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1.
内蒙古达里诺尔湖流域地表水和地下水环境同位素特征及补给关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了探明达里诺尔湖流域地表水与地下水的氢(H)、氧(O)同位素的变化特征及相互补给关系,于2013年对达里诺尔湖及其周围的河水、井水、泉水中H、O同位素进行了取样分析,并结合总溶解性固体悬浮物(TDS)和区域水文地质对达里诺尔湖流域的补给关系进行讨论分析.结果表明:1)河水、泉水、井水中H、O同位素的值基本落在全球雨水线上,湖水H、O同位素落在全球雨水线的右下方,说明河水、井水、泉水没有发生蒸发分馏,而湖水则发生较大程度的蒸发分馏;对达里诺尔湖流域地表水与地下水的H、O同位素进行回归模拟,得出该区域的蒸发趋势线方程:δD=4.8753δ18O-20.139(n=32,R2=0.9968).蒸发线表明,这些水样具有相同水源的特征.2)从实地考察发现,泉水补给河水,泉水和河水补给湖水,同时井水、泉水和河水有相似的δD、δ18O和TDS值,且不随季节变化而变化,推断达里诺尔湖附近地下水补给湖水;区域水文地质条件亦证明达里诺尔湖周边地下水补给湖水. 相似文献
2.
湖泊水体的氢氧同位素(δD、δ~(18)O)是研究区域大气降水和水文循环的重要手段之一,目前对其的研究主要以单一湖泊为主.以2016年夏季在中国西部地区采集的33个湖泊水体为研究对象,分析其氢氧同位素的变化特征,并结合当地夏季大气降水、湖水盐度、海拔与纬度等资料,探讨中国西部33个湖泊水体δD、δ~(18)O的空间分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:33个湖泊水体的δD与δ18O组成主要受控于大气降水,但受蒸发分馏的影响,湖水线的斜率与截距低于大气水线.湖泊水体与夏季大气降水氢氧同位素存在明显的空间分异,这种分异与湖水盐度无关,主要受到区域降水水汽来源不同的影响.青藏高原南北两侧由于水汽来源及蒸发条件的不同,使得青藏高原湖泊水体的氢氧同位素呈现出"北高南低"的特点,新疆西北部受西风影响,湖泊水体的氢氧同位素明显偏负,内蒙古及邻近地区受东南季风的影响,湖水受到蒸发分馏作用使其δD与δ~(18)O偏正.不同区域湖泊水体的氘盈余(d_excess)反映了不同的水汽源地的湿度状况而不能指示湖水的蒸发状况.受降水影响,青藏高原地区湖水氢氧同位素组成与海拔高度呈负相关,与纬度呈正相关. 相似文献
3.
为了探求内蒙古呼伦湖上覆水体和沉积物间隙水之间溶质运移机制,对呼伦湖的1个沉积物柱芯的间隙水、3个湖泊水体以及湖周边7个地下水体中的氯离子(Cl~-),氢、氧稳定同位素(δD和δ~(18)O)分别进行分析测试,并利用其示踪性对沉积物中溶质运移特征进行研究.结果显示,δD、δ~(18)O和Cl~-浓度在不同水体中的分布具有相似的分布规律,整体上从底部沉积物到上部湖水浓度分布呈现逐渐递减的抛物线趋势,在间隙水中最大值位于所取沉积物柱芯的最深处,Cl~-浓度为306 mg/L,δD和δ~(18)O分别为-58‰和-5.9‰;最小值位于沉积物柱芯上层,并与上覆水体中的值相似,Cl~-浓度为159 mg/L,δD和δ~(18)O分别为-66‰和-7.3‰.为了明确沉积物柱芯中间隙水的高浓度Cl~-和偏正δD、δ~(18)O的来源,比较不同水体的δ~(18)O-δD关系点分布,表明含有偏正值的δD、δ~(18)O和高浓度Cl~-的间隙水与上覆湖水关系密切,可能是由于低水位时期湖水与间隙水相互发生扩散作用而产生的结果.一维对流扩散迁移模型证实扩散作用是控制着沉积物间隙水中溶质浓度在垂向上分布的主要机制,同时湖水水位的变化会影响沉积物间隙水与上覆水体的扩散过程,特别是在水位上升期,富集在沉积物中的溶质可能成为湖水的重要物质来源,影响上覆水体的水质.因此,对于封闭湖泊水位的控制和管理不仅在维持湖泊水量方面有着直接的作用,同时在稳定湖泊水质条件上也有着重要的意义. 相似文献
4.
