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根据武威盆地 7条河流的阶地测量资料和测年数据探讨了河流阶地变形与新构造活动的关系。河流阶地的变形特征反映出新构造活动的方式 ,断层活动以逆冲为主 ,河流阶地的错断状况表明活动断层活动的次数 ,盆地西部活动至少有 7次 ,东部活动至少有 5次 ;同时可表明断层活动的幅度与强度 ,以及不同时期活动强烈区具有迁移变化的特点。武威盆地晚更新世以来发育的第四纪断层主要有 3条 ,各条断裂活动次数、强度不尽相同 ,以山前断裂活动最为强烈 ,至今活动仍未停息。 6 0ka前后西部活动强烈 ,2 0ka以来东强西弱 相似文献
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《地震工程学报》2017,(Z1)
利用银川盆地及周边地区1999—2007年的GPS数据,研究了该区域现今地壳水平速度场特征,根据区域地壳主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率的空间变化以及小震分布特征,结合该地区的地质构造背景,对黄河断裂的南北段差异特征及盆地构造动力和地震危险性分析研究,结果表明:研究区内GPS测站主要运移方向为E-SE向。贺兰山东麓断裂和黄河断裂北段以拉张兼走滑运动为主,而黄河断裂南段以走滑运动为主,盆地整体处于剪切拉分断陷环境;银川盆地比周围块体的主应变率大,最大主应变方向为NW向,以张应变为主,结合面膨胀率和最大剪应变率也都显示盆地内存在较强的拉张和剪切变形,盆地内地震主要分布在南部地区;主应变率、面膨胀率、最大剪应变率和小震活动性均说明黄河断裂南段比北段活动性强;银川盆地地壳变形程度高,而周边稳定块体变形弱,黄河断裂和贺兰山东麓断裂分别位于应变强弱变化的东、西边界上,断裂具有较强的应变积累,表现出较高程度的地震危险性。 相似文献
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黄河在宁夏沙坡头形成了"几"字形河曲地貌,并在河曲凸岸发育了3级河流阶地。本文针对沙坡头大弯河流阶地特征、阶地年龄,以及大拐弯的成因进行了分析,探讨本区地貌发育的机制。结果表明:(1)沙坡头大弯3级河流阶地形成的主要原因是构造抬升作用,气候变化对此处阶地形成的作用不明显。在区域新构造活动强烈的背景下,约中更新世末期中卫盆地开始抬升,黄河河道被固定,河流下切形成本区的最高阶地T3;约在70kaB.P.、8kaB.P.形成T2、T1阶地。(2)沙坡头黄河大拐弯是由香山—天景山断裂左旋走滑位错,以及水流受地球自转偏向力的河流内生动力共同作用的结果,并且河流的内生动力作用远大于前者的贡献。 相似文献
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牛首山-罗山断裂带是青藏高原东北缘最外侧的一条断裂带,其空间分布、深部结构、运动学特征以及变形机制对研究青藏高原东北角弧形断裂系的形成与演化具有重要意义。文中通过对横穿牛首山-罗山的4条地震反射剖面的解释及断裂带部分地区大比例尺的构造地质填图,发现牛首山-罗山断裂带具有不连续性与分段性。断裂带南段罗山断裂以正花状构造为特征,显示断裂具有右旋走滑性质;中段牛首山东麓断裂可能并不存在,该区以强烈的褶皱变形为特征;北段三关口断裂则以左旋走滑为特征。牛首山-罗山断裂带的这种不连续性和分段性反映了断裂带的不同构造部位在青藏高原向NE方向扩展过程中具有不同的变形样式。 相似文献
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涉县断裂为太行山隆起区内涉县盆地的控盆构造,走向由NE转为近EW向,倾向NW/N,中部在井店东被EW向断裂错断,是控制涉县盆地的一组断裂。本文采用地质地貌调查、河流阶地分析和地质测年等方法,研究了涉县断裂晚第四纪活动特征。研究发现,涉县断裂带由多组断裂构成,带宽约200m,在清漳河两侧表现为山前的陡崖地貌、基岩破碎变形带,具有正断兼走滑特征,在基岩变形带上部发育走向NNE向和NWW向次级滑动面,次级滑动面错断第四系黄土,最新活动到晚更新世;断裂在盆地区通过,地表形成低缓陡坎,断裂错断Q2-3地层,表现为上陡下缓的正断层。通过对涉县断裂两侧清漳河河流阶地、夷平面和地层年龄综合分析,估算涉县断裂晚更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.06～0.08mm/a,中更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.22～0.34mm/a,垂直差异活动主要发生于中更新世期间。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2017,(6)
继2013年芦山MS7.0地震发生之后,龙门山断裂带南段的地震危险性得到了广泛的关注。为了深化对龙门山断裂带南段晚第四纪活动性的认识,我们对横跨该断裂带的青衣江上游河段开展了河流阶地调查与测量。在卫星影像和高分辨率DEM分析的基础上,基于SCGNSS(Sichuan Global Navigation Satelite System,四川省卫星定位连续运行基准服务平台)对河流阶地进行了精细测量和对比,开展了河流阶地的光释光测年,建立了青衣江上游河流阶地纵剖面图。耿达-陇东断裂、盐井-五龙断裂和小关子断裂(大川-双石断裂西支)均垂直断错了青衣江二级以上阶地,表现为逆冲活动,其晚第四纪平均垂直错动速率分别为0.21~0.30mm/a、0.12~0.21mm/a和0.10~0.12mm/a。晚第四纪以来,大川-双石断裂东支垂直错动不明显,金汤弧形构造带没有活动。通过青衣江河流阶地变形得到龙门山断裂带南段冲断带晚第四纪地壳缩短速率为0.48~0.77mm/a,该缩短速率约为龙门山断裂带中段的一半。结合前人对前陆区构造变形的研究,认为龙门山南段前陆褶皱带可能吸收了一半以上的地壳缩短量。龙门山断裂带南段3条主要分支断裂均为晚第四纪活动断裂,具有发生强震的危险性。 相似文献
