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1.
李波  晁洪太  王伟  冯恩国  田丹 《中国地震》2014,30(3):363-372
以山东省市级防震减灾工作为研究对象,在全国范围内组织开展了两次(2007年、2012年)地震重点监视防御区制度实施情况问卷调查,根据回收的问卷从市级防震减灾组织机构、经费投入、监测预报、震害防御、应急救援和宣传教育等6个方面14项指标人手,对比地震重点监视防御区和非地震重点监视防御区防震减灾工作在两个调查年度的发展、变化,分析研究地震重点监视防御区制度在山东省(市级)的实施现状和成效.将两个调查年度描述山东省防震减灾工作进展的主要指标与全国相应指标的均值进行了对比研究.并对防震减灾工作的“山东现象”进行了分析.  相似文献   

2.
地震重点监视防御区制度,是《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》确立的法律制度.在地震重点监视防御区制度实践方面,我国已完成第一期地震重点监视防御区方案的实施,即1996年国务院批准的1996 ~2005年全国地震重点监视防御区方案.目前,正在实施的是第二期地震重点监视防御区方案,即2006年国务院批准的2006 ~2020年全国地震重点监视防御区方案.在国家社科基金重大项目支持下,本文对1996~ 2012年全国地震重点监视防御区制度的实施现状进行了追踪,对实施成效进行了总结.从1996~ 2012年的震例和调查数据看,减灾效果明显.在此基础上,提出了完善地震重点监视防御区制度的对策与建议.  相似文献   

3.
以中国地震局在2007年和2012年组织的针对全国地震重点监视防御区的两次大规模问卷调查为依据,以东、中、西部9个省的县级防震减灾机构的工作为研究对象,在对组织机构及经费保障、监测预报能力、工程性防御能力、应急准备能力、宣传教育5个方面共16个技术指标进行统计对比的基础上,就地震重点监视防御区制度的实施情况和实施成效从时间上进行对比分析研究.结果表明,几乎所有指标均有不同程度的提高.此外,本文还针对地方防震减灾工作中存在的一些问题,给出了建议.  相似文献   

4.
地震灾害风险是中国社会可能遭遇的重大风险之一,地震灾害产生的社会风险具有显著的风险社会特征,本文从风险社会理论的视角分析了全国地震重点监视防御区制度的作用.文中梳理并整理了全国地震重点监视防御区的概念、确定的过程、全国地震重点监视防御区制度的内涵与建构过程,并以此为基础分析了全国地震重点监视防御区制度对控制我国重大社会风险的作用.本文认为,应在风险社会理论的指导下不断完善全国地震重点监视防御区制度,并将之贯彻到政府改革和社会治理的各个环节.  相似文献   

5.
石玉瑜  陈明金  刘强 《中国地震》2014,30(3):341-350
全国地震重点监视防御区制度是控制地震社会风险的重要法律制度.本文在对现行文献研究的基础上,通过对地震重点监视防御区政府职能现有制度安排研究,梳理政府职能及强化措施,研讨存在的主要问题.为加强地震重点监视防御区的政府职能,提出了中央和地方政府社会管理和公共服务职能的建议.  相似文献   

6.
地震灾害是中国社会稳定和经济发展的重大风险源,而地震风险控制是社会多元主体参与的复合型风险治理模式.本课题以风险理论为基础,在调查问卷、访谈、座谈、考察调研和现行文献研究的基础上,通过对地震重点监视防御区政府职能履行现状的研究,分析影响地震重点监视防御区制度实施的各种因素,进而提出加强地震重点监视防御区中央和地方政府社会管理和公共服务职能的政策性措施与建议,旨在完善地震重点监视防御区地震风险管理制度,形成政府社会共同应对地震社会风险,降低社会易损性,从而达到控制地震社会风险的目的.  相似文献   

7.
编者按     
<正>全国地震重点监视防御区是依据中长期地震危险性和地震风险分布确定的具有高地震风险且必须采取防震减灾强化措施的区域。全国地震重点监视防御区的空间位置和范围由国务院颁布,所采取的强化防震减灾措施由《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》和各级政府规章规定。现行全国地震重点监视防御区是2006年由国务院颁布实施的,其编制技术思路和主要工作内容已于2006年发表在本刊第22卷第3期1。为更好地实施全国地震重点监视防  相似文献   