在地震地下流体观测研究中,基于氢氧同位素示踪技术研究地下水补给源及循环过程是常用的技术方法之一。本文给出了九江地震台2号观测井水、大气降水、周边水库水及高山泉水等样品的氢氧同位素测定结果,表明地下水δ~(18)O测值介于-7.59‰～-6.09‰,平均值-6.99‰,δD测值介于-45.22‰～-39.69‰,平均值-42.32‰,变异异数分别为0.09、0.16;大气降水δ~(18)O测值介于-13.00‰～-1.27‰,平均值-4.74‰,δD测值介于-96.13‰～-4.74‰,平均值-46.87‰,变异异数分别为0.40、0.56,与降水相比,地下水氢氧同位素变化更为稳定。大气降水氢氧同位素2017年5～10月表现为明显的降水效应,2018年11～4月表现为明显的温度效应,而地下水氢氧同位素并未表现出明显的降水效应和温度效应。氢氧同位素及过量氘揭示地下水在下渗补给前经历了明显的蒸发分馏作用,并与围岩进行~(18)O交换,δ~(18)O与δD计算得出的补给高程分别约为647、440m。九江台观测井的观测层地下水为大气降水成因的构造裂隙水,属于大气成因型且循环过程为较稳定的裂隙水补给并形成承压自流井。 相似文献
5.
内蒙古高原达里诺尔湖夏季水体稳定同位素变化特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
基于内蒙古高原寒-旱区达里诺尔湖（简称"达里湖"）相对集中的夏季大气降水、强烈的蒸发作用等典型区域气候环境特征,结合湖泊水体温度、盐度等理化指标变化,对夏季达里湖湖水、入湖河水、区域大气降水等样品中稳定氢、氧同位素（δD、δ18O）值变化进行了对比分析.结果显示：虽然整体上达里湖夏季水体并没有形成明显的物理性质"跃层"（如温跃层、盐跃层等）,水体理化指标的空间分布相对稳定,但是夏季湖水中δD、δ18O值却随着水深增加逐渐偏负：δD值由表层水体（0~1 m）到底层水体（7~9 m）偏负约1.40‰,δ18O值由表层水体到底层水体偏负约0.27‰.达里湖夏季"大气水线"为δD=8.22δ18O+6.82,显示大气降水中δD、δ18O值受季风降水效应影响的同时受到区域蒸发作用影响.特别是7、8月大气降水同位素变化受降水效应的影响比6、9月更明显,而6、9月大气降水同位素变化受蒸发作用的影响比7、8月更明显.这也导致达里湖夏季上层水体受大气降水的稀释作用影响显著;伴随水深的增加,降水效应及蒸发作用的混合影响逐渐减弱,底层水体受区域地下水补给过程等因素的影响则可能更加明显,即达里湖夏季上层水体和底层水体中稳定同位素组成变化的影响因素存在差异. 相似文献
6.
基于环境同位素技术的怀沙河流域地表水和地下水转化关系研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
地表水和地下水是流域水循环的重要组成部分, 流域内地表水和地下水之间的相互作用历来是流域水循环研究的关键环节. 环境同位素和水化学作为水循环研究中的示踪剂, 可以有效地揭示流域内地表水和地下水之间的转化关系. 在对位于北京市怀柔区的怀沙河流域进行现场调查并对泉水、河水和井水采样进行氢氧稳定同位素和水化学组成测定的基础上, 分析了流域内沿河道不同部位的泉水、河水和井水的氢氧稳定同位素和水化学组成的空间分布规律和演化趋势. 依据泉水出露的高程和氧同位素含量之间的关系, 揭示出泉水的氧同位素高程效应, 为推断泉水的补给来源提供了理论依据; 运用氯离子质量平衡方法, 估计了流域内年平均地下水补给率. 根据地下水补给来源, 联系流域内水文地质状况和现场调查结果, 以及对比怀沙河流域和密云水库以上的潮白河流域20世纪60~90年代同期降雨径流系数, 初步推断出流域内相当一部分地下水来源于流域之外高程较高的区域, 流域为非封闭流域. 在综合分析的基础上, 结合氢氧稳定同位素和水化学组成及流域内地形地质和水系特征, 分析了流域内不同部位地表径流和地下径流对河川径流的相对贡献, 并揭示了地表水和地下水之间的补给-排泄相互转化关系. 相似文献
7.
