共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
在页岩油气藏的开发和勘探阶段，需要对储层进行水力压裂改造，形成有利于油气聚集和运移的裂缝.地应力是进行水力压裂改造的重要参数，能够决定裂缝的大小、方向以及分布形态，影响着压裂的增产效果，且最大和最小水平应力差异比（ODHSR，Orthorhombic Differential Horizontal Stress Ratio）是评价储层是否可压裂成网的重要因子.本文探讨了基于地震数据估算地应力的方法，以指导页岩气的水力压裂开发.首先，利用叠前方位地震数据反演得到地层的弹性参数和各向异性参数；其次，基于正交各向异性水平应力差异比近似公式，利用反演得到的弹性参数和各向异性参数估算地层的ODHSR；最后，选取某工区的裂缝型页岩储层的叠前方位地震数据对该方法进行实际应用.实际工区地震数据应用表明，基于叠前方位地震数据反演得到的ODHSR能够有效的识别储层中易于压裂成网的区域. 相似文献
2.
射线参数水平分量是立体层析数据空间中最为重要的参数信息,梯度平方结构张量算法是一种针对图像的边缘检测快速算法.本文将叠前地震数据集视为图像,将梯度平方结构张量算法用于射线参数水平分量的提取,提高了立体层析数据空间的准备效率.高效率的数据空间提取使得高密度立体层析反演成为可能,数据空间加密后的立体层析反演精度以及叠前深度成像质量相比常规流程得到明显提高.基于二维理论数据与南海某二维深水数据的严格测试证实了该方法的有效性与稳健性. 相似文献
3.
地震分布空间分维数Ｄｓ与ｂ值之间关系探讨谢永郑治真（中国北京１０００４５国家地震局地震数据信息中心）主题词：ｂ值空间分维数Ｄｓ引言地球科学中的许多现象都有自相似性质，地震的空间分布和震级分布也具有自相似性。Ｄｓ和ｂ值正是反映地震空间分布和震级分布的自... 相似文献
4.
宽方位高密度地震勘探可以有效的提高地震资料的空间分辨率和裂缝预测的精度,但地震道数的增加也大幅度提升了地震数据的处理成本.为提高海量地震数据偏移处理的计算效率,本文发展了一种快速射线束叠前时间偏移方法.该方法首先根据给定的射线束中心间隔将炮记录划分为一系列数据子集,然后利用倾斜叠加将数据子集分解为不同方向的平面波,最后根据射线束中心到地下成像点的双程走时和射线参数拾取相应的平面波振幅累加到成像点上.同Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移相比,本文方法不但保持了一致的成像精度,且由于仅需在稀疏的射线束中心位置进行成像累加运算,计算效率得到了大幅度的提升.文中所给出的模型和实际资料的测试结果验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
5.
遥测台网传输信道选定陈阵阳（防灾技术高等专科学校）主题词：遥测台网，地震数据，传输信道１前言遥测地震台网就是把不同空间分布的地震台网检测到的地震信号用遥测的方式实时或准实时地传送到台网中心进行集中记录和统一授时并用计算机处理地震数据的一种地震台网。遥... 相似文献
6.
根据华北地区的地震目录，建立了4个空间光滑的地震活动性模型，并以这些模型为空间分布函数，将华北地震区每个地震带的地震年发生率分配到空间格点中，计算这一地区的地震危险性．结果表明，采用仪器记录地震计算得到的地震活动性模型和地震危险性结果能够反映华北地区现今的地震活动水平和地震危险性水平，符合人们对现今华北地区地震危险性的认识；采用历史破坏性地震（Mge;4.7）计算的地震活动性模型和地震危险性结果，较好地反映了华北地区中强地震活动区的地震危险性水平；以地震应变计算地震活动率，并根据点椭圆模型和线椭圆模型计算得到的地震活动性模型，能够较好地反映大地震的活动水平和空间构造特征．将根据4个模型计算得到的50年超越概率10%峰值加速度（PGA）分布加权平均，得到综合的华北地区PGA分布，并将该PGA分布与根据《中国地震动参数区划图》中综合潜源方案计算得到的50年超越概率10%的PGA分布做了比较，发现二者无本质差别，均能反映华北地震区的地震危险性水平．当然，二者也具有一定的差异:前者计算得到的符合PGAge;100 cm/s2条件的区域面积明显要比后者的大，而符合PGAge;250 cm/s2条件的区域面积则比后者的要小. 这主要是由于潜在震源区类型和空间分布函数不同造成的． 相似文献
7.