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断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及现今GPS观测揭示了青藏高原向北扩展与高原边缘隆升的运动特征.主要断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及跨断裂GPS应变速率的结果表明，青藏高原北部边缘的断裂以低滑动速率（＜10 mm/a）为主，特别是两条边界断裂：阿尔金断裂和海原—祁连山断裂.两条主要边界断裂上的滑动速率分布显示了断裂间滑动速率转换及调整特征.阿尔金断裂自95°E以西的8～12 mm/a稳定滑动速率，向东逐渐降低到最东端的约1～2 mm/a，而海原断裂自哈拉湖一带开始发育后滑动速率为1～2 mm/a，到祁连一带（101°E以东）增大到相对稳定的4～5 mm/a，直到过海原后转向六盘山一带，滑动速率降低到1～3 mm/a，甚至更低.滑动速率的变化及分布特征显示，阿尔金断裂滑动主要是通过祁连山内部隆起及两侧新生代盆地变形引起的缩短来吸收的，海原—祁连山断裂的低滑动速率及沿断裂运动学特征表明断裂尾端的陇西盆地变形及六盘山的隆起是断裂左旋走滑速率的主要吸收方式.这一变形特征表明，青藏高原北部边缘的变形模式是一种分布式的连续变形，变形发生自高原内部，边界断裂的走滑被高原内部变形所吸收. 相似文献
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黄河中上游河段是横贯整个“柴达木 -祁连山活动地块”的贯流水系。通过对青海共和至宁夏石嘴山段长约 180 0km的黄河中上游阶地的系统考察、阶地剖面实测和年代测定 ,绘制了该河段的阶地纵剖面图。综合分析各段的阶地级数、高度、年代及变形特征得到以下认识 :该流域可划分为若干个次级活动地块 ,表现在不同地块之间的阶地抬升幅度和速率存在较大差别 ;活动地块内部在较大程度上具刚性特征 ,表现在块体内部阶地级数、高度和形成年代基本相当 ;阶地纵剖面反映的本区活动地块自 1.6MaB .P .以来的抬升量大于 3.6～ 1.6MaB .P .的抬升量 ;柴达木 -祁连山活动地块距今 1万年以来和 15～ 2 0万年间存在 2次强烈的构造抬升运动 相似文献
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以柴达木盆地新构造运动发生的期次、黄河兰州谷地出现的突出构造事件、阿尔金断裂带第四纪所经历的大运动阶段、攀西裂谷区新构造运动分期、北京地区南段新构造运动波动、全国一些地区断裂活动时序等为例证,再次证明了第四纪以来中国大陆地壳活动具有明显的时段性,４次强烈的构造活动分别发生在上新世末至早更新世初、早更新世中晚期、中更新世中晚期和全新世。其中,以中更新世中晚期地壳活动强度最大、波及范围最广 相似文献
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THE LATE QUATERNARY TECTONIC DEFORMATION REVEALED BY THE TERRACES ON THE BAIYANG RIVER IN THE NORTHERN QILIAN MOUNTAINS 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Qilian Mountains, as a major orogenic belt in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, is the forefront of the expansion of the plateau to the northeast, where thrusts and folds dominate tectonic deformation. The Baiyang River starts from the inner Qilian Mountains, flowing northward across various structures, and finally into the Jiuxi Basin. This work focused on exhaustive investigations to the terraces on this river to characterize the Late Quaternary tectonic deformation in this region. The results show that (1)these river terraces on the Baiyang River are segmented, of which multiple levels developed at steep terrains and anticlines in the basin. Bounded by the Niutou Mountains, mainly 2-3 and 4-5 levels of terraces formed in the upper and lower reaches, respectively. (2)The longitudinal profiles along the river suggest a vertical motion rate of the Changma fault as (0.32±0.09)mm/a and crustal shortening rate (0.12±0.09)mm/a. There was no vertical activity since the formation of T5 surface (13ka)on the Hanxia-Dahuanggou fault. At the terrace T5 (9ka)on