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1.
中国大陆地震活动受到周围板块运动的影响,通常主要考虑西南印度板块的碰撞与青藏高原的隆升的影响,实际上其他方向的板块也有影响,本文主要讨论东南部澳大利亚等板块活动对大陆地震活动的影响.  相似文献   

2.
陶玮  洪汉净  刘培洵  于泳  郑秀珍 《地震》2003,23(2):48-57
根据主要构造分布、震源机制解分布及地震活动状况,将中国大陆及邻区分成20个单元,6个区。利用中国地震局地球物理研究所提供的地震目录,计算近百年来各单元和各区的6级以上强震释放应变能,做出时间滑动后的应变能—时间曲线图,分析认为:(a)中国大陆及邻区百年来的强震活动是一个复杂的时空动态过程,每个区、带有其高、低潮,然而各地区没有统一的地震释放应变能高潮与低潮;(b)强震的活动与平静只是相对而言的,没有绝对的活动或平静;(c)微动态期划分较好的体现了强震活动特征,每个微动态期内至少有一个高潮期,且强震集中在一个主体地区内发生,各搬动态期的能量可以有起伏。通过进一步的讨论和分析,提出中国大陆地壳变形主要受三方面因素的控制:(1)印度板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾板块的活动及其变化控制中国强震活动图像的总体格局;(2)大陆地壳结构的非均匀性及其变化影响了主体地区的形态结构;(3)地壳形变的继承性影响强震活动主体地区形成与变迁的过程。  相似文献   

3.
中国大陆现今实测地应力场的状态与板块构造环境、活动断裂带分布、地形地貌以及地壳结构呈现一定相关性. 在中国大陆西缘,印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆发生陆碰撞,在中国大陆东缘,菲律宾海板块、太平洋板块俯冲到欧亚板块之下. 中国大陆内部被大型活动断裂带分割为多个块体,各个块体的地壳结构和厚度呈不均匀分布,地形地貌起伏具有很大的差异. 笔者以中国大陆块体模型为基础,把板块构造作用和重力势作为主要影响地应力状态的两个主要要素,在现今活动构造、GPS和实测地应力等成果的约束下,利用线性黏弹体球壳有限元模拟分析了中国大陆现今地应力场的分布特征和控制因素. 结果表明: (1)构造应力场总体上呈现出西部挤压,东部拉张的特征,印度板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞形成了青藏高原及其周缘的挤压性质的构造应力场,而东部菲律宾板块与太平洋板块的俯冲形成了黄海、东海和环渤海区域的拉张性质的构造应力场,中间为拉张环境和挤压环境的过渡,最大主应力的方向受到板块构造环境和活动构造分布的控制;(2)重力的影响主要体现在地形梯度大和地壳厚度结构变化大的地壳浅部区域,在藏南、滇西北局部地区的地壳浅部由于受到重力势控制,呈现为张性应力场,在塔里木地区由于重力势引起的应力场与构造应力场同为挤压性质,因此该区的挤压强度得以增加;(3)中国大陆浅部地应力场的状态主要受到区域板块构造环境、块体边界活动构造带的展布和地形的控制,总体上以南北构造带为界,西部以较强的压性构造环境为主,东部为较弱的压性构造环境,藏南和滇西北局部地区存在有张性构造环境;构造应力对地应力的贡献比重随着深度增加而增加;(4)采用黏弹性模型的构造应力场模拟结果比完全弹性模型的模拟结果能够更好地与实测地应力场相吻合,利用完全弹性模型分析由地震等诱发的地应力瞬时变化是有效的;(5)青藏高原东南缘最大主应力方向发生了较大的偏转,其主要控制因素有:印度板块持续的碰撞、中下地壳对上地壳拖曳以及印度板块通过实皆断裂对欧亚板块的剪切拉伸作用. 中国大陆现今地应力场是整个地壳岩石黏弹特性长期演化和断裂活动的结果,是地应力场动态演化过程中在现今时间点上的状态,受到板块构造环境、大陆内部活动断裂分布、地形地貌和地壳结构等因素不同程度的控制,模拟结果为中国大陆地应力场提供了一个定量的参考模型.  相似文献   

4.
分析中国大陆与周边板块边界、尤其是西部地震“大三角”地区强震活动的关系认为,中国大陆与周边板块边界带的强震活动之间存在互动关系,而不完全是后者对前者的触发作用。进而根据中国大陆地震构造环境、大尺度地壳运动变形动态与强震活动状况,研究和探讨了这种“互动关系”可能的构造动力机理和我国大陆未来地震活动的发展趋势。  相似文献   

