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本文针对流体饱和孔隙介质的动电效应,在实验室内进行了小岩样的动电实验(流动电势实验)测量,获得了10块岩样在6种不同饱和浓度下的流动电势系数,进而分析了饱和溶液浓度、岩样渗透率和泥质含量对流动电势系数的影响,探讨了流动电势系数对上述参数的敏感性,并进一步给出了流动电势系数随这些参数的变化规律.实验结果表明:前人流动电势系数频响曲线中的凹点现象是由实验装置的共振引起,并非岩样动电效应的自身特性.实验还发现:孔隙介质的动电耦合能力与溶液浓度有关,流动电势系数随溶液浓度增大而减小,但在很高浓度溶液中,动电现象依然存在,流动电势系数趋于常数.此外,流动电势系数对地层参数(渗透率和泥质含量)的敏感性受溶液浓度影响较大,随着溶液浓度增大,敏感性降低.因此,可在低浓度饱和情况下(低于0.4mol/L),利用流动电势系数的幅度对地层渗透率进行直接评价.本文结果对动电测井的可行性及应用条件给出了实验说明. 相似文献
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连续测量岩心的流动电势效应和电渗效应，可以获得岩心的动电渗透率，并验证Onsager互易性.通常这两个实验的岩心夹持器需要使用不同的堵头，而更换堵头会导致岩心内流体的参数和边界条件发生变化.本文设计了新的岩心夹持器和激励压力源，避免了在测量过程中更换堵头，提高了两个实验的一致性.本文测量了蒸馏水、以及0.01、0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4和0.6 mol/L氯化钠溶液饱和的10块岩心的流动电势效应和电渗效应，获得了动电渗透率，并验证了低矿化度下的Onsager互易性.结果表明，Onsager互易性在低矿化度下是成立的；对于高矿化度，电渗效应能够取代流动电势效应用于反演渗透率. 相似文献
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本文针对流体饱和孔隙介质的动电效应,在砂岩模型井中开展了动电测井实验研究.记录到渗透率不同模型中单极源动电测井的全波波形,清晰地观测到了伴随纵波、横波和斯通利波的动电转换信号,给出了本文实验条件下,动电测井全波中各分波的幅度,并通过电声比的大小说明了各分波的动电转换能力.实验结果表明:孔隙介质动电效应与渗透率密切相关,动电信号的幅度随着地层渗透率的增大而增加,在高渗透率地层中记录动电信号的幅度较大,这一特性可用于地层渗透率的井下动电评估.本文实验结果还验证了动电测井的可行性,同时指出:与声波测井相比,动电测井信号对地层渗透率更加敏感,这为渗透率等地层参数的井下动电测量奠定了实验基础. 相似文献
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基于孔隙介质动电效应的测量方法在油气勘探领域有着巨大的潜在应用价值.本文针对理论预测的随钻动电测井可削弱钻铤波对地层声波干扰的问题,设计了室内随钻动电测井实验装置和测量系统,并在小尺寸砂岩模型井中开展了随钻动电测井实验研究.为了突出随钻动电测井技术的特点,本文先在砂岩模型井中进行了电缆声波测井和电缆动电测井实验测量,获得了地层声波的传播速度.然后又在同一模型井中进行了随钻声波测井和随钻动电测井实验,记录了这两种情况下的测井全波波形,比较了电缆声波/动电测井和随钻声波/动电测井的差异性,并进一步分析了钻铤波和井中动电转换信号的传播特性.本文还通过随钻动电测井的时域波形提取到被测地层的纵横波速度,从实验角度验证了随钻动电测井技术测量地层波速的可行性.此外,本文实验结果对随钻动电测井的仪器设计及现场测量也有参考意义. 相似文献
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围压对低渗砂岩渗透率有效应力系数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多孔岩石渗透率有效应力系数的取值至今仍没有一致的认识,影响取值的因素较为复杂.为了探索围压对低渗砂岩渗透率有效应力系数的影响,实验上采用较大的围压范围(10MPa～50MPa),选取两块低渗致密砂岩岩样,进行渗透率测试,并利用二元线性回归方法,计算了不同围压组合下的渗透率有效应力系数值,获取了该系数随围压的变化趋势.实验中,两块岩样的渗透率有效应力系数随围压的增加而减小,但各自的减小趋势略有不同.利用Bernabé和Berryman提出的模型,理论上解释了围压对渗透率有效应力系数的影响,并得到渗透率有效应力系数的下限值为岩样孔隙度.尽管渗透率有效应力系数不是一个常数,但可以表示为压差的函数,进而起到简化分析的作用. 相似文献