混合震源采集技术相对于传统的地震数据采集，在极大提高采集效率的同时引入了混叠噪声，很大程度上影响了成像结果的精度.二维混采数据中，我们通常利用混叠噪声在非共炮域呈非相干分布这一特点来压制混叠噪声，从而实现混合震源数据分离.相对于二维混采数据，三维混采数据具有数据量巨大，构建混合震源算子困难，混合度的增加引入了高强度混叠噪声的特点.针对上述问题，本文采用稀疏约束反演方法在Radon域实现混采数据分离，混叠噪声强度比较大的情况下，稀疏约束反演方法能够得到更高精度的分离结果；利用震源激发的GPS时间通过长记录的方式在共接收点道集对上一次迭代分离结果做混合、伪分离，实现了单个共接收点道集自身混合、伪分离，避免了对整个数据做运算，同时不需要构建混合震源算子.通过模拟数据和实际数据计算来验证上述方法的适用性. 相似文献
8.
由于观测系统实施以及经济因素的限制，采集到的勘探地震数据在空间方向上总是不规则分布的，并且往往会出现数据的大范围连续缺失情况.许多后续地震数据处理方法(例如：多次波压制和波动方程偏移等)都需要空间上规则分布的数据.插值技术是一种解决地震数据缺失问题的有效手段，但是传统的数据插值方法在进行连续缺失数据重建时往往会出现失效的情况，尤其在处理非平稳地震同相轴时精度不高，并且大多数的方法需要迭代计算，在处理高维大规模数据时效率较低.针对连续缺失地震数据的快速插值问题，本文提出了一种非迭代的时空域高阶流式预测滤波插值方法，通过使用高阶限制条件来提高连续缺失数据的滤波器估计精度，提高局部约束条件的稳定性，改善低阶流式计算由于滤波器系数无法连续更新所造成的插值失效情况.同时，空间非因果滤波器和蛇形插值路径的设计方案可以有效减小大范围连续缺失数据和数据边界对于预测滤波器的计算误差，本方法能够有效处理包括近炮检距缺失情况在内的连续缺失数据插值重建.通过与工业标准傅里叶凸集投影(POCS)方法进行比较，理论模型和实际数据处理结果表明，本文提出的高阶流式预测滤波插值方法对高维连续缺失地震数据有较好的重建效果... 相似文献
9.
通过分析某一区域地震事件的时空演化过程可以了解该区域地震的演化特征,为评估该地区地震的危险性提供依据。基于中国地震科学实验场2000年至2019年3.0级以上的地震事件数据,利用加权平均中心、标准差椭圆和全局空间自相关等空间统计学方法探索该地区地震事件的时空演变规律。结果表明:（1）汶川地震之后该地区地震的发生频次总体呈现出下降趋势,地震的活动性逐渐减弱。（2）地震加权平均中心呈现出"折返"型的移动规律,在东北-西南方向上来回震荡。（3）地震事件的空间分布呈现"东北-西南"格局走向,与映秀-北川断裂带的方向基本一致。（4）该地区地震事件的空间分布模式以聚集模式为主,且正处于上升阶段,但上升速度较为缓慢。 相似文献
10.
基于部分动校正（NMO）后反射同相轴在CMP道集上的抛物线走时近似，给出了加权抛物Radon变换叠前地震数据重建方法（WPRT）. WPRT通过在迭代过程中引入变化着的权系数，拓展和改进了传统抛物Radon变换方法，使其可同时完成不规则采样的规则化和空道及近偏移距道重建，且有更高的计算效率. 文中给出了应用WPRT进行近偏移距和中偏移距的空地震道重建及数据规则化的算法实现. 理论模型和实际地震资料的地震数据重建结果显示了本文算法的优点. 相似文献
11.
地震数据与地下介质物性参数之间的复杂关系,决定了地震全波形反演在理论方法上面临着强烈的非线性难题.地下不同物性参数的不同分量在地震数据上具有不同的表现,勘探的不同阶段对地下介质模型的精度也具有不同的要求,这就决定了在地震全波形反演过程中不必时刻追求地震数据全部信息的匹配,部分信息的匹配就有可能解决现阶段的某些问题,还可以一定程度上规避匹配全部地震信息所遇到的强烈非线性难题.基于这样的考虑,我们提出了利用地震数据子集进行波形反演的思路,给出了统一的反演方法,并通过基于包络数据子集以及反射波数据子集的波形反演的理论模型与实际资料反演试验,证明了所提出的波形反演思路和方法的正确性. 相似文献
12.
