共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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本文结合CR-InSAR、PS-InSAR技术,将CR、PS点联合构网,采用LAMBDA方法进行相位解缠,研究西秦岭北缘断裂带中断的微小形变,结果得出断裂带表现出左旋走滑运动特征,断裂带南盘平均形变速率为2.3mm·a~(-1),北盘平均形变速率为-1.5mm·a~(-1),南北两盘平均形变速率差异为3.8mm·a~(-1),与其他学者GPS、地质测年研究成果相近.对研究区内的角反射器(CR点)安装、影像特征分析及形变解算进行了较为详细的论述,并对比分析了CR、PS点联合构网和PS点单独构网解算结果,得出对地质环境复杂的断裂带做永久散射体形变研究时,CR、PS点联合构网解算结果好、研究结果可靠.说明CR、PS点联合构网中,CR点由于其自身的高稳定特性,对整个解算网络起到了很好的整体控制作用,保证了解算结果正确. 相似文献
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重复水准测量提供了点位高程变化的重要几何信息,但水准测量本身又受地球重力场的影响,在水准观测值中同时含有重力场的信息．重复绝对重力测量或相对重力测量提供了丰富的局部重力场的信息,由于点的重力值随高程变化而变化,因此,它们同时也含有点位高程变化的信息．经典平差方法将两类观测值分别解算,将互补的信息作为干扰加以改正,或作为噪声处理,这不仅丢失了有用的信息,而且有损于成果的精度．
本文在整体大地测量框架内构制了这两类观测值的联合解算模型,给出了解算方法,研究了形变场的拟合和预测问题,并用实例进行了验证,得到了一些有益的结果．研究表明:联合解算可同时给出地面点的高程及其变化率和局部重力场的参数及其变化率,有利于信息的提取;联合解算的精度优于单独解算的结果;秩亏抗差解和拟稳抗差解分别优于相应的非抗差解;拟稳抗差解算方法自动选择拟稳点,有效地抵制了粗差和形变异常对起算基准的干扰;对于多期复测的资料,使用动态拟稳抗差估计,不仅能动态地寻找可靠的拟稳点,而且能保证动态变化参数免受或少受各历元观测粗差的干扰,可明显地提高动态参数的验后精度;当点位丰富时,建立形变模型并据此内插未测点的变形和推测某个时刻地壳的形变状态也是可行的． 相似文献
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差分干涉测量技术(differential interferometry technique,D-InSAR)是在InSAR技术基础上发展起来的,主要应用于测量地表微小形变。该技术在监测地震形变、火山活动、冰川运动、城市地面沉降以及山体滑坡等领域得到广泛应用,但实际研究中存在很多局限性,例如轨道参数误差、地形数据误差、大气延迟误差、时空去相关引起的相位解缠误差以及系统噪音误差等。这些因素成为InSAR高精度形变探测应用的主要限制。InSAR时序分析方法是目前解决常规D-InSAR处理过程中各种精度制约因素的主要方法之一。本文以InSAR时序分析中几个关键技术问题为研究目标,开展InSAR时序关键技术研究。本文取得的创新点如下:(1)在传统相干点提取方法的基础上,提出了一种新的提取方法:满秩相干点。该方法将干涉冗余网络图中节点和边结合起来构建满秩矩阵,并依此作为相干点提取指标。实验结果表明,满秩相干点提取法不仅能有效提高相干点的空间分布密度,而且能保留相干点的最优测量精度。(2)将大气延迟相位分成3种分量,即长波长大气相位、短波长大气相位以及地形相关的大气相位。在此基础上,利用网络法分别对3种类型大气延迟相位进行校正。网络法可以估算出每个时刻的大气延迟误差,再重构每一幅干涉图的大气延迟误差。实验结果分析表明,采用网络法能精确模拟出每个时刻大气延迟误差和每幅干涉图中的大气延迟相位。(3)离散点相位解缠误差是时序分析过程中主要误差源之一,直接影响后续时序分析结果的精度。本文提出一种利用网络闭合环残差方法,对离散相干点相位解缠误差进行检测和校正。该方法可以有效识别出离散相干点解缠相位中相位跳变;同时,本文也介绍了离散相干点解缠相位跳变校正的方法。(4)基于相干矩阵满秩条件,提出一种新的InSAR时序反演策略。利用干涉冗余网络图中各条边和节点之间的关系,采用最小二乘方法解算各个时刻点的形变特征,以有效解决传统InSAR时序反演过程中的秩亏问题。通过Bam地震震后时序形变场提取,在羊八井电站地热开采地下水引起地面沉降监测以及北京市地面沉降监测等几种典型应用中,验证了该方法的有效性和精确性。在关键技术突破的基础上,本文利用提出的新方法,获取了2008年10月6日西藏当雄MW6.3地震同震形变和震后地表形变时序,研究发震断层参数和震后运动过程的动力学机制。利用同震形变反演得到断层几何参数及滑动分布模型为先验知识,以InSAR时序方法获得震后形变时序资料为约束,分别利用震后余滑模型和震后黏弹性松弛模型,研究当雄地震震后断层的运动过程,同时对青藏高原南部中低地壳或者上地幔的黏性系数进行估计,并给出了最优拟合解。 相似文献
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2010年玉树MW6.9地震发生后,已有学者利用DInSAR技术得到了该次地震的同震形变场,并在此基础上反演了其震源破裂滑动分布。本文以提高玉树地震同震形变场准确度作为出发点,设计了一种新的解缠方式获取相应的同震形变场:首先沿地表同震破裂迹线将InSAR干涉图像分割成上下两部分,然后利用网络流解缠算法对其分别进行相位解缠,最后通过统计重叠部分的相位一致性信息将两部分结果进行拼接。利用震中区GPS同震位移数据对分区解缠结果进行验证。结果表明:相对于整体解缠结果,分区解缠方式得到的最大视线向沉降值由42.6cm增加到48.1cm,所得结果与GPS观测结果更加接近,采用分区解缠方式提高了断层附近形变场的准确性。 相似文献
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浑善达克沙地是我国主要的沙尘暴源区之一,近代浑善达克沙地的生态环境脆弱,沙化日益严重,已成为困扰北京沙尘的主要源头之一,严重影响了京津、乃至整个华北地区的生态安全以及当地生态、社会和经济的可持续发展,这一问题引起广泛的关注。DInSAR技术是重要的监测沙漠高程变化的技术,本文利用DInSAR技术,在对比分析6景ERS-2和EnviSat雷达图像基础上,对2004年10月26日和2005年10月11日两幅EnviSatASAR影像进行了干涉处理,经过配准、平地效应改正、滤波、相位解缠和地理编码,得到高程形变模型。根据研究结果,大部分地区高程是降低的,少数地区高程是升高的,这与2005年春天沙尘暴高强度发生的情况相一致,推广利用DInSAR技术实现沙漠地表形变监测具有重要作用。 相似文献