8.
确定全国地震重点监视防御区的研究   总被引:2,自引:6,他引:2  
首先阐述确定地震重点监视防御区的分级原则(分为国家级和省级),突出重点原则(重点监视防御区面积占全国或省辖面积的较小部分,而其地震损失占总和的大部分)和科学技术思路(以地震危险性预测为基础,以灾害损失的预测为依据确定地震重点监视防御区)。其次,回顾了确定1996~2005年全国地震重点监视防御区的研究成果。回顾表明,在1996~2005年间,发生在我国大陆有监测能力地区的10次强震中,有8次发生在防御区内及其邻近地区,其经济和生命损失已分别占大陆的67%和92%。最后,简要介绍为确定2006-2020年全国地震重点监视防御区而开展的研究工作,包括基于地震学、地震地质学、大地测量学、地震工程学、社会学和预测学而进行的10年尺度的中长期地震危险预测研究,以及所得到的2006-2020年全国地震危险概率预测图、地震危险性(烈度)预测图、地震灾害损失预测图和地震危险性综合指数预测图等。  相似文献   

9.
为评估全国地震重点监视防御区制度的实施现状、成效,课题组对相关问题进行了定性和定量研究,定量研究以系列问卷调查为主,包括政府、社区和公众问卷等。本文重点说明了系列问卷调查的设计、抽样以及回收情况,并对问卷调查发现的问题做了简单介绍。  相似文献   

10.
本文从6个方面详细分析探讨了地震重点监视防御区信息公开的必要性和意义,并以行业专项课题“地震重点监视防御区工作指南和发布方案”执行过程中专门设计的“重防区管理办法和工作指南调查问卷”为基础,针对被访者对重防区信息公开的态度、信息公开途径、发布形式、发布内容、防震减灾工作应当加强的环节以及采取的强化措施进行了系统调查。通过对数据进行分析研究得出以下结论和建议:地震重防区信息应当采取逐级公开、逐步公开的方式进行,建议由国务院颁布地震重点监视防御区管理办法和工作指南,同时以政府文件下发重防区县级行政单元名单,不加密级。本文最后提出了为减轻信息公开后引起的负面影响所应实行的一些配套措施。  相似文献   

11.
解释并讨论了湖州和宁波台1993年以来的地倾斜资料,总结了震前有异常显示的6次地震。发现:①异常在现场记录资料中均有显示,异常形态的识别对预报地震有重要的意义;②能观测到异常全过程的倾斜仪与震中的距离基本符合式lgDj=0.303(MS+1.6)给出的监测能力半径,大于这个半径的台有时也能观测到异常,但多为短临异常。如果震前记录到异常的全过程,则利用单台资料可能对地震三要素进行预测。  相似文献   

12.
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.  相似文献   

13.
Summary It was shown in [5] that the flattening of parallel sections of the geoid (ϕ=const.) differs in the northern and southern hemispheres. This leads up to the idea of studying further the size and shape of the Earth and the structure of the gravity field separately for the northern and for the southern hemispheres. In this paper attention is devoted especially to the mean values of the radius-vectors, to the best fitting ellipsoid parameters and to the mean values of gravity for the whole hemispheres, on the one hand, and for their ϕ=const. sections, on the other. The symbols used are the same as in [5,6]. Address: Politickych vězňů 12, Praha 1-Nové Město.  相似文献   

14.
磁场重联是空间能量释放和转换的重要机制.静电孤立波(ESW)虽然在空间中有广泛观测,但在磁场重联附近少有直接观测,对它在磁场重联附近的特性了解甚少.通过Geotail卫星对一个磁场重联事件的观测,仔细分析了其边界层上观测到的静电孤立波的特性,并讨论了它对磁场重联的影响.研究表明,亚暴期间在磁尾发生磁场重联,重联区域的分形线附近观测到了大量的静电孤立波,其特性与在其他地方观测到的并没有显著差别,但具有更明显的非线性和孤立性的特征.它们对电子加速和能量耗散有促进作用,加速磁场重联的进程.  相似文献   

15.
Hydroxylamine concentration and localization in the Volga reservoir cascade and in the lakes of Yaroslavl province and Vladimir province were studied. It was found that, in microaerophilic zones of the most productive lakes, the rate of hydroxylamine formation is higher and its localization does not depend on the type of the limnological object (a reservoir or a lake), but is determined by the oxygen regime of the water body in question.  相似文献   

16.
简要介绍了地球介质各向异性研究的发展历程,重点介绍了国内外有关上地幔各向异性的研究工作及成果;阐述了上地幔各向异性的起源及其地球动力学意义;较详细地分析了上地幔各向异性研究的各种方法及其优缺点;论述了川滇地区各向异性研究的意义和目的,并提出了整个研究工作的内容和步骤.  相似文献   