Construction of regional and local seismic anisotropic structures from wide-angle seismic data: crustal deformation in the southeast of China 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
We present a method to obtain spatial distributions of seismic anisotropy associated with regional stress and local faulting
in the crust from wide-angle seismic data. The method contains three steps. The first step consists of obtaining radial- and
transverse-component seismic sections using a pre-stack depth migration algorithm from the S-wave velocity model determined
by conventional interpretation of picked intra-crustal seismic events. In the second step, we compute time delays between
split shear-waves and polarizations of fast split shear-waves by minimizing the transverse-component seismic energy. The time
delay and polarization in each layer are derived using a layer-stripping method. The final step is to estimate the average
splitting parameters along the whole profile. Thus, the average time delay and polarization can be regarded as caused by the
effects owing to regional structure and stress fields, whereas the residual values of the splitting parameters are considered
to be related to local structures and local faulting. Our method allows us to construct multi-layer anisotropic images, which
may later be interpreted in terms of intra-layer coupling/decoupling or deformation. We present results from a set of three-component
seismic data acquired by a controlled source experiment in the southeast region of China. The results demonstrate that the
average polarizations and time delays are consistent with the direction and strength of the stress field, and their lateral
variations related to local anisotropy match the spatial distribution of surface faulting crossing the acquisition seismic
profile. 相似文献
13.
我国约有1.1万个海岛，多处于地震活跃带，地震灾害特征明显，目前地震领域研究主要针对城市展开，海岛地震灾害风险的研究较少。此背景下，该研究收集了海岛地震相关的地质和地震数据，形成海岛地震灾害空间数据库；从地震危险性、承灾体易损性和防震减灾能力3个方面构建海岛地震灾害风险评价指标体系；利用ArcGIS空间分析技术，采用熵权法与AHP法相结合建立海岛地震灾害风险综合评价模型，以长岛县、洞头区和东山县为例进行分析，并将海岛地震灾害风险等级划分为4个等级。结果显示:东山县为地震灾害高风险区，洞头区和长岛县为地震灾害较低风险区。该研究对海岛工程抗震规划与设计有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
Two formulae are developed for estimating horizontal permeability directly from maps of 4D seismic signatures. The choice of the formula used depends on whether the seismic is dominated by changes of pressure or saturation. However, pressure derived from time‐lapse seismic, or seismic amplitudes controlled predominantly by pressure are to be preferred for optimal ‘illumination’ of the reservoir. The permeability is predicted to be dependent on porosity but weighted by a 4D term related to the magnitude and spatial gradient of the 4D signature. Tests performed on model‐based synthetic seismic data affirm the validity and accuracy of this approach. Application to field data from the UK continental shelf reveals a large‐scale permeability variation similar to the existing simulation model, but with additional fine‐scale detail. The technique thus has the potential of providing extra information with which to update the simulation model. The resultant permeability estimates have been successfully ground‐truthed against the results of two well tests. As non‐repeatable noise in the time‐lapse seismic data diminishes with improved 4D‐related acquisition, it will become increasingly possible to make robust permeability estimates using this approach. 相似文献
15.
The effects of source and receiver motion on seismic data are considered using extensions of the standard convolutional model. In particular, receiver motion introduces a time-variant spatial shift into data, while source motion converts the effect of the source signature from a single-channel convolution in time to a multichannel convolution in time and space. These results are consistent with classical Doppler theory and suggest that Doppler shifting can introduce distortions into seismic data even at relatively slow acquisition speeds. It is shown that, while both source and receiver motion are known to be important for marine vibroseis acquisition, receiver motion alone can produce significant artifacts in marine 3D data. Fortunately, the convolutional nature of the distortions renders them amenable to correction using simple deconvolution techniques. Specifically, the effects of receiver motion can be neutralized by applying an appropriate reverse time-variant spatial shift, while those due to source motion can be addressed by introducing time-variant spatial shifts both before and after standard, deterministic, signature deconvolution or correlation. 相似文献
16.
Seismic attenuation compensation is a spectrum-broadening technique for enhancing the resolution of non-stationary seismic data. The single-trace attenuation compensation algorithms ignore the prior information that the seismic reflection events are generally continuous along seismic traces, thus, the compensated result may have poor spatial continuity and low signal-to-noise ratio. To address this problem, we extend the single-trace approaches to the multi-trace algorithms and furthermore propose a multi-trace attenuation compensation with a spatial constraint. The frequency-space prediction filters are the key to construct this spatial regularization. We test the effectiveness of the proposed spatially constrained attenuation compensation algorithm by applying both synthetic and field data examples. Synthetic data tests indicate that the proposed multi-trace attenuation compensation approach can provide a better compensated result than single-trace attenuation compensation algorithm in terms of suppressing noise amplification and guaranteeing structural continuities. Field data applications further confirm its stability and practicality to improve seismic resolution. 相似文献
17.
