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1.
活塞-圆桶式固体介质高温高压实验容器的压力标定方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
固体介质压力标定一般分为2方面。其一是轴压标定,最有效的方法是轴压活塞反复前进和后退,根据活塞循环来获得摩擦力的大小,其中有2个关键环节:1)活塞和样品接触点的确定;2)动摩擦力的确定。其二是围压标定,最有效的方法是利用矿物相变,适用于固体压机压力标定的相变有:石英-柯石英相变、钠长石-硬玉+石英相变,其适合温压范围分别为:500~1200℃、2.5~3.2GPa,600~1200℃、1.6~3.2GPa。我们对2GPa固体介质高温高压实验设备进行了轴压标定,在不同温度、围压、活塞速率等条件下进行了实验,结果表明:围压、温度、活塞运动速率等因素都对动摩擦力有不同程度的影响。因此,轴压标定应该针对不同的实验条件分别进行 相似文献
2.
A Servohydraulically-controlled Deformation Apparatus for Rock Deformation under Conditions of Ultra-high Pressure Metamorphism 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
E. Rybacki J. Renner K. Konrad W. Harbott F. Rummel B. Stöckhert 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1998,152(3):579-606
—A deformation apparatus has been developed to study the mechanical behaviour of high pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks. It is based on the conventional Griggs design and the molten salt cell concept introduced by H. E. Green II. Both, the axial loading and the confining pressure are servohydraulically controlled. Alternatively, a self-made multilayer pressure vessel or a commercial stripwound construction are used. The pressure cell is improved with respect to systems described previously by the use of different salt mixtures with low eutectic temperatures, by a mechanically stable arrangement of the thermocouples, and by an optimization of the frictional characteristics of the axial loading system. The apparatus has been successfully used in deformation experiments on cylindrical aragonite and coesite samples 3 to 4 mm in diameter and 6 to 10 mm in length at confining pressures up to 3.7 GPa and temperatures up to 1170°C. 相似文献
3.
The composition of carbonate, sulphate, halide and other phases trapped as fluid inclusions in apatite crystals in ijolite and urtite from sub-volcanic complexes in East Africa have been determined using the electron micro-probe. The bulk composition of these inclusions is alkali-rich and closely comparable to the natrocarbonatite lava from the active volcano of Oldoinyo Lengai in N. Tanzania. The inclusions are interpreted as having been originally immiscible alkali carbonate-rich droplets within a nephelinitic melt. The evidence suggests that magma of the composition of natrocarbonatite lava is that most likely for the parent magma during carbonatite petrogenesis. 相似文献
4.
J. P. Cull 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1976,114(2):301-307
Summary A transient line source technique has been modified to allow the measurement of thermal parameters in small samples within the confines of high pressure apparatus. Sample preparation is considerably simplified and for conductivity measurements exact dimensions are not required. The pressure derivative of thermal conductivity has been determined for polyethylene and for KCl and shows good agreement with previously published data and supports a linear dependence. 相似文献
5.
孔隙压岩石三轴摩擦实验装置是研究孔隙压对岩石滑动面摩擦性状影响的专用设备.该设备包括孔隙压岩石三轴实验装置和岩石摩擦装置两部分.摩擦装置由上、下压头,密封套筒和具有内部滑动块体的岩石样品组成.滑动面宽20×20mm、高40mm 的长方体,滑动面宽20mm、高30mm.最大孔隙压P_(max)=100MPa,最大位移L_(max)=10mm.应用该装置将三轴条件下样品之间的斜向摩擦滑动变为轴向滑动.滑动面上的法向压力σ_n=σ_3,即σ_n 变为与轴压无关的独立变量. 相似文献
6.
在强震状态下,建筑物的横拉承压受力较为复杂,另外由于建筑物形状及在地震中受力面积大小不同,在强震下造成碰撞大小影响不一导致其横拉承压力的随机复杂性十分突出。传统的建筑承压负荷检测方法中钢筋负荷受力测量能力不足,检测结果易出现误差。将建筑钢筋的机械性能设为理想弹塑性,利用建筑物横拉承压力钢筋负荷测量方法,对不同结构、不同工况的建筑钢筋载荷的变化规律进行测试分析,结合建筑局部承压特点和整体结构聚力方式,设计横拉承压力钢筋负荷检测方法,并进行仿真实验,结果表明该方法模型所得数据更加精准,有良好的适用性。 相似文献
7.