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永久散射体干涉测量技术可以克服常规干涉方法在区域地表形变测量中的雷达信号失相关和大气延迟影响. 本文对基于永久散射体的干涉处理全过程进行了分析, 基于差分相位的两个主要特性: 沉降信号时序相关、地形相位与空间基线成比例, 提出构建PS网络, 并采用间接观测平差法估计沉降速度网和高程修正网的全局最优解. 实验选取上海地区近10年间的ERS-1/2卫星C波段SAR数据进行干涉处理, 在永久散射体上分离形变信号、高程修正和大气分量, 并最终提取上海地区高分辨率地面沉降速度场, PS结果与地面精密观测成果吻合较好. 相似文献
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从GPS基本观测模型出发,给出并推导了分离相位小数偏差求解非差整数模糊度的精密单点定位数学模型和算法.利用少量IGS跟踪站组成服务端观测网计算未检校的相位小数偏差改正信息,用于改正用户端接收机的相位观测值,实现了固定非差整数模糊度的快速精密单点定位与定轨.试验结果表明: 利用30 min的地面动态或静态观测数据进行精密单点定位,非差模糊度固定成整数后,其定位结果较PPP浮点解有明显改善,水平方向提高了近一个数量级,可达到1 cm甚至毫米级的精度;高程方向与对流层延迟解算精度也改善了20%~60%.与浮点解相比,固定解能显著改善PPP的定轨精度,仅用15 min的短弧段观测数据,切向与法向的定轨精度可达到1 cm左右;径向方向为3~5 cm左右,较浮点解定轨精度改善了50%~70%.因此,固定非差整数模糊度后的PPP能够满足毫米至厘米级的快速精密定位和定轨的要求,这在GPS(准)实时应用与服务中具有很好的应用前景. 相似文献
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固体地球潮汐(Solid earth tide,SET)在地表产生的径向位移可达40～50 cm,形变梯度可达2 cm/100 km,是各种精密大地测量和地球物理观测必须考虑的因素之一.随着星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)地表形变监测范围的不断增大以及对精度要求不断提高,固体潮位移对InSAR观测的影响不容忽视.本文利用固体潮位移理论模型,根据InSAR测量基本原理和Sentinel-1卫星成像参数,模拟了固体潮位移InSAR相位,定量分析了其时空分布特征,并以我国江汉平原和北美大平原的Sentinel-1数据为例,探讨了固体潮位移InSAR相位对广域地表形变监测的影响.结果表明:(1)固体潮位移对InSAR广域地表形变监测存在较大影响,在250 km×250 km范围中,以C波段为例,其相位变化可达12 rad(对应52 mm视线向形变);(2)固体潮位移相位在中低纬度(60°S—60°N)地区变化较大,两极地区较小,且在时间上具有明显的周期性;(3)在Sentinel-1 InSAR观测中,通过固体潮位移相位改正去除了干涉图中的部分低频相位偏差,相比原始干涉图,改正后的解缠相位标准差减小了约29%.本研究对于认识固体潮位移InSAR相位的时空分布特征以及提高星载InSAR广域地表形变监测的准确度与可靠性均具有重要意义. 相似文献
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Converted waves require special data processing as the wave paths are asymmetrical. The CMP concept is not applicable for converted PS waves, instead a sorting algorithm for a common conversion point (CCP) has to be applied. The coordinates of the conversion points in a single homogeneous layer can be calculated as a function of the offset, the reflector depth and the velocity ratio vP/ vs. For multilayered media, an approximation for the coordinates of the conversion points can be made. Numerical tests show that the traveltime of PS reflections can be approximated with sufficient accuracy for a certain offset range by a two-term series truncation. Therefore NMO corrections can be calculated by standard routines which use the hyperbolic approximation of the reflection traveltime curves. The CCP-stacking technique has been applied to field data which have been generated by three vertical vibrators. The in-line horizontal components have been recorded. The static corrections have been estimated from additional P- and SH-wave measurements for the source and geophone locations, respectively. The data quality has been improved by processes such as spectral balancing. A comparison with the stacked results of the corresponding P- and SH-wavefield surveys shows a good coherency of structural features in P-, SH- and PS-time sections. 相似文献
