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博斯腾湖表层沉积物无机碳及其稳定同位素空间异质性 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
2012年8月,在新疆博斯腾湖13个站点进行表层沉积物采集,分析无机碳及其碳、氧稳定同位素的含量和空间分布特征,探讨该湖表层沉积物无机碳(TIC)的空间变化影响因素.结果表明:2012年,博斯腾湖表层沉积物TIC含量平均值为5.5%,变幅为3.8%~9.8%,而δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb平均值分别为0.71‰和-4.4‰,范围为-0.23‰~2.27‰和-5.53‰~-2.55‰.从空间来看,湖泊北岸TIC值明显高于南岸,最高值出现在湖泊西北部的黄水沟水域,而河口区和湖心区最低.总体上,博斯腾湖表层沉积物TIC主要是湖泊自生的,其空间分布主要受开都河、黄水沟等入湖河水的影响,导致水体矿化度和营养盐的空间差异,进而影响了碳酸盐的析出与沉淀.另外,湖泊局部的水动力条件也影响TIC的保存与分布.δ13Ccarb与δ18Ocarb的极显著正相关说明近几年博斯腾湖封闭程度较好,尤其是东部大湖区,属于封闭环境碳酸盐沉淀. 相似文献
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δ13C和δ15N指示不同生态类型湖泊无机氮及有机质来源 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨不同生态类型湖泊(天然湖泊、城市湖泊)中无机氮和有机质来源,分别采集湖泊中水体、表层沉积物、水生植物、底栖动物进行碳、氮同位素特征分析.结果表明:蚌湖水体δ15N-NH4均值为-1.8‰±1.0‰,δ15N-NO3-均值为-0.5‰±1.7‰,说明蚌湖水体氮表现为雨水和农业肥料氮污染;象湖δ15 N-NH4+均值为6.8‰±8.6‰,其中养殖废水和管道排污口δ15N-NH4+值分别为13.5‰和25.4‰,表现出污水氮同位素特征,象湖δ15 N-NO3-均值为-2.9‰±4.2‰,是氨的硝化作用引起的氮同位素分馏所致.蚌湖表层沉积物、水生植物δ15N差别不大,分别为6.6‰±0.3‰、7.1‰±0.7‰,水生植物δ13C均值为-27.5‰±0.3‰,比沉积物δ13C偏负3‰.有机C/N为9.4±0.5,比沉积物C/N明显偏高6,反映水生植物是蚌湖有机质的主要来源.象湖表层沉积物δ15N、δ13C及有机C/N分布范围大,δ15N在3.6‰～8.3‰之间,均值为5.9‰±1.6‰,δ13C在-27.1‰～-24.7‰之间,均值为-26.0‰±1.0‰,有机C/N在2.6 ～10.8之间,均值为6.2±2.7,表明城市湖泊沉积有机质来源复杂.2个湖泊蚌类δ15N组成与各自湖泊表层沉积物δ15N组成相对应. 相似文献
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1860年以来博斯腾湖碳沉积过程演变 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取博斯腾湖3个不同点位岩芯，在210Pb和137Cs年代序列基础上，利用沉积物中的各理化指标，分析了该湖碳沉积的时空变化特征，结合各指标的相关性、沉积速率、C/N、同位素特征等，探讨了该湖1860年以来碳沉积环境的变化过程，为干旱区湖泊碳埋藏研究提供了依据.结果表明：1860-1910年，沉积速率相对较小，受人类活动影响较小，磁化率、中值粒径、总无机碳（TIC）较为稳定，总有机碳（TOC）含量相对较低，此时该湖有较多陆源有机质的输入；1910-1950年，湖泊西部浅水域沉积速率明显高于东部深水区，西北湖区水域有大量外源物质的输入，而湖泊初级生产力较低，内源贡献相对较小；1950-1980年，全湖TOC、TIC含量均呈现升高的趋势，尤其是西北近黄水沟水域升高最快，湖泊内源贡献在增加，陆源组分的输入相对前一阶段要少；1980-2002年，沉积速率快速升高，尤其湖泊东部水域最为明显，TOC含量均呈现升高的趋势，湖泊西部水域初级生产力要高于东部深水区，湖面蒸发较强，气候比较温暖；2002年以来，全湖沉积速率相对较高，外源有机质贡献较小.过去150年博斯腾湖沉积物碳累积速率整体上呈现出升高的趋势，尤其是近50年来快速升高，东部湖区碳累积速率比西部湖区高. 相似文献
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悬浮颗粒物和沉积物是湖泊有机污染物的主要承载物质,其稳定同位素研究对有效识别有机质污染导致的湖泊富营养化具有重要意义.本研究选取乌梁素海为研究区,于2019年4月（融冰期）、7月（夏灌期）和10月（秋灌期）对湖区及入湖渠道的表层沉积物和悬浮颗粒物中有机碳的δ13C、C/N比及总有机碳（TOC、POC）和总氮（TON、PON）含量进行测定分析,联合采用δ13C、C/N及同位素多元混合模型研究湖泊有机碳来源及其贡献率.结果表明,乌梁素海悬浮颗粒物有机碳δ13CPOC的变化范围为-23.29‰~-29.75‰,呈现10月>4月>7月、入湖渠道>湖区的趋势,悬浮颗粒物POC/PON比变化范围为4.10~21.35,呈现出4月<7月<10月的时间变化,悬浮颗粒有机质主要来源于浮游植物（51.59%）、入湖渠道泥沙（34.60%）和大型水生植物（13.76%）.沉积物有机碳δ13CTOC变化范围为-27.58‰~-22.68‰,呈现4月<10月<7月的变化,沉积物TOC/TON比变化范围为3.06~23.77,时空变化明显,沉积物有机质则主要源于入湖渠道挟带的泥沙,贡献达72.79%以上,而浮游植物与大型水生植物的贡献率相差较小,分别为11.85%和15.36%.本研究可以初步判定受入湖渠道影响的富营养化湖泊中悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机碳来源,为改善湖泊有机污染和研究有机碳来源提供更多理解. 相似文献