原状黄土的反压饱和法试验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
含水量是黄土液化特性研究中的一个至关重要的参数,对原状黄土进行充分饱和是饱和黄土动三轴试验中一个不可回避的课题。以WF公司生产的WF12440型空心圆柱扭剪仪为实验平台,运用反压饱和法,对室内原状黄土进行了饱和试验研究。该仪器提供3种不同加压方式增加围压和反压（孔压）,即手动加压、自动加压和线性持续加压,通过检测孔隙压力系数B值是否达到0.95以上来判断黄土是否完全饱和。试验表明,即便是初始饱和度较低的原状黄土,也可以采用反压饱和法,在较短的时间内使孔压系数B值达到0.95以上,实现完全饱和,具体可以采用线性连续加压方式;初始压力差,即围压和反压之差一般可设为10 kPa,起始围压也设为10 kPa,太大或太小都会对试样造成破坏;如果孔压在1分钟内的变化值小于围压和反压之间压力差的5%,则认为孔压稳定,即可进行B值检测。 相似文献
8.
设计和研制一台大型智能控制压扭多轴加载试验机,形成一个集动静加载、扭剪、常规三轴等功能为一体的多功能土动力试验平台。该试验机具有如下特点:(1)试样尺寸大,高度可达600mm,且可根据试验需求更换大小不同的试样及相应传感器;(2)加载自由度多,可独立施加轴力、扭矩、内压、外压、孔压及相应的位移,实现5个不同物理量的独立控制,从而大大拓宽可施加的应力路径范围;(3)控制智能化,可先将拟进行的应力路径或应变路径写入程序中,试验过程中即可由计算机自动控制。测试结果表明,该试验机的控制精度能够满足土工材料试验的要求。 相似文献
9.
The stability of individual soil aggregates to impacting water drops is now regarded as a fundamental parameter required in any soil erodibility assessment. This stability has been measured by the use of single drop rainfall simulators, the characteristics and operation of which have, in the past, shown considerable variation. The drop sizes, impact frequency, drop fall height, chemistry of drop-forming liquid, aggregate pretreatment, and definition of breakdown affect the way in which the apparatus can be used to define stability. Within this paper each one of these characteristics is considered and a piece of apparatus proposed which is believed to give results with increased consistency and replicability. The described apparatus can be readily reproduced in any laboratory situation, and has the added advantage of being not only appropriate for the measurement of indices of stability, but also of providing an environment in which the mechanisms of aggregate breakdown can be investigated. 相似文献
10.
Sine sweep and earthquake excitation tests have been performed on a one-story spatial steel frame building equipped with two
identical semi-active assemblies described and fully characterized in a companion paper. The tests allowed identifying and
validating simple mathematical models of the building in its passive configurations as well as in semi-active operation according
to an energy storing and suddenly dissipating algorithm. In order to eliminate or at least attenuate the detrimental effects
of control delays due to adopted software, electronic apparatus and mechanical inertia of variable dampers' moving parts,
a simple ‘sine-fit’ prediction method was conceived, evaluated and adopted in subsequent tests. It is shown that, with adequate
anticipation of device operation, the selected control algorithm produces a satisfactory reduction of building response compared
to that obtained in passive configurations, with overall system efficiency practically independent of the earthquake input
and related only to the properties of the semi-active assembly.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
利用加水湿拌和泥浆搅拌2种方法对木质素改良黄土试样先进行均匀混合,后利用静压法在50mm×100mm圆柱形模具中两端压实制备试样,基于三轴仪对不同制样方法下改良土试样进行无侧限抗压强度试验和固结不排水三轴试验。试验结果表明:泥浆制样法获得改良土试样无侧限抗压强度值和固结不排水剪切强度值均高于加水湿拌法获得改良土试样强度值。结合扫描电镜试验对不同制样方法下改良土试样细观结构进行分析,发现对于木质素改良土,泥浆搅拌法获得的试样中木质素与黄土颗粒形成了新的胶结物和团聚物;而加水湿拌法获得试样中,木质素在土颗粒中仅起到加筋作用,未出现新的胶结物。该结果从微结构角度揭示了2种制样法制备试样的本质差异。 相似文献
12.
降低高原地震台仪器设备接地电阻的技术措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
良好的接地条件是地震台仪器设备正常工作的基本保证。通过对四川省部分高原地震台仪器、设备一般接地装置的技术性能、接地材料、改进及维护等方面进行总结之后,提出了改善接地条件的几项有效措拖:(1)保证构架接地体部位有良好的焊接质量;(2)更换接地线的掩埋土壤;(3)在掩埋土壤中添加降阻材料;(4)后续使用中灌水改善引线接地条件。 相似文献
13.