为明确草海湖水及其入湖河流硝酸盐污染的主要来源,定量分析各来源的贡献率,对草海湖水与入湖河流水化学特征和水体硝酸盐的氮氧同位素组成进行了系统研究.通过对草海湖水、河水、井水丰水期水体理化参数和同位素分析发现:湖水的NO_3~-/Cl~-比值和Cl-浓度表明其主要受牲畜粪便和城镇污水输入的影响,而河水与井水则受农业活动和城镇污水的共同影响.δD-water与δ~(18)O-water显示草海水体主要源于大气降水,并有较强的蒸发作用.湖水δ~(15)N-NO_3~-和δ~(18)O-NO_3~-值分别为-5.56‰～11.30‰和0.02‰～25.40‰,较河水偏负而较井水偏正.稳定同位素混合模型(SIAR)计算结果表明草海湖水及其入湖河流硝酸盐主要源于化肥、土壤有机氮、牲畜粪便相关的农业活动,其贡献率在50%以上;城镇污水贡献率在22%左右;大气降水的贡献主要体现在湖水中. 相似文献
8.
基于内蒙古寒旱区达里诺尔湖（简称"达里湖"）无河流外泄、冬季湖面冰封、水体流动缓慢等典型区域水文气象特征,对夏、冬季湖泊底层、表层水（冰）、入湖河水、浅层地下水（井水、泉水）等样品中稳定氢、氧同位素（δD、δ18O）值的变化进行对比分析,结果显示湖区不同水体δD和δ18O平均值均存在湖泊水体（水、冰体） > 大气降水 > 入湖河水 > 浅层地下水的变化特征.在达里湖,夏、冬季底层水δD、δ18O值均比表层水（含湖冰）中δD、δ18O值偏负且季节变化幅度较小.此外,冬季不同采样点底层水δD、δ18O平均值的区域差异性比夏季明显,这反映了湖泊底层水体相对封闭、稳定的储存环境,也说明地下水补给过程存在一定程度的区域差异.而基于不同区域底层水δD、δ18O值及氘盈余指数（d）值和水深变化间相互关系的分析,发现水深变化可能是影响达里湖底层水δD、δ18O值分布区域差异及补给过程的主要因素之一：东北部水体较浅（水深小于8 m）区域采样点水体δD、δ18O平均值多数比达里湖整体平均值偏负且d值偏正,指示浅层地下水输入及二次蒸发作用的影响;西南部水体较深（水深超过8 m）区域采样点水体δD、δ18O平均值多数比达里湖整体平均值偏正且d值偏负,说明水体相对稳定,受二次蒸发作用的影响较弱. 相似文献
9.
本文讨论了新疆温泉县泥火山喷出水的化学特征。于2012年10月~2014年6月测量了温泉县泥火山喷发水、明目泉泉水及附近河水的化学组分(K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、F-、Cl-、SO2-4、HCO-3♂和CO2-3)和温泉县泥火山喷发水的氢氧同位素组成(δD和δ18O)。结果表明,该泥火山喷发水的化学类型为Na-HCO3SO4,δ18O-δD值小幅度偏离大气降水线,主要形成于大气降水顺断裂或裂隙深循环过程中与围岩的水岩作用;泥火山离子浓度较高,变化幅度低于5%,背景值稳定,可作为区域地震地球化学监测的对象。 相似文献
10.
为深入认识鄱阳湖湿地区域水循环过程,于2019年1—12月在鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区对降水、河流水、主要碟形湖水进行系统采集,综合分析碟形湖-河流水稳定同位素的动态变化特征及其指示意义。结果表明,鄱阳湖湿地修河和赣江的同位素组成具有明显的季节性变化规律,4月河水同位素最为富集,5—7月逐渐贫化,之后呈现出不断富集的变化趋势,整体上与降水同位素的时间变化特性相似。在空间分布上,各段河水的同位素组成均具有相对稳定的沿程分布特征,赣江在修河汇入点上、下游的同位素特性在大多数月份没有呈现出明显变化。碟形湖水同位素的年内变化范围比河水大,并且相对富集。主要碟形湖水的δ2H-δ18O关系接近当地大气降水线,具有更小的蒸发线斜率以及系统性偏离的特征,反映碟形湖主要受到当地降水补给,经历了一定程度的蒸发作用。基于指数模型方法估算修河和赣江水体的平均滞留时间(mean residence time,MRT)分别为1.54和0.81年,赣江较短的MRT表明鄱阳湖流域具有不同水体组分相互快速转化的水力条件,修河上游柘林水库的调蓄作用导致其MRT明显大于赣江。通过假定... 相似文献
11.
