共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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《地震地质》2015,(4)
2008年汶川8级地震的发震构造是高角度铲形逆冲断层,伴随这种类型地震的远近场强地面运动在中国是第1次被记录到。综合汶川地震发震构造、破裂过程和强地面运动峰值加速度的资料,探讨高角度铲形逆冲断裂作用与强地面运动的关系。结果显示,龙门山断裂带内强地面运动峰值加速度明显大于断裂带外的台站,前者可达后者的2倍多。同时,该地震强地面运动具有很大的垂直分量,近断层垂直分量大于水平分量。结合远场资料,发现龙门山断裂带上盘峰值加速度垂直分量总体上大于下盘,上盘垂直分量的衰减比下盘慢。不考虑远场的高值异常,水平分量似乎也存在上盘效应,但目前无证据表明这些异常应该被剔除。另外,远场地面运动特征显示,相对于反方向,沿同震断层扩展方向(NNE)的峰值加速度水平分量衰减较慢,垂直分量的这种方向效应不明显。考虑到汶川地震破裂浅、断面陡和以垂直形变为主这3个显著的同震构造特性,近场和远场地面运动记录反映出位错类型和台站的实际断层距的控制作用。正因为汶川地震高角度铲形逆冲断裂结构的特殊性,导致其地面运动与普通逆断型地震强地面运动的同震效应在某些分量上相同,其他分量存在差异。 相似文献
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汶川地震中强震持时的特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于汶川地震断层距150 km内56个台站三分量加速度记录分析地震动重要持时的特征,并建立了持时与断层距的拟合关系。与已建立的持时公式比较,以往分析结果都大大低估了汶川地震动持时。近断层特征对地震动持时有显著影响。断层距小于30 km,上盘和下盘场点的持时明显低于平均水平;断层距大于30 km,地震动持时受到下盘效应的影响,持时较长。破裂方向性效应引起地震动持时在垂直断层方向与水平方向上的差异,同时断层破裂前方向场点的地震动持时较短,比破裂后方向场点的持时小近一倍。 相似文献
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1999年9月21日（当地时间）台湾集集7.6级地震是一个逆断层型地震．用回归分析法对台湾集集地震的加速度峰值数据进行分析，得出了这次地震的水平与垂直向的加速度峰值衰减关系．从残差分布上看，位于断层上盘和下盘上的加速度峰值与从衰减关系所得到的结果相比存在不同的系统偏差，断层上盘地表的加速度峰值较高，而下盘地表的加速度峰值较低．从这次地震的加速度峰值分布等值线图上也可以看出，加速度峰值的分布相对于断层呈现明显的不对称性，上盘衰减较慢而下盘衰减较快．在近断层强地面运动研究、地震危险性分析、设定地震研究与震害预测等工作中，应考虑可能地震的震源机制特点，以便使所用的衰减模型更能反映不同地震环境地区的地震动分布特征． 相似文献
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首先介绍了具有加权平均意义的均方根距离Drms. 与断层距Drup和发震断层距Dseis相比, 均方根距离可以真实地反映观测点与倾斜断层的整体靠近程度. 然后利用断层距、 发震断层距和均方根距离, 通过回归分析分别对1999年集集地震加速度峰值的上下盘效应进行研究. 残差分析表明上盘的加速度峰值明显大于相同断层距或发震断层距处下盘的加速度峰值, 而相同均方根距离处的上下盘观测点的加速度峰值没有明显差异. 这说明上下盘效应是一种由于倾斜断层的不对称分布引起的几何效应, 因此进行地震动衰减分析时, 如果采用均方根距离作为观测点与断层之间的距离标准, 上下盘效应对近断层地震动的影响可以忽略. 相似文献
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地震荷载作用下,断层两侧边坡稳定性一直是研究重点,本文主要探讨动态加载对不同位置坡体产生的地震动效应。首先,建立一个截面大小为500 km×100 km的有限元二维动态铲形断层模型,在地表断层两侧构建对称边坡来模拟滑坡地形。然后加载脉冲震源,通过对震源(深度为14 km)处节点指定加速度的方法,模拟计算地震发生后100 s内地震波传播对距断层分别为1 km,30 km及100 km的不同边坡震动产生的影响。结果显示:边坡震动强度随着震源距的增加而快速衰减,下盘的衰减比上盘更为强烈;距断层相同位置处,上盘比下盘振动幅度大;相同山体的不同位置上,水平方向振幅随断层距增大而衰减;垂直方向振幅,相同高程处的振幅相近,高程越高振幅相对减小;随着断层距的增加,山体的水平和垂直方向振幅都逐渐变小;震源距较远位置处的振幅比近震源位置小很多,说明近震位置处振动强度大,即在同等地质条件下,近断层的上盘区域更易发生滑坡。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2016,(2)
芦山地震的发震构造迄今为止仍不明确。文中基于中国地震局地震预测研究所2008—2009年间布设于龙门山断裂带南段的流动地震台站观测剖面、芦山地震余震精定位结果等地球物理资料对深部构造单元进行了分析;同时基于阶地变形资料、遥感资料、区域地质资料等手段对地表构造变形进行了分析;综合两者建立芦山地震的构造变形模式并研究芦山地震的发震构造。初步认为由于断层面倾角的差异,芦山地震的构造变形模式和中北段与汶川地震有关的主要破裂段的变形模式有所不同。南段前山断裂近直立的断层面最终以对下盘的挤压作用为主,并在下盘地块内形成逆冲断层引发了芦山地震;而北段中央断裂陡倾的断层面使得仍然以上盘的逆冲作用为主。新生逆冲断层的上盘形成了1个活动背斜,第四纪以来该活动背斜之上的阶地面已经发生了显著的变形,该断层最新的1次活动导致了芦山地震的发生。大溪乡与太平镇之间向SE方向凸出的弧形断层段长期以来已经累积了巨大的位移量或构造变形量,是应变释放、构造运动都集中发生的段。芦山地震只是这种构造模式的长期演化过程中的1次地震事件,未来南段前山断裂下盘的这些新生活动逆冲断层仍然具有发生类似地震的危险性。 相似文献