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Seismic imaging for mineral exploration in hardrock environment has typically relied on P-waves recorded using vertical component geophones. Here we demonstrate the potential of using P-to-S converted waves for mineral exploration by applying converted wave processing to high-resolution 3-component data acquired in the Flin Flon mining camp, Canada. Inferences regarding the relative value of PS data are made through comparison with corresponding PP images, interpretation with geological constraints, and by comparison with modeling results. Modeling results show that the horizontal component data provide a robust means of separating the PS conversions from the PP reflections in converted wave processing whereas contamination by PP energy is more severe if the vertical component data are used. A customized processing workflow has been developed in which horizontal component data are sorted into common-reflection point gathers by the application of the converted wave dip-moveout operator. The PS images are characterized by lower signal-to-noise ratios than the PP images due to the smaller S-wave impedance contrasts associated with the main lithologic units and the angular dependence of P-to-S conversion. An exception to this occurs for PS reflections from the ore zones which are accentuated on the PS images relative to the background host-rock reflectivity. There are discrepancies in the reflection dips and positions observed on corresponding PP and PS sections that are not fully explained. They can be partly attributed to the non-coincidence of subsurface spatial sampling associated with common-depth points versus common-conversion points, with an additional complication associated with the known 3D geology. Vp/Vs ratios determined by correlation of reflections observed on PP and PS images can provide a limited means of lithological discrimination. 相似文献
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Porosity, the void portion of reservoir rocks, determines the volume of hydrocarbon accumulation and has a great control on assessment and development of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Accurate determination of porosity from core analysis is highly cost, time, and labor intensive. Therefore, the mission of finding an accurate, fast and cheap way of determining porosity is unavoidable. On the other hand, conventional well log data, available in almost all wells contain invaluable implicit information about the porosity. Therefore, an intelligent system can explicate this information. Fuzzy logic is a powerful tool for handling geosciences problem which is associated with uncertainty. However, determination of the best fuzzy formulation is still an issue. This study purposes an improved strategy, called