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鄱阳湖候鸟栖息地湖泊悬浮有机质的碳氮分布及来源分析——以大湖池和沙湖为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区的2个湖泊——大湖池和沙湖为研究对象，分析不同季节和水位悬浮有机质的碳氮稳定同位素（δ13C和δ15N）及碳氮比值（C/N）的变化特征，甄别悬浮有机质的来源.结果表明：在不同水位条件下，悬浮有机质的δ13C和δ15N均存在差异显著性.沙湖5月水位上涨时，悬浮有机质δ13C最正，均值为-26.4‰±0.9‰，10月退水后，δ13C最负，均值为-31.2‰±1.1‰.悬浮有机质δ15N值在5月和8月较低（范围为3.5‰~5.5‰），10月也相对较低，均值为6.1‰±0.6‰，而12月相对较高（7.3‰~10.8‰）.悬浮有机质C/N值在10月最低，均值为6.5±0.6，小于7，与其他各月的C/N有显著差异，而其他各月C/N在7.8~8.7之间，不存在显著差异.大湖池悬浮有机质δ13C、δ15N各月的变化趋势与沙湖类似，并且两个湖泊在相同月份的δ13C、δ15N或C/N均不存在显著差异，但大湖池的δ13C和δ15N比沙湖的δ13C和δ15N均值略偏正0.1‰~0.5‰，C/N比沙湖的C/N略偏低0~0.4.有机δ13C、δ15N结合C/N示踪表明，大湖池和沙湖的悬浮有机质在5月水位上涨和8月丰水期主要来源于河流运输的土壤有机质，表层沉积物对5月悬浮有机质也有一定贡献（16%），水生浮叶植物对8月悬浮有机质有一定贡献（25%）；10月秋季退水后悬浮有机质主要来源于藻类（77%），表层沉积物有一定贡献（23%）；12、3和4月冬、春季枯水期悬浮有机质主要来源于表层沉积物，候鸟粪便对12月悬浮有机质有较大贡献（40%），湿地植物碎屑对3和4月有较大贡献（47%和51%）. 相似文献
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外源溶解性有机碳(DOC)是湖泊碳库的重要组成部分,关于外源DOC对浮游动物的贡献及途径需要深入研究.本研究在抚仙湖受控实验中添加13C标记的葡萄糖,通过分析样品中浮游植物与浮游动物的种类、数量、磷脂脂肪酸生物标志物及其稳定同位素特征,研究外源DOC对湖泊甲壳类浮游动物碳源的贡献比例及其变化.结果表明:细菌、甲壳类浮游动物(象鼻溞)的δ~(13)C值在加入葡萄糖后分别从-16.28‰和-23.88‰快速增加到5408.25‰和1974.7‰,而藻类磷脂脂肪酸(C18∶2ω6)δ~(13)C值从-27.07‰增加到342.44‰,增长的幅度表明添加的葡萄糖首先被细菌和浮游动物快速利用,而藻类只利用了一小部分.同时细菌、颗粒性有机物(POM)和浮游动物的δ~(13)C值在第1 d急剧增加,细菌的δ~(13)C值远大于浮游动物和POM的δ~(13)C值,之后细菌和POM的δ~(13)C值开始下降,但浮游动物的δ~(13)C值却仍在缓慢增加,进一步表明了DOC进入湖泊后首先被细菌吸收利用,而细菌吸收DOC后通过自身代谢作用形成细胞颗粒,浮游甲壳类动物通过摄食细胞颗粒来获得外源DOC. 相似文献
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溶解态有机质(DOM)是湖泊沉积物的重要组分,解析DOM的组成和来源对于深入理解湖泊有机质生物地球化学循环及控制水体富营养化具有重要意义。 本研究于2021年5月和8月采集了大庆市库里泡表层及柱状沉积物、泡内水生物(浮游藻类、挺水植物和沉水植物)、岸边土壤、陆生C3和C4植物、禽畜粪便以及城镇污水等样品,分析了样品DOM的稳定同位素(δ13C 和 δ15N)组成及三维荧光光谱特征,并利用IsoSource软件计算了不同来源样品对沉积物DOM的贡献率。结果显示:(1)库里泡内表层沉积物DOM的δ13C和δ15N组成存在季节性差异,5月δ13C和δ15N均值分别为-25.54‰和9.02‰,8月分别为-26.81‰和8.40‰。(2)库里泡内柱状沉积物DOM的δ13C和δ15N组成在垂直方向存在差异,表层(0~3 cm)δ13C和δ15N均值分别为-26.58‰和9.04‰,深层(3~30 cm)均值分别为-25.40‰和10.61‰。(3)表层沉积物DOM的三维荧光组分存在季节性差异。5月以类腐殖质荧光组分为主,占比为87.89%,HIX和BIX分别为6.27和0.67;8月蛋白类荧光组分占比为49.58%,HIX和BIX指数均值分别为1.72和0.87。(4)5月表层沉积物DOM外源输入占比为61%,以土壤(21.40%)和城镇污水(18.08%)为主;而8月内源贡献占比稍高(55.10%),且以挺水植物为主(48.68%)。(5)柱状沉积物(0~30 cm)不同深度DOM来源组成相近,主要为城镇污水、沉水植物/藻和挺水植物,贡献率均值分别为42.13%、25.07%和18.53%。整体上,库里泡沉积物DOM来源主要受到流域内人类活动及气候特征的影响,本文研究结果有利于加深对我国东北地区湖泊沉积物有机质迁移转化及累积规律的认识。 相似文献