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选取分布在北川-映秀中央断裂两侧断层距120 km以内的40个强震动台站的记录,对汶川地震近断层地震动竖向和水平向加速度峰值、速度峰值、竖向和水平向加速度反应谱及谱比值进行了统计分析.研究表明:(1)地震动加速度峰值有显著的上盘效应,经验衰减模型的结果表明,在距地表破裂3~60 km的范围内,龙门山发震断层上盘一侧竖向与水平向的加速度峰值要比衰减模型得到的平均值大30%~40%.上盘的加速度峰值残差大部分是正值,而断层下盘残差大部分为负;水平地震动的东西分量幅值总体要大于南北分量,东西分量衰减相对较慢.(2)地震动长周期成分较弱,加速度反应谱值随周期增大而迅速减小,在周期1.0 s 时,即使在靠近中央断裂的最大加速度反应谱值也只有0.5 g;地震动加速度反应谱谱比值(竖向/水平向)沿龙门山断层周围的分布,在较长周期(T=0.2 s, 0.5 s, 1.0 s)与短周期(T=0.05 s, 0.1 s)有明显的不同.(3)近断层竖向地震动显著,地震动加速度峰值比在(竖向/水平向)可达1.4.在龙门山发震断层的上盘,地震动加速度峰值比整体上比下盘要大,竖向地震动尤为剧烈.部分近断层记录的地震动谱比值(竖向/水平向)在短周期(< 0.1 s)甚至超过1.5,统计分析还表明谱比值在短周期段(< 0.1 s)随断层距的增大而减小. 相似文献
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The 2008 MS8 Wenchuan earthquake occurs on a high angle listric thrust fault. It is the first time that the near and far field strong ground motion was observed for such special type thrust earthquake. This paper jointly interprets the distribution of peak acceleration of ground motion data with seismogenic structure and slip propagating process to investigate how high angle listric thrust fault controls the pattern of strong ground motion. We found that the distribution of peak acceleration of strong ground motion during the Wenchuan earthquake has four distinctive features: 1)The peak acceleration of ground motion inside the Longmenshan fault zone is large, that is, nearly twice as strong as that outside the fault zone; 2)This earthquake produces significant vertical ground motion, prevailing against horizontal components in the near field; 3)The far field records show that the peak acceleration is generally higher and attenuates slower versus station-fault distance in the hanging wall. It is doubtful that the attenuation of horizontal components also has the hanging wall effect since no evidence yet proving that the unexpected high value at long distance need be omitted; 4)As to the attenuation in directions parallel to the source fault(Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault), the far field records also exhibit azimuthal heterogeneity that the peak acceleration of horizontal components decreases slower in the north-northeastern direction in which the co-seismic slip propagates than that in the backward way. However, the attenuation of vertical component displays very weak heterogeneity of this kind. Synthetically considered with shallow dislocation, high dip angle, and prevailing vertical deformation during co-seismic process of the Wenchuan earthquake, our near and far field ground motion records reflect the truth that the magnitude of ground motion is principally determined by slip type of earthquake and actual distance between the slipping source patches and stations. As a further interpretation, the uniqueness of high angle listric thrust results in that the ground motion effects of the Wenchuan earthquake are similar to that due to a common thrust earthquake in some components while differ in the others. 相似文献
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2013年芦山MS7.0地震震源参数特征 及近断层强地面运动初步估计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2013年4月20日在我国四川省雅安市芦山县发生了MS7.0地震, 破坏最严重的宝兴、 芦山等极震区烈度达到Ⅷ—Ⅸ度. 该文针对芦山MS7.0地震震源参数的特征, 结合相关经验关系, 对本次地震的震源特征进行了初步分析. 结果表明, 芦山MS7.0地震为断层动态摩擦过程中的应力下调模式. 进一步应用Brune圆盘模型对芦山MS7.0地震近场强地面运动的理论值进行估算, 并基于加速度和速度的估算结果计算极震区的最大烈度, 约为Ⅷ—X度, 与实测的极震区最大烈度Ⅸ度较为接近. 选取宝兴和芦山为特征计算点, 构建动态复合震源模型, 对近断层区域内宝兴和芦山两个特征点进行了模拟计算. 模拟结果显示, 近断层区域强地面运动呈现持续时间短、 高频成分多等特征. 相似文献