An important operation parameter in the design of a pulsed air sparging (PAS) system is the pulse duration (PD). To study the effect of the PD on the remediation process, a series of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were performed. The experimental apparatus was a cylindrical tank, packed with fine sand and partially filled by water contaminated with toluene. Toluene concentrations in water and in effluent air were measured over time during the application of PAS, which was applied with three different PD. Next, the T2VOC model, an extension of the TOUGH2 simulation program, was used to simulate the two-phase flow and transport processes for these cases. The simulation model was calibrated to the experimental results, and then run with a range of PD values. Results showed that there exists an optimal PD which yields the highest remediation efficiency. Next, it was shown that this PD may be obtained by performing a PAS pilot test and measuring the groundwater pressure response in a monitoring well. The characteristic time which describes the exponential decay of the pressure response was shown to provide an adequate estimate for the optimal PD. The estimation improved by taking a number of injection cycles. 相似文献
14.
顾本立 《CT理论与应用研究》1994,3(1):1-5
骨质疏松症是一种常见的代谢性骨病，其诊断的主要依据为骨密度降低。目前的测量骨密度方法在精度、剂量方面不很理想．本文介绍一种外周型高精度小型ＣＴ，精度高、剂量低是一种较理想的测定骨密度的仪器。文中介绍了提高精度和降低剂量的措施，以及仪器在临床应用试验的情况和结果，此仪器并可扩展应用于骨结构分析。 相似文献
15.
Shaking table tests were conducted to investigate the response of rectangular wooden blocks and block assemblies of various sizes and slenderness to harmonic and earthquake base excitation. The shaking tests were followed by an analytical and a numerical study of response of single blocks and block assemblies. The analytical study was aimed at establishing criteria for the initiation of rocking and of overturning in response to harmonic base motion and consisted of solving numerically the differential equations of motion of a rigid block on a rigid foundation. The numerical study, in the course of which the response of both single blocks and block assemblies was examined, was implemented by means of the Distinct Element Method (DEM). Prior to the DE simulation of actual shaking tests, preliminary analyses were conducted to confirm numerical stability and to evaluate material and damping parameters. Comparing the recorded time histories with those given by the analytical study and the DE simulation, good agreement was found. The distinct element model in use appeared to follow the highly non-linear motion of rigid body assemblies faithfully to reality. On the basis of the results, provided that the necessary parameters are carefully estimated, the employed DE model can be regarded as an appropriate tool to simulate response of rigid body assemblies to dynamic base excitation. 相似文献
16.
17.
Abstract We first define the interstitial pressure and the suction for sands and clays. Due to differences in behaviour of these two types of soils, the general equations for flow will be different. Next, we consider the general aspect of experimental measurements of interstitial pressure with tensiometers, taking into account the apparatus characteristics, and the properties of the materials. One of the most important conclusion is as follows: the response time of the apparatus and of the whole system are functions of the soil conductivity and of the slope of the moisture characteristics. Moreover, the response time is not a constant; it is thus quite difficult to make corrections in tensiometer measurements. 相似文献
19.
Ataollah Kavian Maziar Mohammadi Artemi Cerdà Moghadaseh Fallah Leila Gholami 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(3):350-360
The Simulator of Artificial RaInfall (SARI) rainfall simulator (RS) is a newly designed, constructed and calibrated, portable, two-nozzle RS with low water consumption, accurate measurement, easy management and low cost. The raindrop size distribution and velocity and mean rainfall intensity were measured. The best rainfall spatial distribution was achieved with nozzles separated by 50, 60 and 70 cm, and with oscillation angles of 30, 45 and 60°, at a pressure of 60 kPa. The uniformity coefficient varied from 57 to 61% and rainfall intensity from 48 to 101 mm h?1. The raindrop diameter varied from 0.2 to 9.9 mm. The raindrop velocity at the optimum pressure of 60 kPa, which was measured with high-speed photography, ranged from 1.1 to 7.1 m s?1. Comparison with other RSs shows that the SARI simulator is a suitable apparatus to research soil erosion and runoff generation under laboratory and field conditions. 相似文献
20.
Tadashi Kondo Hiroshi Sawamoto Akira Yoneda Manabu Kato Akihito Matsumuro Takehiko Yagi Takumi Kikegawa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,141(2-4):601-611
A new multi-anvil type high-presure apparatus has been developed using sintered diamond anvils to generate pressures over 30 GPa and temperatures up to about 2000°C. A maximum sample volume of about 1 mm3 is available in this system. The pressure was confirmed by dissociation of forsterite into Mg-perovskite and periclase. The basic techniques and problems in utilizing sintered diamond in the MA8 type high-pressure apparatus are discussed with an emphasis on the future prospect of incorporating simultancous X-ray diffraction observation. 相似文献