共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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为了进一步明确湖泊及流域科学学科发展方向 ,研讨“十五”及 2 0 1 0年湖泊及流域科学优先资助领域及重点研究方向 ,国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部联合中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所于 2 0 0 2年 3月 2 6 - 2 8日在南京召开了“湖泊及流域科学学科发展与优先领域学术研讨会” .来自中国科学院、水利部、南京大学、东南大学、河海大学、华东师范大学、浙江大学等 1 5个单位的专家、学者 6 5人参加了会议 .国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部柴育成副主任、宋长青处长出席会议并发表讲话 ,中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所秦伯强常务副所… 相似文献
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人类世可能成为一个全新的地质时期,以描述人类活动对地球环境造成极为深远的影响,目前已被广泛讨论。湖泊及流域生态系统作为与人类社会最密切的地球单元之一,受到人类活动显著影响,相关研究成果能为理解人类世做出贡献。本文从湖泊流域生态系统和人类世本身特征为切入点,讨论了湖泊及流域生态系统演化对人类世研究的重要意义。我们认为,湖泊具有相对独立的整体,清晰的内部作用关系、完备的理论支持和时空数据支撑,能够为人类世地球各圈层交互作用提供研究框架。湖泊流域生态系统演化的稳态转换与地球环境进入新的地质时期具有诸多相似之处,相关研究成果能够更好地界定人类世开始时间、总体特征以及演变过程和机制。本文指出人类世湖泊及流域生态系统演化研究依然面临诸多挑战,并提出了对未来相关研究的展望。 相似文献
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鄱阳湖湖泊流域系统水文水动力联合模拟 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
本文以鄱阳湖湖泊流域系统为研究对象,鉴于该湖泊流域系统尺度较大,下垫面自然属性呈现高度空间异质性且具有流域-平原区-湖泊不同机制的水文水动力过程,为了真实描述湖泊流域间的水文水动力联系及反映不同过程间的作用机制,构建了鄱阳湖湖泊流域联合模拟模型.该模型基于自主研发的流域分布式水文模型WATLAC和湖滨平原区产流模型以及水动力模型MIKE 21 3个不同功能子模型的连接来实现该复杂系统的模拟.模型的联合采用输入-输出驱动及子模型的顺序执行进程,即将五大子流域与平原区入湖径流量作为输入条件来驱动湖泊水动力模型,模拟湖泊水位对流域入湖径流量的响应.以2000-2005年鄱阳湖流域6个水文站点的河道径流量、流域基流指数以及湖泊4个站点的水位资料来率定模型,其中各站点日径流量拟合的纳希效率系数Ens为0.71~0.84,确定性系数R2介于0.70~0.88之间,而湖泊各站点水位拟合的纳希效率系数Ens变化为0.88~0.98,确定性系数R2为0.96~0.98,均取得令人满意的率定结果.本文提出的鄱阳湖湖泊流域系统水文水动力联合模拟模型能较为理想再现湖泊水位对流域降雨-径流过程的响应.水位模拟结果进一步表明,该联合模型能用来获取重要的水动力空间变化特征.该模型可作为有效工具定量揭示湖泊流域系统水文水动力过程对气候变化和流域人类活动的响应. 相似文献
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Ronald R. Gutierrez Alice Lefebvre Francisco Núñez-González Humberto Avila 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(1):47-54
In recent years, open and data-driven science has fostered very important scientific breakthroughs. This study describes the challenges and opportunities for the scientific community devoted to bed form dynamics research in adopting such scientific paradigms through, for example, engineered data sharing, formal recognition of scientists who collect the data, and collaborative development of free accessible software. It highlights that once these actions are completed, the potential application of deep learning techniques could substantially improve bed form models and the scientific understanding of bed form dynamics. Likewise, it discusses the potential of Bedforms-ATM, a free available software, to standardize some bed form data analysis techniques. We propose that the technical challenges be tackled by following scholarly accepted/proposed standards (e.g. FAIR Guiding Principles, Geoscience Papers of the Future), using the body of knowledge being built on the matter by some institutions (e.g. Federation of Earth Science Information Partners), and through technical discussions at scientific meetings such as MARID. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Patterns,puzzles and people: implementing hydrologic synthesis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sally E. Thompson C. J. Harman R. Schumer J. S. Wilson N. B. Basu P. D. Brooks S. D. Donner M. A. Hassan A. I. Packman P. S. C. Rao P. A. Troch M. Sivapalan 《水文研究》2011,25(20):3256-3266
There have been several calls made for hydrologic synthesis research: namely activities which unify diverse data sources across sites, scales and disciplines to uncover new connections and to promote a holistic understanding of water science. This paper draws on the NSF‐funded Hydrological Synthesis Project (HSP) run by the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign to elucidate mechanisms, benefits and challenges of implementing hydrologic synthesis research from the perspectives of participants in a pilot research study. Two broadly different mechanisms of implementing synthesis were adopted in the HSP: 6‐week Summer Institutes in which Ph.D. students conducted team‐based research under the guidance of faculty mentors, and focused workshops which disseminated knowledge and shared experiences between scientists at many different career levels. The Summer Institutes were a test bed in which new ideas could be explored, assisted students in developing a wide range of skills, and were highly productive, but posed challenges for mentors and students because the ‘new’ research topics initiated during the Institutes' programmes needed to be completed in competition with students' ongoing Ph.D. research or mentor's existing research programs. The workshop‐based model circumvented this conflict and was also highly productive, but did not offer the same opportunity to experiment with new ideas as part of the synthesis research. Leadership, trust, flexibility and long gestation times were all important to bringing synthesis research to a positive resolution. Funding models that embrace the exploratory aspects of synthesis and provide adequate support to mentors and students over these long timescales would facilitate future hydrologic synthesis research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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２１世纪的生命科学有两大前沿领域：分子生物学和神经生物学，前者研究人体生命过程的基因调控机制，而神经生物学则以探索人脑思维的奥秘为主要目标，正电子层析成像（ＰＥＴ）是研究人体内部分子相互作用动力学的和最有力的方法，并可研究脑的功能定位，ＰＥＴ的化学精度已达到ｐ ｍｏｌ水平，其空间分辨率为毫米数量级。ＰＥＴ将对２１世纪生命科学的巨大进展，起决定性的推动作用。 相似文献
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地震科学是一门观测科学,地震科学的发展依赖于技术的进步和基础数据的积累,需要国家多渠道财政长期支持。 相似文献
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以中国地震局地球物理研究所图书资料为例,概述了中国地震科学及其图书资料的发展历史,分析了当前存在的分类与学科发展的不适应情况,最后就进一步完善分类法提出了一些建设性意见。 相似文献
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在收集、整理和编译国外有关论坛和研讨会资料的基础上,给出了目前国际风险科学研究的动态,综述了地震灾害风险评估和减轻地震易损性方面的研究进展,介绍了目前有关国家的地震灾害风险减轻的理论研究和减灾计划与行动。 相似文献