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以所建立的川滇地区主要活动块体及其周边断裂带的模型和前期利用GPS及水准资料反演所得到的断裂带长期运动速率作为基础,将汶川地震引起的同震错动量加入到三维断裂几何模型中,计算出汶川地震大范围的同震形变场,然后基于该同震形变场和活动断裂三维几何模型反演了各条断裂对该同震形变场的反映,并通过与各断裂带长期运动速率对比,得到了汶川地震对川滇地区各主要活动断裂带发震趋势的影响．结果表明,在汶川地震引起的同震形变场作用下,在川滇交界东部地区,龙门山断裂带南西段地震危险性提前了305a,鲜水河断裂带南东段大致提前了19a,安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带分别提前了21a和12a,大凉山断裂带北段和南段分别提前了9.1a和18a,马边断裂带的地震危险性则提前了51a;对川滇交界西部的丽江——小金河断裂带南西段、怒江断裂带、龙陵——澜沧断裂带、南汀河断裂带、中甸断裂带等断裂带地震的能量积累也有促进作用;相反在鲜水河断裂带北西段、小江断裂带等历史地震频发的断裂带上,地震危险性具有一定的减速作用． 相似文献
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《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(4):100032
Slip rate along the major active fault is an important parameter in the quantitative study of active tectonics. It is the average rate of fault slip during a certain period of time, reflecting the rate of strain energy accumulation on the fault zone. It cannot only be directly applied to evaluate the activity of the fault, the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, but also important basic data for the study of geodynamics. However, due to the nonstandardized process of obtaining fault slip rates for a given strike-slip fault, the results could be diverse based on various methods by different researchers. In this review, we analyzed the main advances in the approaches to obtain fault slip rate. We found that there are four main sources affecting the final results of slip rate: the displacement along the fault, the dating of the corresponding displacement, the fitting of the displacement and corresponding dating results, and paleoslip analysis. The main advances in obtaining fault slip rates are based on improving the reliability of the above four main factors. To obtain a more reasonable and reliable slip rate for a given fault, it is necessary to select a suitable method according to the specific situation. 相似文献
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Fault slip rate is one of the most important subjects in active tectonics research, which reveals the activity and seismic potential of a fault. Due to the improvement of dating precision with the development of dating methods, Holocene geological markers, even the young markers of thousands or hundreds of years old, are widely used in fault slip rate calculation. Usually, uncertainties from a single event and erosion of the accumulated offsets are involved in fault slip rate determination. Two types of uncertainties are related to a single event; the first is the time elapsed since the latest (the most recent) event; the second is the period since the formation of the geological marker to the occurrence of the first event. High‐slip‐rate faults are more sensitive to these uncertainties than low‐slip‐rate faults. In this study, we studied quantitatively the effects of a single event on fault slip rate following the three classic earthquake models: the characteristic earthquake, uniform slip and variable slip models. We suggest that the erosion of the accumulated offset–lateral erosion on a strike‐slip fault, should also be considered in fault slip estimation. Therefore, we propose a differential method to obtain a reliable fault slip rate. In the differential method, the slip rate is the ratio of offset differentials and corresponding age differentials between the older and younger terraces along strike‐slip faults. This kind of differential method could avoid the uncertainties from the first and latest events, as well as that from the lateral erosion. By applying the differential method, we got the revised slip rates of ∼5–10 mm/year on the Altyn Tagh and Kunlun faults. These low slip rates could fit previous geodetic and geological fault slip rates and shortening rates as well as the millennial recurrence intervals of strong earthquakes along the major segments of these faults. 相似文献