5.
中国大陆地壳运动观测研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
游新兆  杨少敏  王琪 《地震》2012,32(2):31-39
本文利用国家重大科技基础设施“中国大陆构造环境监测网络”1972个站两期GNSS观测资料绘制2009-2011年中国大陆地壳运动图.该图反映了2011东日本大地震同震形变对我国东部地壳运动及变形状态的巨大影响,也反映2008汶川地震和2001昆仑山口西地震震后变形对青藏高原构造应力场的调整过程,较为完整地展示印度板块挤...  相似文献   

6.
集结“中国(东亚)大陆构造与动力学”为主题的科学与技术前沿论坛的11个论题,梳理了中国(东亚)大陆构造与动力学领域的四大关键问题:(1)古大陆、古环境、古构造及中国(东亚)古大陆的形成;(2)中国大陆增生与碰撞造山系的造山过程;(3)中国大陆的盆.山体系及近海新生代盆地的形成演化;(4)中国大陆的现代地壳活动及深部结构.综述了中国(东亚)大陆在长期地质历史中的聚合、裂解、碰撞和造山的过程,突显中国大陆构造体制的长期性、复杂性、叠置性、再造性和与洋.陆转换的成因联系.中国(东亚)三大构造域的关系、地体边界的超高压变质带和深地幔作用、印度/亚洲碰撞和青藏高原的隆升、近海新生代盆地的形成,大型断裂与地震、华南大地构造等问题已成为当前中国大陆构造及动力学领域关注的热点.  相似文献   

7.
大陆地震     
1.引言从地质学的观点出发,地震与地壳不同深度岩层中由构造运动产生的应力积累、脉冲式地释放有关。新的全球构造学现在已成为地震成因广泛流传的学说:地震发生在巨大岩石层板块相互碰撞的边缘。碰撞产生了地震,其震源位于地球深部。但是也有不少破坏性地震根本没有发生在板块边缘,而是在它们的后方部位,其震源并不深。从板块构造的角度来说,这类地震有些不合理。然而,这真的是不合理吗?大陆内部的震源并非与板块的漂移有关,而是与大陆地壳所特有的结构和发展过程有关。  相似文献   

8.
探讨了2008年5月12日发生的汶川(31°00′N,103°24′E)Ms8.0巨震对中国东部地区地震形势的影响.(1 中国大陆地震活动的动力主要来源于西南侧印度板块碰撞、东部太平洋板块俯冲和挤压以及东南部的菲律宾板块作用等,并在大陆内部形成了多条大的活动构造.这些板块之间、断裂之间的相互作用,决定了大陆内部地震活动呈现西强东弱,东西呼应的基本格局.  相似文献   

9.
2001年以来全球8级地震呈现新的活跃态势,7.5级以上强震在空间上呈优势分布,强震相对集中在西太平洋地震带和欧亚地震带,印度—澳大利亚板块的汇聚边界带上尤为突出。2009年全球发生20次7级以上强震,其中有15次发生在印度—澳大利亚板块,近期仍具有延续全球强震活动优势空间分布。本文在以往关于印度—澳大利亚板块运动方式以及相关地震活动研究基础上,将印度—澳大利亚板块分为印度亚板块和澳大利亚板块,依据强震应变释放资料分析中国大陆西部、印度板块边界和澳大利亚板块边界之间强震活动可能的相关性。结果表明,中国大陆西部地区与印度板块边界的强震活动有较好的相关性,印度板块边界与澳大利亚板块边界活动也有一定的相关性。1914—1993年时段的中国大陆西部地区5个完整强震释放时段与印度板块地震活动表现出很强的相关性,且中国大陆西部地区强震活动相对印度板块边界地区滞后0~5年,这对于中国大陆地区强震趋势跟踪具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

10.
田建慧  罗艳 《地震》2019,39(2):110-121
本文收集了1976—2018年发生在中国大陆及其周边地区(15°~55°N, 65°~125°E)的4303个地震震源机制解, 分析了该区震源机制解和P、 T轴空间分布特征, 并使用这些震源机制解, 反演得到了中国大陆及周边地区二维构造应力场分布。 应力场反演结果表明, 云南大部、 青藏高原大部以及华北华南大部以走滑型应力性质为主, 印度洋板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞控制着中国西部地区, 大量的逆断型地震集中分布在青藏高原周缘和西域活动地块的天山地区。 青藏高原内部也存在正断型地震, 且应力场方向在26°N发生了很大的变化。 位于青藏高原东构造线以南的滇缅活动块体, 最大主压应力σ1方向在大致100°E发生突变, 由以西的NNE方向偏转到NNW方向。 中国东部的东北块体到华北块体再到华南块体, 最大主压应力方向有一个从NE向逐渐转变成EW向再变化到NW向的旋转趋势。 应力场总体结果表明, 中国东部应力场主要受到太平洋板块和菲律宾板块对欧亚大陆俯冲的作用, 中国西部主要受印度板块向北碰撞欧亚大陆的影响, 块体内部相互作用、 块体与断裂带相互作用也对应力场变化产生影响。  相似文献   