受野外观测条件的限制,采集的地震数据体通常不规则,并缺失一部分数据道。传统的单道提高分辨率方法无法兼顾横向地震信息,处理结果存在空间一致性问题。为此,本文提出在曲波域内进行不规则地震数据,通过曲波变换实现对地震数据的稀疏表征,将提高分辨率问题转化为曲波域1-范数约束的稀疏促进求解,得到规则化的高分辨率地震数据体。该方法避免传统单道提高分辨率方法存在的局限性,在提高分辨率的同时,能够恢复缺失的地震数据、压制随机噪声,进而提高地震数据的完备性,模型和实际资料试算,验证了该方法的正确性、有效性和适用性。 相似文献
18.
Zi-Shun Li 《应用地球物理》2012,9(3):286-292
To avoid spatial aliasing problems in broad band high resolution seismic sections, I present a high density migration processing solution. I first analyze the spatial aliasing definition for stack and migration seismic sections and point out the differences between the two. We recognize that migration sections more often show spatial aliasing than stacked sections. Second, from wave propagation theory, I know that migration output is a new spatial sampling process and seismic prestack time migration can provide the high density sampling to prevent spatial aliasing on high resolution migration sections. Using a 2D seismic forward modeling analysis, I have found that seismic spatial aliasing noise can be eliminated by high density spatial sampling in prestack migration. In a 3D seismic data study for Daqing Oilfield in the Songliao Basin, I have also found that seismic sections obtained by high-density spatial sampling (10 × 10 m) in prestack migration have less spatial aliasing noise than those obtained by conventional low density spatial sampling (20 × 40 m) in prestack migration. 相似文献
19.
António M. Lopes J. A. Tenreiro Machado C. M. A. Pinto A. M. S. F. Galhano 《Journal of Seismology》2014,18(1):163-179
Earthquakes are associated with negative events, such as large number of casualties, destruction of buildings and infrastructures, or emergence of tsunamis. In this paper, we apply the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis to earthquake data. MDS is a set of techniques that produce spatial or geometric representations of complex objects, such that, objects perceived to be similar/distinct in some sense are placed nearby/distant on the MDS maps. The interpretation of the charts is based on the resulting clusters since MDS produces a different locus for each similarity measure. In this study, over three million seismic occurrences, covering the period from January 1, 1904 up to March 14, 2012 are analyzed. The events, characterized by their magnitude and spatiotemporal distributions, are divided into groups, either according to the Flinn–Engdahl seismic regions of Earth or using a rectangular grid based in latitude and longitude coordinates. Space-time and Space-frequency correlation indices are proposed to quantify the similarities among events. MDS has the advantage of avoiding sensitivity to the non-uniform spatial distribution of seismic data, resulting from poorly instrumented areas, and is well suited for accessing dynamics of complex systems. MDS maps are proven as an intuitive and useful visual representation of the complex relationships that are present among seismic events, which may not be perceived on traditional geographic maps. Therefore, MDS constitutes a valid alternative to classic visualization tools, for understanding the global behavior of earthquakes. 相似文献
20.
Geostatistical seismic inversion for non‐stationary patterns using direct sequential simulation and co‐simulation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hamid Sabeti Ali Moradzadeh Faramarz Doulati Ardejani Leonardo Azevedo Amilcar Soares Pedro Pereira Ruben Nunes 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(Z1):25-48
Geostatistical seismic inversion methods are routinely used in reservoir characterisation studies because of their potential to infer the spatial distribution of the petro‐elastic properties of interest (e.g., density, elastic, and acoustic impedance) along with the associated spatial uncertainty. Within the geostatistical seismic inversion framework, the retrieved inverse elastic models are conditioned by a global probability distribution function and a global spatial continuity model as estimated from the available well‐log data for the entire inversion grid. However, the spatial distribution of the real subsurface elastic properties is complex, heterogeneous, and, in many cases, non‐stationary since they directly depend on the subsurface geology, i.e., the spatial distribution of the facies of interest. In these complex geological settings, the application of a single distribution function and a spatial continuity model is not enough to properly model the natural variability of the elastic properties of interest. In this study, we propose a three‐dimensional geostatistical inversion technique that is able to incorporate the reservoir's heterogeneities. This method uses a traditional geostatistical seismic inversion conditioned by local multi‐distribution functions and spatial continuity models under non‐stationary conditions. The procedure of the proposed methodology is based on a zonation criterion along the vertical direction of the reservoir grid. Each zone can be defined by conventional seismic interpretation, with the identification of the main seismic units and significant variations of seismic amplitudes. The proposed method was applied to a highly non‐stationary synthetic seismic dataset with different levels of noise. The results of this work clearly show the advantages of the proposed method against conventional geostatistical seismic inversion procedures. It is important to highlight the impact of this technique in terms of higher convergence between real and inverted reflection seismic data and the more realistic approximation towards the real subsurface geology comparing with traditional techniques. 相似文献