the Laojunmiao anticline, fold uplift amounts (6.55±0.5)m and shortening amounts (3.47±0.5)m, yielding uplift and shortening rates (1.23±0.81)mm/a and (0.67±0.44)mm/a, respectively. The Baiyang River anticline began to be active about 300ka with uplift and shortening rates (0.21±0.02)mm/a and (0.14±0.03)mm/a, respectively since 170ka. (3)In the Qilian Mountains, there were two different deformation characteristics in response to the expansion of the Tibetan plateau. Shear deformation dominates the inner Qilian Mountains, which is manifested as lateral extrusion of blocks. In the northern margin of Qilian Mountains and Jiuxi Basin, the deformation is dominated by compression, expressing crustal shortening and uplift, and the shortening within the basin accounts about half of the total deformation. 相似文献
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THRUST OF THE SOUTHERN LONGMENSHAN FAULT IN THE LATE QUATERNARY REVEALED BY RIVER LANDFORMS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The Longmenshan fault zone is divided into three sections from south to north in the geometric structure. The middle and northern segments are mainly composed of three thrust faults, where the deformation of foreland is weak. The geometric structure of the southern segment is more complex, which is composed of six fault branches, where the foreland tectonic deformation is very strong. The Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake occurred in the middle of the Longmenshan in 2008, activating the bifurcation of two branches, the Yingxiu-Beichuan and the Guixian-Jiangyou faults. In 2013, the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake occurred in the southern Longmenshan, whose seismogenic structure was considered to be a blind fault. After the Lushan earthquake, the seismic hazard in the southern Longmenshan has been widely concerned.
At present, the studies on active tectonics in the southern Longmenshan are limited to the Dachuan-Shuangshi and the Yanjing-Wulong faults. The Qingyi River, which flows across the southern Longmenshan, facilitates to study fault slip by the deformation of river terraces. Based on satellite imagery and high-resolution DEM analysis, we measured the fluvial terraces along the Qingyi river in detail. During the measurement, the Sichuan network GPS system (SCGNSS)was employed to achieve a precision of centimeter grade. Besides, the optical luminescence dating (OSL)method was employed to date the terraces' ages. And the late Quaternary activities of the six branch faults in the southern Longmen Shan were further analyzed.