11.
A present-day tectonic stress map for eastern Asia region   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15  
Introduction Tectonically the eastern Asia refers to the region bounded by the following three active tec-tonic zones: in the east the western Pacific subduction zone, including Japan trench, Ryukyu trench and Philippine trench; in the southwest the Himalaya continental collision zone and the Burma-arc-Java-trench subduction zone; in the northwest the Tianshan-Baikal continental defor-mation zone (Figure 6). In the world the eastern Asia is one of the regions with the strongest pre-sent-da…  相似文献   

12.
The eastern Anatolia is a continental collisional zone between the Arabia-Eurasia plates and is currently being accompanied by the westward escape of the Anatolian crustal block to the west-southwest along two major strike-slip fault zones, the NATF and the EATF. Although these major fault zones have experienced historical earthquakes with moderate to high magnitude, notably there is a low seismicity zone on the active EATF between the Bitlis and Pötürge massifs. The low seismicity zone is characterized by thinner crustal structure relative to its environs, the shallow Curie Point Depth (SCPD, ca 12–14 km in between 39–40°E and 38.5–39°N in the easternmost part of the Anatolian plate) and moderate to high b values (more than 0.7). We consider that the shallow CPD and moderate to high b values in the low seismicity zone characterized by thinner crustal area are closely related with the higher thermal structure of the crust, which most probably resulted from crust-hot asthenospheric mantle interactions.  相似文献   

13.
This report describes an interpretation of the tectonics of central Asia made from seismic and geologic data. It is suggested that central Asia is not a tectonically passive unit, as previously proposed by others, responding solely to the convergence of the Indian plate with Asia. We postulate that the tectonics of central Asia can be represented by the motion of a few continental blocks which are influenced by spreading from the Baikal rift zone as well as compression due to the collision of the Indian plate. Here, a block is defined as a tectonic unit, within a continental plate, with boundaries delineated by broad zones of high seismicity with respect to the interior of the unit. Five tectonic units are postulated for central Asia. These are: the Siberian block, the East and West China blocks, the Southeast Asian block; and the Indian plate. An unusual phenomenon is noted along the boundary between the Siberian and West China blocks. There is general horizontal crustal compression along this boundary from the Hindu Kush north-eastward to the southern tip of Lake Baikal; however, there is general horizontal extension eastward from Lake Baikal through the Stanovoy range. Thus the West China block, to the south of this boundary, seems to be turning clockwise about a point near the southern tip of Lake Baikal. The major known faults within this block, which strike mainly northwest-southeast, may be interpreted as shear zones where interior stresses, due to the block rotation, are released. We cannot support this suggestion with an analytical model because of the uncertainties in various model parameters and geometries. The suggested model gives a possible explanation of why India, to the south of the Himalayas, is almost completely aseismic while the regions to the north and northeast have higher seismicity.  相似文献   

14.
东亚及西太平洋边缘海高分辨率面波层析成像   总被引:72,自引:20,他引:72       下载免费PDF全文
根据欧亚大陆及西太平洋地区58个数字地震台站约12000个长周期波形记录,挑选出4100条面波大圆传播路径,采用面波频散及波形拟合反演方法,对东亚及西太平洋边缘海地区(60°E-160°E,20°S-60°N)的地壳上地幔进行了高分辨率三维S波速度成像. 结果表明,从上地壳到70km深,在东亚东部及西太平洋边缘海地区为高速分布,西部以青藏高原为中心呈极低速分布. 自地中海经土耳其、伊朗、喜马拉雅山到缅甸、印尼群岛的特提斯汇聚碰撞带,显示为低速异常链. 从85km至250km深,在东亚东部及西太平洋边缘海,自北向南显示出一条巨型低速异常带,西部地区为高速异常分布.以东经110°E为界,东西两部分岩石圈、软流圈的结构与深部动力过程有着巨大的差异. 此界线以西主要是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞引起的岩石圈汇聚增厚区,东部则主要是由于软流圈上涌(地幔热物质上升)引起的岩石圈拉张减薄区.  相似文献   