17.
Selective chemical dissolution has been used to study the distribution of Pb and Tl in an ultrafine ?20-μm matrix separate of Allende. The matrix was exposed to high-purity reagents ranging from H2O, then HCl of increasing concentration and finally HF-HCl mixtures. A total of 17 extractions were obtained, each for a minimum period of 10 days. The isotopic compositions of the Pb released during the slow dissolution of the matrix fall into four distinct groups. The first, consisting of four extractions, released a component of terrestrial Pb isotopic composition with a total abundance of about 1 ppb. The next six extractions, which contained the bulk of the indigenous Pb and Tl corresponding to 96% and 94%, respectively, of the total matrix abundance, was of a reasonably homogeneous Pb isotopic composition with mean ratios of206Pb204Pb= 10.00and207Pb204Pb= 10.74. In the final seven extractions, the released Pb falls into two higher isotopic groupings and probably results from the dissolution of debris from chondrules and inclusions. The apparent age of the internal matrix isochron is4562 ± 14 My. The release of Pb and Tl shows a reasonable correlation with the matrix dissolution. This indicates that the Pb and Tl reside predominantly within the matrix phases rather than as a localised phase. The Tl isotopic composition of two matrix fractions and whole meteorite were measured and found to be indistinguishable from the terrestrial205Tl/203Tl ratio. Measurement of a terrestrial reagent standard in the range 1–10 ng Tl gave, for 20 analyses, a mean205Tl/203Tl ratio of2.38907 ± 0.00102 (2σ).The estimate of terrestrial Pb contamination is considerably lower than the 6–300 ppb assumed in some recent studies in order to explain the phenomenon of apparent excess radiogenic Pb in chondrites. The problem of terrestrial Pb pollution and the evidence which argues against a relatively severe and homogeneous Pb contamination of meteorites, is briefly considered. The apparent initial isotopic composition of the bulk of the indigenous Pb in the Allende matrix was found to be206Pb204Pb= 9.57and207Pb204Pb= 10.47. This is of a higher composition than the Pb in the Can?on Diablo troilite phase and further indicates that the phenomenon of apparent excess radiogenic Pb in chondrites is real.  相似文献   

18.
This paper investigates the waters of the Gulf of Papua during three cruises of the TROPICS (Tropical River Ocean Processes In Coastal Settings) programme. Plume characteristics were investigated during Leg 1 (May 1997), and estuarine properties during Leg 5a (September 1997) and Leg 7 (January 1999). During Leg 1 the plume was apparent as a well mixed layer up to 30 m deep extending offshore to a distance of 150 km off the Fly River. Lowest salinities were found off the Taruma Delta. Highest chlorophyll concentrations were found at the inner plume close to the river mouth. Dissolved phosphate and nitrate are removed in this zone, whereas silicate behaves conservatively. Primary productivity within the plume appears to rely upon recycled nutrients, with organic fractions representing the majority of the nutrient pool. In the estuaries nutrients were found to behave differently during the monsoon than during the low flow of the extremely dry conditions associated with the 1997 El Niño event. Normally the Fly is characterised by remineralisation of organic nitrogen in the upper estuary, but during drought conditions DON production and NH4+ uptake suggest that bacterial activity is more prevalent. Ocean Colour and Temperature Scanner imagery shows a number of features of the plume, but generally overestimates chlorophyll concentrations due to the effects of high suspended sediment concentrations and, to a lesser extent, coloured dissolved organic matter.  相似文献   

19.
The contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in sea waters and sediments of Tiber River estuary has been studied in 1976 and 1977.PCBs have been detected in all the samples analysed at mean levels of 0.297 ppb (1976) and 0.135 ppb (1977); these levels are much higher than those proposed as acceptable for surface waters. Contamination increases with increasing distance from the shore.HCB has been identified in only 16% of the water samples analysed and it was found absent in sediment samples.The results are discussed relative to both the levels of PCB in other sea waters and the toxicity of these products to the aquatic animals.  相似文献   

20.
在滇池福保湾不同区域应用Peeper(渗析膜式)技术,分析了底泥间隙水NH4 -N、Po43--p的垂向分布特征和近表层10cm内底泥的微生物活性(FDA)、碱性磷酸酶活性(APA),并对它们之间的相互关系进行了统计分析.结果表明,NH4 -N和Po43--p浓度自上覆水向下层间隙水呈先升后降趋势,反映它们有自间隙水向上覆水扩散的潜在危害;底泥有机质(Loss-on-Ignion,LOI)、APA和FDA活性也有从表层底泥向下层逐步降低的趋势.在空问分布上,Po43--p浓度变化为河口区>湾心区>西部沿岸区>东部沿岸区,与沉积物中LOI、APA和FDA活性的大小顺序基本相同.间隙水NH4 6-N浓度与表层10cm内底泥的APA和FDA活性具有显著正相关性(α=0.01).Po43--p浓度与底泥APA和FDA活性具有负相关性.但相关系数很低.  相似文献   

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