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汶川8级大地震活动断裂滑动速率异常低的比较讨论 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文在收集1900—2008年东亚大陆西部三角地震区内8次陆内逆冲型浅源大地震(M≥7.5)活动断裂的滑动速率基础上, 初步比较分析表明东亚大三角地震区陆内逆冲型孕震断层的缩短或垂直平均滑动速率≤12 mm/a; 2008年四川汶川8.0级大地震发生在滑动速率异常低(0.2～1.0 mm/a)的龙门山活动断层上; 地震震级大小和滑动速率大小之间的关系并没有显示出线性的简单相关关系; 地震震级大小可能与多种因素有关, 包括断层的地质年代、 尺度(长度、 宽度和深度)、 活动速率和历史、 物性, 以及应力-应变本构关系和动力学环境等, 需要深入研究。 相似文献
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如何准确测定断裂滑动速率是近年来活动构造研究的前沿与热点.随着高精度地形数据获取手段与第四纪测年方法的不断进步，位错量和地貌面年龄的精度均得到大大提高.在进行滑动速率计算时还要考虑地质过程是否合理，蒙特卡洛方法为获取更加符合地质过程的滑动速率提供了重要工具.本文以滑动速率研究程度较低的海原断裂带老虎山段为例，基于LiDAR高精度地形数据，测得T1—T4阶地面年龄分别为1~3 ka，9~11 ka，15~17 ka，40~45 ka，陡坎前缘的位错分别为7~14 m，28~36 m，59~66 m，180~190 m.综合多地点的左旋走滑位错量及不同时代的地貌面年龄数据，并考虑滑动历史，利用蒙特卡洛模拟方法，将位错-时间两个参数的不确定性定量化，限定老虎山断裂45 ka以来平均滑动速率为4.3±0.16 mm·a-1，17ka以来的平均滑动速率为4.0±0.15 mm·a-1，与前人研究得到的狭义海原断裂滑动速率4.5±1.0 mm·a-1基本一致.综合整个海原断裂带滑动速率，本文结果更支持低滑动速率变化趋势，即海原断裂带整体滑动速率趋于稳定，向东至六盘山断裂，滑动速率开始降低，推测海原断裂带的左旋走滑在尾端主要为马东山—六盘山隆起所吸收.结合老虎山断裂历史地震资料和深部锁闭浅部蠕滑的动力学特征，推测老虎山断裂具备与相邻断裂一起触发强震的能力. 相似文献
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小江断裂带中段水系位移值的分组特征及其与地震活动的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
小江断裂带中段东西支断裂的水平位移具有明显的分组性，小量级位移之间具有线性增量关系，东支断裂中段增量为９～１２ｍ，南段为８～１２ｍ，西支断裂为８～１１ｍ。这种线性特征反映了小江东西支断裂具有特征型地震的活动特征，断裂位移的分组性也反映出强震之间的中、小地震和蠕滑运动产生的位移特征。可以用这些增量估计小江断裂带强震的复发周期；同时，通过与强震位移分布的对比来估计次级地震的活动强度。大量级位移之间具有倍数关系，其中，某些具特征量的位移组可能反映了与气候变化相关的时间域内的断裂位移情况。 相似文献
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本文以青藏高原东南缘南段1999—2017年的GPS速度场为主,结合小震分布、历史地震和活断层探测等资料,首先,基于Okada断层位错模型反演了研究区域主要活断层的滑动速率;其次,以断层滑动速率和GPS速度场观测资料作为约束,利用DEFNODE负位错方法反演了研究区域的块体内部变形及主要活断层的闭锁程度和滑动亏损;最后,计算研究区域现今应变率场,并结合Pms和XKS剪切波分裂结果,探讨分析了青藏高原东南缘的动力学特征.研究结果表明:(1)红河断裂带现今滑动速率明显低于南华—楚雄—建水断裂和无量山断裂;(2)红河断裂带的元江—元阳段、鹤庆—洱源段和小江断裂带北段处于强闭锁状态,南华—楚雄—建水断裂带和无量山断裂带中—北段的闭锁程度强于南段;(3)青藏高原东南缘南段现今地壳变形表现为近E-W向的拉张和近N-S向的挤压,最大剪切方向与Pms和XKS剪切波分裂的快波方向呈一定角度,表明地壳与地幔处于完全解耦状态,而中-下地壳低速层可能是壳幔解耦的主要原因之一;(4)青藏高原东南缘的整体变形受控于印度板块的推挤、印缅俯冲带的深源俯冲以及缅甸微板块与巽他板块的后撤/回退的共同作用. 相似文献
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Shen Jun Wang Yipeng Song Fangmin Yu Weixian Cao Zhongquan Shen Xuhui Hou Xueying and Li ZhixiangInstitute of Geology SSB Beijing ChinaInstitute of Earthquake Engineering Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province Kunming China 《中国地震研究》1998,(2)
The data of the strike-slip offset along the Xiaojiang active fault can be obviously grouped.The groups of small orders of magnitude data within 100 m show clear linear characteristics of increments between 8 m and 12 m,which indicates that the segments of the Xiaojiang active fault is of characteristic seismicity and the distribution of the values of each group indicates that there are smaller earthquakes and creep between two large earthquakes along each segment of the Xiaojiang active fault.The interval between two characteristic large earthquakes can be calculated with the increments for two groups of slip data and the slip rate of the fault.Furthermore,the frequency of smaller earthquakes can also be estimated by comparing the distributions of the displacements of the large earthquakes with the distributions of the values of each group of data.The groups of large slip displacements show that there is close relationship between the records of the displacements of the fault and the changes of the cli 相似文献