15.
苏鸾声 《地震研究》2001,24(3):219-224
根据图形对比、频度比及相关分析法,对1900年以来东南亚和中国大陆地震活动的关系进行了研究,结果表明,东南亚地区和中国大陆7级地震活动是相关的。东南亚地区7级地震活动对中国大陆地震活动的影响可迟后1,2年;根据2000年全球7级大震在东南亚地区出现相对集中的情况,可以预测中国大陆在2001或2002年发生7级以上地震的可能性很大。  相似文献   

16.
Climatic variations over Eastern Asia, including the Tibetan Plateau, were analysed using meteorological data for 32 points in the period 1971 to 2000. Changes in heat and water balances were examined using potential evaporation EP, and a wetness index WI, as suggested by Kondo and Xu ( 1997a,b ). Climate zones, including the humid, semi‐humid, semi‐arid and arid climate types, in Eastern Asia identified by the wetness index matched the vegetation distribution. Average monthly temperatures increased over the 30 years, with the sharpest increase in February. In general, temperature increases were larger in the north than in the south. Air temperature increased by more than 0·05 K yr−1 in northern China. The data showed that diurnal temperature ranges have decreased in recent years. From the Tibetan Plateau, through central China, to southern northeast China, there has been an increase in potential evaporation and pan evaporation, which may be related to both higher temperatures and a lack of surface water. Increasing long‐wave radiation flux is apparent in every month and in the interannual trends. This is in contrast to the solar radiation flux. On the other hand, trends for relative humidity and cloud cover were negative, but positive for water vapour pressure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

17.
Migration of strong earthquakes (M≥ 7.0) along the North-South Seismic Belt of China since 1500 AD shows three patterns: Approximately equal time and distance interval migration from N to S, varied patterns of migration from S to N and grouped strong earthquake activity in a certain period over the entire seismic belt. Analysis of strong earthquakes in the past hundred years shows that the seismicity on the North-South Seismic Belt is also associated with strong earthquake activities on the South Asia Seismic Belt which extends from Myanmar to Sumatra, Indonesia. Strong earthquakes on the former belt often lag several months or years behind the quakes occurring on the later belt. So, after the occurrence of the December 26, 2004 Ms8.7 great earthquake off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, the possibility of occurrence of strong earthquakes on the North-South Seismic Belt of China cannot be ignored. The abovementioned migration characteristics of strong earthquakes are related to the northeastward collision and subduction of the India Plate as well as the interaction between the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and the stable and hard Ordos and Alashan Massifs at its northeastern margin.  相似文献   

18.
The study of the netlike earthquake distribution indicates that in the central-eastern part of Asia continent there are two network systems: the central-eastern Asia system and the southeastern China system.As interpreted by the multilayer tectonic model,they might be a manifestation of the plastic-flow network systems in the lower lithosphere,including the lower crust and the mantle lid.Each network system is enclosed by different types of boundaries,including one driving boundary and some constraining and releasing boundaries.The two plastic-flow network systems with the Himalayan and Taiwan arcs as their driving boundaries play the role of controlling the intraplate tectonic deformation,stress field,seismicity,and subdivision of tectonic units.  相似文献   

19.
我国东南沿海滨海断裂带是1条活动强烈的地震构造带,位于珠江口盆地北缘的粤东滨海断裂带是其重要组成部分,确定该断裂带的几何展布位置与最新活动特征对科学评价华南沿海地区地震危险性、地震构造和地球动力学具有重要科学意义。通过综合分析近年来南海东北部海域地质地貌、地震反射剖面、深部探测、地震活动等方面的研究成果,总结了粤东滨海断裂带几何结构与分段活动性,研究成果已应用于粤东沿海重大工程选址和地震区划工作中。  相似文献   

20.
The seismicity of small earthquakes in the Weihe Graben has changed after the Wenchuan earthquake. In detail,the seismicity around the Qishan-Mazhao fault in the western Weihe Graben decreased, while the seismicity in Gaoling and Jingyang Counties in the middle portion of the Weihe Graben and that in the area between Hancheng and Yuncheng Cities in eastern Weihe Graben increased. In this paper, the stress loading on the major activity faults in the Weihe Graben induced by the Wenchuan earthquake is discussed based on the Coulomb stress theory.The results show that the Wenchuan earthquake has exerted an unloading effect in the western Weihe Graben and a loading effect in the middle and eastern Weihe Graben. The spatially varied Coulomb stress is consistent with the seismicity distribution, indicating that the seismicity change is closely associated with the stress loading caused by the Wenchuan earthquake.  相似文献   

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