hybrid genetic algorithm–pattern search (GA–PS) technique, against the widely held subtractive clustering (SC) method for setting up fuzzy rules between core porosity and petrophysical logs. Hybrid GA–PS technique is capable of extracting optimal parameters for fuzzy clusters (membership functions) which consequently results in the best fuzzy formulation. Results indicate that GA–PS technique manipulates both mean and variance of Gaussian membership functions contrary to SC that only has a control on mean of Gaussian membership functions. A comparison between hybrid GA–PS technique and SC method confirmed the superiority of GA–PS technique in setting up fuzzy rules. The proposed strategy was successfully applied to one of the Iranian carbonate reservoir rocks. 相似文献
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利用常规地震剖面精细解释小断层和低幅度构造存在较大困难.本文利用纵波和横波速度模型对采集得到的二维地震数据进行叠前Kirchhoff积分偏移得到纵波和转换横波深度和时间剖面,根据不同分量的深度和时间剖面联合解释小断层与低构造.深度剖面克服了时间剖面受地层厚度和地层速度共同制约的缺点,有利于识别低幅度构造.纵波（P）剖面与转换横波（PS）剖面相比有利于识别层间小断裂.我们对准噶尔盆地实际地震资料的处理和解释证实了这些优点. 相似文献
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It has been shown on an ‘ideal’ synthetic dataset that PP/PS‐stereotomography can estimate an accurate velocity model without any pairing of PP‐ and PS‐events. The P‐wave velocity model is first estimated using PP data and then, fixing this velocity field, the S‐wave velocity is estimated using the PS data. This method needed to be evaluated further and we present here the first application of PP/PS‐stereotomography to a real dataset: the 2D East‐West Mahogany OBC line (Gulf of Mexico). We are here confronted with data which do not fit our working assumptions: coherent noise (due to an approximate separation of PP‐ and PS‐events and some remaining multiples), probably some anisotropy and 3D effects. With a careful selection of the stereotomographic picks, which allows one to decrease the effect of the picked coherent noise by the automatic picker, our application can demonstrate the relevance of our approach in the upper part of the profile, where anisotropy and 3D effects might be low. We can thus estimate, without any pairing of PP‐ and PS‐events, a velocity field which provides not only flat common image gathers, but also PP‐ and PS‐depth migrated images located at the same positions. For the deeper part of the profile, a significant shift in depth appears. In addition to possible anisotropy, 3D effects and a more complex velocity field (‘salt body’), this is due to the quality of the PZ‐ and X‐components profiles: The PZ‐component profile where the PP‐stereotomographic picking is performed, is polluted by conflicting converted or multiple events and the X‐component profile, where the PS‐stereotomographic picking is performed, is highly noisy. This study emphasizes the need to develop accurate selection criteria for the stereotomographic picks. 相似文献