Seasonal and annual trends of changes in rainfall, rainy days, heaviest rain and relative humidity have been studied over the last century for nine different river basins in northwest and central India. The majority of river basins have shown increasing trends both in annual rainfall and relative humidity. The magnitude of increased rainfall for considered river basins varied from 2–19% of mean per 100 years. The maximum increase in rainfall is observed in the Indus (lower) followed by the Tapi river basin. Seasonal analysis shows maximum increase in rainfall in the post‐monsoon season followed by the pre‐monsoon season. There were least variations in the monsoon rainfall during the last century and winter rainfall has shown a decreasing trend. Most of the river basins have experienced decreasing trends in annual rainy days with a maximum decrease in the Mahanadi basin. The heaviest rain of the year has increased from 9–27 mm per 100 years over different river basins with a maximum of 27 mm for the Brahamani and Subaranrekha river basins. A combination of increase in heaviest rainfall and reduction in the number of rainy days suggest the possibility of increasing severity of floods. Such information is useful in the planning, development and management of water resources in the study area. Further, the majority of river basins have also experienced an increasing trend in relative humidity both on seasonal and annual scales. An increase in annual mean relative humidity for six river basins has been found in the range of 1–18% of mean per 100 years, while a decrease for three river basins from ? 1 to ? 13% of mean per 100 years was observed, providing a net increase in the study area by 2·4% of mean per 100 years. It is understood that an increase in areal extent of vegetation cover as well as rainfall over the last century has increased the moisture in the atmosphere through enhanced evapotranspiration, which in turn has increased the relative humidity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Although changes in rainfall characteristics have been noted across the world, few studies have reported those in mountainous areas. This study was undertaken to clarify spatial and temporal variations in rainfall characteristics such as annual rainfall amount (Pr), mean daily rainfall intensity (η), and ratio of rain days (λ) in mountainous and lowland areas in Taiwan. To this aim, we examined spatial and year‐to‐year variations and marginal long‐term trends in Pr, η, and λ, based on rainfall data from 120 stations during the period 1978–2008. The period mean rainfall () at the lowland stations had strong relationships with the period mean daily rainfall intensity () and the period mean ratio of rain days () during those 31 years. Meanwhile, was only strongly related to at mountainous stations, indicating that influences on spatial variations in were different between lowland and mountainous stations. Year‐to‐year variations in Pr at each station were primarily determined from the variation in η at most stations for both lowland and mountainous stations. Long‐term trend analysis showed that Pr and η increased significantly at 10% and 31% of the total 120 stations, respectively, and λ decreased significantly at 6% of the total. The increases in Pr were mostly accompanied by increases in η. Although stations with significant η increases were slightly biased toward the western lowland area, increases or decreases in Pr and λ were not common. These results contribute to understanding the impacts of possible climate changes on terrestrial hydrological cycles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Phosphorus dynamics in water and sediments in urbanized and non-urbanized rivers in Southern Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pagliosa PR Fonseca A Bosquilha GE Braga ES Barbosa FA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(9):965-974
Phosphorus flux models show that the removal tends to be a common feature in polluted estuarine systems whereas the release of P to the adjacent coastal area occurs in pristine environments. This study analyzes the distribution of P in water and sediments along six rivers in the south coast of Brazil. Three rivers located inside protected areas were considered non-polluted and used as a control of urbanization. The other three, situated within urbanized areas, were considered as having highly elevated concentrations of P. Results showed a different behavior of P in water and sediments located in urbanized and non-urbanized areas. The concentrations of dissolved organic (P-org) and inorganic (P-inorg) phosphorus in water, and the total phosphorus (P-tot) and polyphosphate (P-poly) in sediments where higher in the urbanized rivers compared to the non-urbanized ones. Both P of punctual origin and of diffuse origin contributed to the maintenance of elevated concentrations and disturbed the natural fluxes along the polluted rivers. The minimum and maximum concentrations in urbanized areas varied from 0.39 to 12.45 (microM) for P-org and 0.00 to 5.92 (microM) for P-inorg in water, and in sediments from 89.90 to 808.16 (microM g(-1)) for P-tot and 0.00 to 76.51 (microM g(-1)) for P-poly. In non-urbanized areas concentrations in water varied from 0.22 to 1.20 (microM) for P-inorg and 4.43 to 5.56 (microM) for P-org, and in sediments from 45.91 to 652.26 (microM g(-1)) for P-tot and 0.00 to 8.61 (microM g(-1)) for P-poly. Using a hierarchical sampling design and a simple model of variation of P (K(d) model) it was possible to demonstrate that urbanized and non-urbanized estuaries may act as sinks or sources of P. The variation of P analysis in different points along each of the six rivers showed that release and removal areas may occur within a same river independently of its urbanization. 相似文献
14.
Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous radiolarian zonation in Japan and in the western Pacific 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Abstract A radiolarian zonal scheme for the entire Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous using biostratigraphic data from both Japanese Island sections and the western Pacific seafloor is documented. The zonation is applicable to low and middle paleolatitude portions of the Paleo-Pacific ocean. Radiolarian bio-events such as the evolutionary first appearance biohorizon, first occurrence biohorizon, and last occurrence biohorizon were used to define zones. The 11 zones proposed are, in ascending order, Parahsuum simplum, Trillus elkhornensis, Laxtorum(?) jurassicum, Tricolocapsa plicarum, Tricolocapsa conexa, Stylocapsa(?) spiralis, Hsuum maxwelli, Pseudodictyomitra primitiva, Pseudodictyomitra carpatica, Cecrops sep-temporatus, and Acanthocircus carinatus zones. Preliminary age assignments for these zones are presented. 相似文献
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This Special Issue of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms develops from the ‘Geomorphology: a 2020 Vision’ Annual Conference of the British Society for Geomorphology, organised at the University of Birmingham, UK, in July 2007. Entitled ‘New Developments in Process Understanding and Modelling in Geomorphology’, the Issue comprises a vibrant selection of 10 ‘process’ papers from leading researchers in geomorphological processes who presented at Birmingham. It aims to provide a readily accessible source of new and emerging ideas in understanding different landform processes across a range of space and time scales, based on innovations in geomorphological modelling and monitoring. The last few years have seen significant and exciting changes in geomorphology, especially in conceptual developments, numerical simulations, monitoring methodologies, data‐acquisition strategies and dating techniques. The resultant empirical datasets, theory development and modelling results have generated substantial advances in the understanding of geomorphological processes, form‐process feedbacks, scale impacts, long‐term landform evolution, the effects of climate and environmental change, and human impacts and management strategies. The Special Issue attempts to address the following key challenges: (a) to build on our Conference theme ‘Geomorphology: a 2020 Vision’, by identifying fundamental areas where doors need to be opened, for example in theory development, conceptual understanding, model evaluation, integration of the chemistry, physics, biology and mathematics of geomorphological processes, experimental validation, data needs and monitoring requirements; (b) to look forward to the next decade and beyond, and critically examine some of the approaches we will need for the questions ahead; and (c) to stimulate new research in the geomorphological sciences by highlighting both research gaps and promising developments, including emerging process modelling approaches, monitoring technologies and robust datasets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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本文对中国石油、天然气资源作了重点的介绍.强调了这些资源对我国国民经济和国防建设的重要性.目前,我国油气资源短缺的现象日益严重.作者指明了在前第三纪海相残留盆地中勘探这些资源,会带来光明的前景. 相似文献
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Numerous soil pipes are reported from a small catchment in an area of kandoid (kaolin-rich) soils and 2375 mm annual rainfall in the humid tropical volcanic island of Dominica, West Indies. Two spot surveys in August 1982 at baseflow during the wet season indicated that pipes contributed at least 14–16 per cent of streamflow. Sampled pipeflow was of similar chemical composition to the baseflow-dominated streamwater. Specific conductance (249–420 μS cm?1) and silica (75 mg l?1) levels of pipeflow were high and suggested that the pipes tapped solute-rich water close to the soil-rock interface. The principal pipes flow perennially and showed little response to daily rainfalls of up to 43 mm during the monitoring period. 相似文献