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ＳｏｍｅｇｅｏｌｏｇｉｃｓｉｇｎａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｆａｕｌｔｃｒｅｐｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌａｒｅａｏｆＣｈｉｎａＨＯＮＧＦＡＸＩＡＮＧ（向宏发）ＳＨＵＮＭＩＮＧＵＯ（虢顺民）ＷＡＮＸＩＡＺＨＡＮＧ（张晚霞）ＢＩＮＧＬＩＡＮＧＺＨＡＮ... 相似文献
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本文利用青藏高原东北缘地区1991—2015年的GPS速度场资料, 基于弹性球面块体模型获得了区域活动断裂的滑动速率, 并讨论了断裂滑动速率分配的动力学意义。 反演结果表明, 青藏高原东北缘地区主要块体以北东向并兼顺时针旋转运动为主; 区域断裂平均闭锁深度为17 km; 另外, 各主要断裂滑动速率也不尽相同。 其中, 阿尔金断裂、 东昆仑断裂左旋走滑速率为10～12 mm/a, 祁连—海原断裂左旋走滑速率为3～5 mm/a, 鄂拉山断裂、 拉脊山断裂右旋走滑速率为1～3 mm/a。 阿尔金断裂、 祁连—海原断裂、 东昆仑断裂的走滑速率被其端部的山脉隆起和逆冲断裂所吸收和转换, 鄂拉山断裂和拉脊山断裂则起到了调节块体间运动平衡的作用。 相似文献
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The Qujiang Fault is one of the most seismically active faults in western Yunnan, China and is considered to be the seismogenic fault of the 1970 MS7.7 Tonghai earthquake. The Qujiang Fault is located at the southeastern tip of the Sichuan-Yunnan block. In this study, we examine the geometry, kinematics, and geomorphology of this fault through field observations and satellite images. The fault is characterized by dextral strike-slip movements with dip-slip components and can be divided into northwest and southeast segments according to different kinematics. The northwest segment shows right-lateral strike-slip with normal components, whereas it is characterized by dextral movements with the northeast wall thrusting over the opposite in the southeast segment. The offset landforms are well developed along the strike of the fault with displacements ranging from 3.7m to 830m. The Late Quaternary right-lateral slip rate was determined to be 2.3～4.0mm/a through dating and measuring on the offset features. The variation of the slip and uplift rates along the fault strike corresponds well to the fault kinematics segmentation: the slip rate on the northwest segment is above 3mm/a with an uplift rate of 0.6～0.8mm/a; however, influenced by the Xiaojiang Fault, the southeast segment shows apparent thrust components. The slip rate decreases to below 3.0mm/a with an uplift rate of 1.1mm/a, indicating different uplift between the northwest and southeast segments. 相似文献
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晚第四纪安宁河活断裂分段的基本特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对活动断裂的研究结果表明,它们具有明显的分段特征。对安宁河活断裂填图结果表明,无论从断裂的几何结构、断裂的活动时间、滑动速率、地震地表破裂和强震-中强震分布都具有明显的分段性。 相似文献
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ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＫａｚｋｅａｅｒｔｅｆａｕｌｔｚｏｎｅａｂｏｕｔ 1 0 0ｋｉｌｏｍｅｔｅｒｓｌｏｎｇ (Ｆｉｇ .1 ) ,ｉｓｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎｌｉｍｂｏｆｔｈｅｌａｔｅｓｔｄｅｆｏｒ ｍａｔｉｏｎｂｅｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｍａｒｇｉｎｏｆＰａｍｉｒｓ (ＣｈｅｎＪｉｅ ,ｅｔａｌ,1 997) .Ｍａｎｙｍｏｄｅｒａｔｅｌｙｓｔｒｏｎｇｅａｒｔｈ ｑｕａｋｅｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄａｌｏｎｇｔｈｉｓｚｏｎｅ (ＦｅｎｇＸｉａｎｙｕｅ ,ｅｔａｌ,1 987) .ＴｈｅｌａｔｅＱｕａｔｅｒｎａｒｙｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ… 相似文献
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本文首先沿走向将鲜水河断裂带划分为炉霍、道孚、乾宁、康定和磨西五个断裂段,利用沿断裂带布设的跨断层短基线、短水准场地测量资料计算了近场的断层活动参数,利用覆盖断裂带相对较大区域的重力、GPS观测资料计算了重力场动态变化、GPS速度场.基于重力场动态变化和GPS速度场采用蚁群算法和粒子群算法(具有全局优化的优势)分别反演计算了五个断裂段断层活动参数,将结果中的走滑分量作为五个断裂段的现今走滑速率.通过对以上三类现今走滑速率及五个断裂段的地质平均滑动速率进行融合与对比分析,将重力资料反演计算结果作为断裂带整体走滑速率,与跨断层短基线、短水准测量计算的断层滑动速率结果进行对比分析,初步判定了各跨断层短基线、短水准场地所跨断裂的性质,最终给出了五个断裂段的现今整体左旋走滑速率和部分分支断裂左旋走滑速率,结果为:(1)炉霍段为9.13mm·a~(-1),虾拉沱区域西支断裂为2.46mm·a~(-1),东支断裂为5.84mm·a~(-1).(2)道孚段为8.57mm·a~(-1),东南段沟普区域西支断裂为1.78mm·a~(-1),东支断裂为6.79mm·a~(-1).(3)乾宁段为7.67mm·a~(-1).(4)康定段为6.14mm·a~(-1).(5)磨西段为4.41mm·a~(-1).本文还定性讨论了断裂带两侧重力、GPS测点覆盖范围内活动地块的三维弹塑性变形和古地震、历史地震造成的永久位错. 相似文献