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通过对内蒙古高原呼伦湖沉积物样品总有机碳含量(TOC)及其稳定同位素(δ13Corg)、总氮含量(TN)和TOC/TN(C/N)值的测定,结合沉积岩芯AMS14C年代标尺,分析了中全新世以来呼伦湖沉积物有机碳埋藏速率随时间变化的趋势及有机质的来源,并探讨了影响呼伦湖有机碳埋藏的主要因素.结果表明,中全新世以来呼伦湖有机碳埋藏速率平均值约为2.06 g/(m~2·a),碳储量约为35.25 Tg C,且总体上呈现增加趋势.呼伦湖沉积物中有机质主要来源于外源输入,但近1000 a以来内源输入逐渐增加并占据优势.呼伦湖有机碳埋藏速率与温度和降水均呈负相关,表明在长时间尺度上,升温及降水量的增加可能对呼伦湖的碳埋藏起到一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
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通过对鱼苗时期鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物、饵料及鱼粪等样品总有机碳(TOC)含量、总氮(TN)含量、碳氮比(C/N)、δ^13 C及δ^15 N的测定,分析探讨了鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源,量化了网箱养殖废物对养殖区沉积物有机质的贡献.结果表明,网箱养殖区沉积物的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-27.67‰~-25.65‰和5.19‰~7.27‰,饵料的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-24.73‰和10.28‰,鱼粪的δ^13 C和δ^15 N值分别为-26.30‰和15.54‰.网箱养殖区沉积物有机质来源主要有残饵、浮游生物及其他来源,其贡献率分别为48.3%±11.4%、25.6%±11.3%及26.0%±5.8%,而鱼粪的贡献几乎可以忽略不计.在水动力平流引起的扩散及沉积物的再悬浮的影响下,网箱养殖源有机质的扩散距离达1500 m.在鱼苗时期,鱼类网箱养殖的残饵是鄱阳湖网箱养殖区沉积物有机质的主要来源. 相似文献
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阪神·淡路大震灾后 ,日本着手对原有的地震观测体制作彻底改革 ,多项全国性配置地震计的计划同时开始启动。地震引起的地面晃动的程度不尽相同 ,无感微小地震引发的晃动仅有 0 .0 0 1 μm,频率为1 0 Hz;巨大地震引起的地面晃动的幅度高达 2～ 3 m,周期也有几十秒。虽说都称之为地震计 ,但由于地震动的振幅和频率涉及的范围太大 ,所以应针对观测对象选用不同类型的地震计。下面介绍不同类型的观测网。1 强震观测网 ( K- NET)无论大地有多大的晃动都能将其准确记录下来的地震计称之为强震计。它构造坚实 ,信号明确 ,通常设置在地表 ,对了… 相似文献
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In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
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Michael O. Garcia Diane Hanano Ashton Flinders Dominique Weis Garrett Ito Mark D. Kurz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1445-1463
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized. 相似文献
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In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization. 相似文献
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Sun, climate, hunger, and mass migration 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
Kenneth J. Hsu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(5):449-472
Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i. e. during the few centuries before
and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global
temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle- and low-latitude
lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production.
Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation,
rather than escaping from war zones. The “wandering” of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the
Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately
to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind.
Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people.
Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer-modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but
water-management and agricultural researches to insure food-supply for an everincreasing world population. 相似文献
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Abu Sayeed Shafiuddin Ahmed Mohammad Belal Hossain Saad Mohammad Omar Faruque Babu Moshiur Rahman Jun Sun Mohammad Shafiqul Islam Sarker 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(1):83-96
Sediment samples from the Gomti River basin were investigated to determine and evaluate trace metal concentrations,their biological effect,and potential ecological and human health risks for adults and children.The mean concentrations of trace metals were organized in the descending order of mercury(Hg)(0.08 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(0.06 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(0.05 mg/kg)>arsenic(As)(0.02 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.01 mg/kg).The current study illustrated that metals were attributed to the area from natural sources and different anthropogenic sources especially from industries.However,the concentration levels were lower than the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)based on the effect-range classifications of threshold effect concentration(TEC)and probable effect concentration(PEC).Therefore,the concentration of the elements showed no adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms.The evaluated potential ecological risk index also revealed the low toxicity to the aquatic environment.Moreover,the applied sediment quality indices,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),and contamination severity index(CSI)suggested that the contamination levels of the elements were in the acceptable range,and the contamination had not notably impacted on the sediment quality.The risk index(HI)concerning age groups was significantly less than the threshold limit of 1 indicating that the contamination had no non-carcinogenic risk effect.The total carcinogenic risk(TCR)was less than a risk value of 1×104.Hence,the current study suggests that immediate remediation is not required due to an absence of alarming conditions in the study area.Proper monitoring of the attribution of the metal elements should be done for the betterment of human and environmental health。 相似文献