The Gengda-Longdong, Yanjing-Wulong and the Xiao Guanzi faults (west branch of the Dachuan-Shuangshi fault)all show thrust slip and displaced the terrace T2. Their average vertical slip rates in the late Quaternary are 0.21-0.30mm/a, 0.12-0.21mm/a and 0.10-0.12mm/a, respectively. Since the Late Quaternary, vertical slip of the east branch of the Dachuan-Shuangshi fault was not obvious, and the arc-like Jintang tectonic belt was not active. Crustal shortening rate of the southern Longmenshan thrust fault zone in the late Quaternary is 0.48-0.77mm/a, which equals about half of the middle segment of the Longmenshan. Based on the previous study on the tectonic deformation of the foreland, we consider that the foreland fold belt in the southern Longmenshan area has absorbed more than half of the crustal shortening. The three major branch faults in the southern Longmenshan are active in the late Quaternary, which have risk of major earthquakes. 相似文献
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河流阶地面是一种时间性、连续性非常高的层状地貌面,利用跨断层地区的河流阶地变形可以定量地判别一个地区的断层活动性。青衣江横跨龙门山断裂带南段是一条区域性大河,由于龙门山南段构造活动强烈且河流阶地被侵蚀程度严重,为了在室内更好、更快地解译青衣江河流阶地,使野外调查工作更具有针对性,本文在龙门山南段青衣江流域小关子至飞仙村一段,采用航测遥感技术制作的2m分辨率DEM和1/5万数字高程模型,基于Arc GIS和MATLAB平台进行了阶地面提取和聚类分析,以模拟野外测量阶地的流程,试图通过计算机提取,快速获取该地区更多的残余地貌面,建立起较为完整的河流阶地纵剖面。研究结果表明:野外测量数据与计算机自动提取结果相似度较高,具有较好的一致性;在完整的阶地剖面中发现了芦山盆地内部阶地具有疑似拱曲现象;在大川-双石断裂附近阶地有翘起现象,推测芦山盆地西缘阶地拱曲是由大川-双石断裂东侧的一条未知断层引起的,大川-双石断裂附近阶地的翘起现象可能是在断层逆冲推覆过程中形成的,同时结合区域年代历史数据,推测该地区(芦山盆地至大川-双石断裂)至少在晚更新世曾发生过构造活动。 相似文献
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熊坡背斜位于龙门山构造带东南端的成都盆地内,是龙门山逆冲推覆构造向前推挤进入盆地内部的一个主要变形区域,与其配套发育的断裂为蒲江-新津断裂,断裂与背斜褶皱之间在构造变形模式上表现出明显的一致性。在褶皱和断裂的构造变形和活动特征上,熊坡背斜南段表现为一种不对称的褶皱,向NE方向发展表现为较为宽缓的对称褶皱形态,卷入的地层主要是中生代及其以前的地层,对蒲江-新津断裂的地貌调查结果表明,断裂没有对该区域内广泛发育的冲沟Ⅰ级阶地产生影响,而对山前发育的相当于南河(岷江Ⅰ级支流)Ⅳ级阶地的洪积台地有明显的控制作用,说明断裂活动时间应该为第四纪早期,到第四纪晚期活动减弱或是趋于静止 相似文献
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XING Chengqi Ding Guoyu LU Yanchou Shen Xuhui Tian Qinjian YIN Gongming CHAI Zhizhang WEI Kaibo 《中国地震研究》2003,17(2):183-198
Where the Yellow River flows through the Haiyuan-Tongxin arc-form tectonic region on the northeastern side of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, as many as 10～21 basis and erosion terraces have been produced, among which the biggest altitude above river level is 401m and the formation age of the highest terrace is 1.57 Ma B.P. Based on comparative analysis of the Yellow River terraces located separately in the Mijiashan mountain, the Chemuxia gorge, the Heishanxia gorge and the other river terraces in the vast extent of the northern part of China, it has been found that the tectonic processes resulting in the formation of the terrace series is one of multi-gradational features, i.e., a terrace series can include the various terraces produced by tectonic uplifts of different scopes or scales and different ranks. The Yellow River terrace series in the study region can be divided into three grades. Among them, in the first grade there are 6 terraces which were formed separately at the same time in the vast extent of the northern part of China and represent the number and magnitude of uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since 1.6 Ma B. P. ; in the second grade there are 5 terraces which were separately and simultaneously developed within the Haiyuan-Tianjingshan tectonic region and represent the number and magnitude of uplift of this tectonic region itself since 1.6Ma B. P.; in the third grade there are 10 terraces which developed on the eastern slope of the Mijiashan mountain and represent the number and amplitude of uplift of the Haiyuan tectonic belt itself since 1.6Ma B.P. Comparison of the terrace ages with loess-paleosoil sequence has also showed that the first grade terraces reflecting the vast scope uplifts of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are very comparable with climatic changes and their formation ages all correspond to the interglacial epochs during which paleosoils were formed. This implies that the vast extent tectonic uplifts resulting in river down-cutting are closely related to the warm-humid climatic periods which can also resnit in river downward erosion after strong dry and cold climatic periods, and they have jointly formed the tectonic-climatic cycles. There exists no unanimous and specific relationship between the formation ages of the second and third grade terraces and climatic changes and it is shown that the formation of those terraces was most mainly controlled by tectonic uplifts of the Tianjingshan block and the Haiyuan belt. The river terraces in the study region, therefore, may belong to 2 kinds of formation cause. One is a tectonic-climatic cyclical terrace produced jointly by vast extent tectonic uplifts and climatic changes, and the terraces of this kind are extensively distributed and can be well compared with each other among regions. Another is a pulse-tectonic cyclical terrace produced by local tectonic uplifts as dominant elements, and their distribution is restricted within an active belt and can not be compared with among regions. 相似文献