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实验观测超高压致密油气藏的地层压力条件的渗透率对于定量表征储层物性以及制定开发方案具有重要意义．常规的方法采用在岩心的出口端设置回压阀的方式实现孔隙压力的控制和流量的计量，存在回压阀控制孔隙压力精度低、灵敏度低、流量计量不准确的技术缺陷，渗透率测量精度低．在岩心的出口端使用高精度恒速恒压泵代替回压阀，开发了一种基于高精度恒速恒压泵双泵联动控制孔隙压力及流量/压力计量技术的渗透率测量新方法，通过岩心的入口端和出口端的两台高精度恒速恒压泵做进液、退液的联动操作计量恒压模式的进液/退液体积或者恒流量模式的上游压力/下游压力实现超高压渗透率的测量．在最高为138 MPa的超高压条件下，实验观测了准噶尔盆地白垩系清水河组的超高压致密油气藏的5块岩样的地层压力条件的渗透率，结果发现：低地层压力条件下的渗透率测量结果与相同有效压力的覆压渗透率吻合较好，超高压条件下的渗透率重复性好并且符合渗透率随有效压力变小而变大的一般规律． 相似文献
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孔隙度和渗透率是岩石和测井储层评价的两个重要参数.通过大量的学术调研,对影响孔隙度和渗透率测量的实验条件进行分析和总结.影响的因素主要有实验的温度和各种压力条件.但不同孔渗条件的岩样,温度和压力影响的程度不同.总的来说,随着温度和压力的升高,孔隙度和渗透率稍稍降低,整体变化幅度很小.岩样孔隙度和渗透率越低,温度和压力敏感性越强.研究温度和压力对孔隙度渗透率测量的影响因素,为准确测量岩样的孔隙度和渗透率提供实验依据,也为研究储层温度和压力条件下的多场耦合问题提供理论基础,同时为石油热开采提高渗透率和核废料地下安全性处理提供技术支持. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(1)
针对低孔渗储层渗透率主要受孔隙结构影响致使利用常规孔隙度和束缚水饱和度等参数预测渗透率精度低的难题,依据低孔渗岩石孔隙中流体渗流的特点,考虑岩石孔隙空间中对流体渗流贡献最大的那一部分孔隙,引入有效流动孔隙概念,以提高低孔渗岩石渗透率计算精度.考虑岩性、物性、电性变化,设计岩石物理实验,根据压汞实验数据计算岩样对应不同孔隙半径的进汞孔隙度与渗透率之间的相关系数,制作相关系数与孔隙半径交会图,将相关系数达到某一值(如0.8)对应的孔隙半径确定为有效流动孔隙半径下限,其对应的进汞孔隙度确定为有效流动孔隙度实验分析值.依据水流与电流流动相似性原理,从导电角度推导有效流动孔隙度的计算公式.对于含水低孔渗泥质岩石,将束缚水和粘土水看成不导电干骨架,采用能够描述孔喉比的等效岩石元素模型推导出只有可动水孔隙存在的低孔渗岩石地层因素的公式;根据有效流动孔隙的含义,只有可动水孔隙存在的低孔渗岩石的有效流动孔隙可以等效为具有相同岩石体积和地层因素且由骨架和弯曲毛细管组成的岩石结构中的毛管孔隙,根据弯曲毛管模型推导出地层因素与有效流动孔隙度关系式,结合两式可得到有效流动孔隙度的表达式.根据实验数据采用最优化方法确定公式中参数,从而给出有效流动孔隙度计算式.统计有效流动孔隙度实验值与岩心分析渗透率关系,回归得到低孔渗泥质岩石渗透率的计算式.对B区X1、X2井低孔渗储层进行处理,从实际应用效果方面证实该方法提高了低孔渗泥质储层渗透率计算精度. 相似文献
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动态渗透率和动电耦合系数是描述岩石中渗流波动和弹性-电磁耦合波效应的重要参数.本文基于毛细管束模型,提出了流体饱和孔隙介质的动态渗透率和动电耦合系数的解析表达式和简化表达式,并通过与前人近似式结果的对比,分析了不同表达式的合理性和适用性.在此基础上,理论分析了孔隙几何形状和孔径分布对渗透率和动电耦合系数的频率响应以及井孔震电耦合波场的影响.研究结果表明:当认为孔道均匀且达西渗透率、孔隙度和弯曲度恒定时,孔隙几何形状的影响很小,可以忽略,而前人的近似式高估了孔隙几何形状的影响;孔径分布的影响显著,随着孔径分布的增大,渗透率的临界频率显著减小,动电耦合系数的临界频率显著增加,震电测井的斯通利波及其伴随电场幅度显著增大. 相似文献
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Influence of water pressure dynamics and fluid flow on the streaming‐potential response for unsaturated conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 V. Allègre L. Jouniaux F. Lehmann P. Sailhac R. Toussaint 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(3):694-712