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Characteristics of amplitude and duration for near fault strong ground motion from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A great number of free-field ground motion records are obtained during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Records from 130 near fault free-field stations within 55 km to the causative fault surface are used as database, and characteristics of earthquake peak ground acceleration, velocity, displacement and duration are analyzed. According to this study, near fault ground motions are strongly affected by distance to fault, fault rupture directivity, site condition, as well as thrust of hanging wall. Compared with empirical strong ground motion attenuation relations used in China, US and Japan, the PGAs and PGVs recorded in this earthquake are not as large as what we have expected for a large earthquake as magnitude 7.6. However, the largest PGV and PGD worldwide were recorded in this event, which are 292 cm/s and 867 cm, respectively. Caused by nonlinear site effects of soil, peaks and corresponding ratios on E-class site were markedly different from those on other sites. Just as observed in historic earthquakes, fault rupture directivity effects caused significant differences between peaks of ground motion of two horizontal components, but took very slight effects on the duration of ground motion. The significant velocity pulses associated with large PGVs and PGDs, as well as large permanent displacements, which may result from the large thrust of the hanging wall, became the outstanding character of this event. Based on this study, we point out that 3D waveform modeling is needed to understand and predict near fault ground motion of large earthquakes. 相似文献
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利用强震数据获取汶川地震近断层地面永久位移 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用汶川地震中得到的靠近映秀—北川主断裂的64个强震台站的三分量记录数据, 对加速度记录进行基线校正的基础上获取近断层地面运动的永久形变位移, 并将由强震记录获取到的地面位移结果与GPS观测到的同震位移进行对比分析, 研究汶川MS8.0地震的近断层地面运动的位移特征. 结果表明: ① 在靠近映秀—北川主断层的上盘和下盘, 东西相向的地面运动非常剧烈. 下盘的51SFB, 51MZQ和51JYH台东西向位移均为负(即地面运动向西), 其中51SFB台位移量最大, 达到1.49 m; 上盘的51WCW台位移向东, 位移量为1.26 m. ② 地面运动的位移分布主要表现为以龙门山断裂带的映秀—北川断裂为核心的相向运动, 东西方向上的永久位移要大于南北方向. 从断层机制上来讲, 断层的错动以逆冲运动为主(即逆冲位移要大于走滑分量的位移), 这与震源机制反演及地质考察的结果一致. ③ 大的地面永久位移集中分布在以龙门山断裂带为中心的狭长范围内, 离开发震断裂地面位移的衰减很快. 相比而言, 在发震断层的下盘一侧(即四川盆地)的地面位移的衰减比上盘一侧明显要快. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(12)
The Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 is the most destructive earthquake in China in the past 30 years in terms of property damage and human losses. In order to understand the earthquake process and the geo-morphological factors affecting the seismic hazard, we simulated the strong ground mo-tion caused by the earthquake, incorporating three-dimensional (3D) earth structure, finite-fault rupture, and realistic surface topography. The simulated ground motions reveal that the fault rupture and basin structure control the overall pattern of the peak ground shaking. Large peak ground velocity (PGV) is distributed in two narrow areas: one with the largest PGV values is above the hanging wall of the fault and attributed to the locations of fault asperities and rupture directivity; the other is along the north-western margin of the Sichuan Basin and caused by both the directivity of fault rupture and the ampli-fication in the thick sediment basin. Rough topography above the rupture fault causes wave scattering, resulting in significantly larger peak ground motion on the apex of topographic relief than in the valley. Topography and scattering also reduce the wave energy in the forward direction of fault rupture but increase the PGV in other parts of the basin. These results suggest the need for a localized hazard as-sessment in places of rough topography that takes the topographic effects into account. Finally, had the earthquake started at the northeast end of the fault zone and ruptured to the southwest, Chengdu would have suffered a much stronger shaking than it experienced on 12 May, 2008. 相似文献
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以芦山地震震中距100km内20个台站的60条原始强震记录为依据,采用零交法计算台站处三方向卓越周期,采用线性加速法计算台站处阻尼比为0.05的三方向反应谱,考察反应谱峰值周期、卓越周期和放大系数在各台站位置处的分布以及在断裂上、下盘的均值。通过研究发现:芦山地震动卓越周期、反应谱峰值周期和放大系数在各台站不同方向上的分量不同;各台站处反应谱的计算表明地震动具有上盘效应以及上盘衰减迅速的特征;地震动卓越周期在芦山地震震中100km的上、下盘上差别不大,其中上盘EW和UD向卓越周期均值略小于下盘,而上盘NS向均值略大于下盘,断裂两盘UD向卓越周期总体小于水平向,断裂两盘三方向卓越周期变化范围为0.013~0.275s;计算得到的放大系数表明80%台站NS向放大系数大于EW向,因此NS向放大系数较大可能是芦山地震诱发崩滑地质灾害的主要因素。 相似文献
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The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with Mw7.9 occurred at Yingxiu County in Longmenshan thrust fault belt, southwest China, having triggered a huge amount of slope failures. This paper applied a detailed inventory with more than 190,000 slope failures and strong ground motion records of 187 seismic stations to analyze the qualitative and quantitative relations between slope failure distribution and seismic parameters. The results revealed that slope failure distribution was exponentially decreased with the increment of epicentral distance and distance from surface fault rupture; peak ground acceleration (PGA) on the hanging wall side was apparently larger than that on footwall side. Linear correlation between concentration of slope failures (LNC) and the percentage of the area affected by slope failure (LAP) and PGA was demonstrated by statistical analysis, which revealed that 0.18~0.21 g horizontal PGA was the threshold value of the occurrence of slope failure. Furthermore, this paper presented an empirical model for the attenuation relation of slope failure distribution. 相似文献