. Assuming a suitable gridding of such data, Hotine’s modified integral formula
can be combined with an Earth Gravity Model for the computation of the disturbing potential (T) at flight level. Based on
T and the gravity disturbance data, we directly downward continue T to the geoid, and we present the final solution for the
geoid height, including topographic corrections. It can be proved that the Taylor expansion of T converges if the flight level
is at least twice the height of the topography, and the terrain potential will not contribute to the topographic correction.
Hence, the simple topographic bias of the Bouguer shell yields the only topographic correction. Some numerical results demonstrate
the technique used for downward continuation and topographic correction. 相似文献
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Patrice E. Carbonneau 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(13):1687-1693
It has recently been demonstrated that surficial grain sizes in fluvial environments could be derived with automated methods applied to airborne digital imagery having a ground resolution of 3 cm. This letter seeks to further examine the potential of digital imagery for automated grain size mapping. In order to broaden the application of automated grain size mapping from airborne imagery, the effect of image resolution needs further study. Automated grain size mapping was attempted on an airborne digital image with a ground resolution of 10 cm. The results show that meaningful grain size information can be derived from 10 cm imagery. However, the ground resolution of the image acts as a size threshold below which no grain size information is detectable. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that future applications of automated grain size mapping will always be dependent on the ground resolution made available by the technology in use at the time of image acquisition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The National Survey and Cadastre - Denmark (KMS) has for several years produced gravity anomaly maps over the oceans derived from satellite altimetry. During the last four years, KMS has also conducted airborne gravity surveys along the coast of Greenland dedicated to complement the existing onshore gravity coverage and fill in new data in the very-near coastal area, where altimetry data may contain gross errors. The airborne surveys extend from the coastline to approximately 100 km offshore, along 6000 km of coastline. An adequate merging of these different data sources is important for the use of gravity data especially, when computing geoid models in coastal regions.The presence of reliable marine gravity data for independent control offers an opportunity to study procedures for the merging of airborne and satellite data around Greenland. Two different merging techniques, both based on collocation, are investigated in this paper. Collocation offers a way of combining the individual airborne gravity observation with either the residual geoid observations derived from satellite altimetry or with gravity derived from these data using the inverse Stokes method implemented by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). 相似文献
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Bernhard Höfle Michael Vetter Norbert Pfeifer Gottfried Mandlburger Johann Stötter 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(12):1635-1649
In recent years airborne laser scanning (ALS) evolved into a state‐of‐the‐art technology for topographic data acquisition. We present a novel, automatic method for water surface classification and delineation by combining the geometrical and signal intensity information provided by ALS. The reflection characteristics of water surfaces in the near‐infrared wavelength (1064 nm) of the ALS system along with the surface roughness information provide the basis for the differentiation between water and land areas. Water areas are characterized by a high number of laser shot dropouts and predominant low backscatter energy. In a preprocessing step, the recorded intensities are corrected for spherical loss and atmospheric attenuation, and the locations of laser shot dropouts are modeled. A seeded region growing segmentation, applied to the point cloud and the modeled dropouts, is used to detect potential water regions. Object‐based classification of the resulting segments determines the final separation of water and non‐water points. The water‐land‐boundary is defined by the central contour line of the transition zone between water and land points. We demonstrate that the proposed workflow succeeds for a regulated river (Inn, Austria) with smooth water surface as well as for a pro‐glacial braided river (Hintereisfernerbach, Austria). A multi‐temporal analysis over five years of the pro‐glacial river channel emphasizes the applicability of the developed method for different ALS systems and acquisition settings (e.g. point density). The validation, based on real time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) field survey and a terrestrial orthophoto, indicate point cloud classification accuracy above 97% with 0·45 m planimetric accuracy (root mean square error) of the water–land boundary. This article shows the capability of ALS data for water surface mapping with a high degree of automation and accuracy. This provides valuable datasets for a number of applications in geomorphology, hydrology and hydraulics, such as monitoring of braided rivers, flood modeling and mapping. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献