Streaming‐potentials are produced by electrokinetic effects in relation to fluid flow and are used for geophysical prospecting. The aim of this study is to model streaming potential measurements for unsaturated conditions using an empirical approach. A conceptual model is applied to streaming potential measurements obtained from two drainage experiments in sand. The streaming potential data presented here show a non‐monotonous behaviour with increasing water saturation, following a pattern that cannot be predicted by existing models. A model involving quasi‐static and dynamic components is proposed to reproduce the streaming potential measurements. The dynamic component is based on the first time derivative of the driving pore pressure. The influence of this component is investigated with respect to fluid velocity, which is very different between the two experiments. The results demonstrate that the dynamic component is predominant at the onset of drainage in experiments with the slowest water flow. On the other hand, its influence appears to vanish with increasing drainage velocity. Our results suggest that fluid flow and water distribution at the pore scale have an important influence on the streaming potential response for unsaturated conditions. We propose to explain this specific streaming potential response in terms of the behaviour of both rock/water interface and water/air interfaces created during desaturation processes. The water/air interfaces are negatively charged, as also observed in the case of water/rock interfaces. Both the surface area and the flow velocity across these interfaces are thought to contribute to the non‐monotonous behaviour of the streaming potential coefficient as well as the variations in its amplitude. The non‐monotonous behaviour of air/water interfaces created during the flow was highlighted as it was measured and modelled by studies published in the literature. The streaming potential coefficient can increase to about 10 to 40 when water saturation decreases. Such an increase is possible if the amount of water/air interfaces is increased in sufficient amount, which can be the case. 相似文献
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利用储层岩石流动电位的频散特性评价复杂储层已经成为勘探地球物理领域关注的热点,但是目前还没有形成基于储层岩石储渗特性及电化学性质的具有普遍指导意义的理论方法和数学模型.本文利用微观毛管理论,通过随时间谐变条件下渗流场和电流场的耦合模型,建立了描述储层岩石流动电位频散特性的数学方法,定量分析了频率域储层岩石动态渗透率、动电耦合系数和流动电位耦合系数随储层岩石孔隙度、溶液浓度和阳离子交换量的变化规律.研究结果表明:储层岩石流动电位频散特性是储层流体惯性力与流体黏滞力相互作用的结果.储层岩石孔隙度越大,储层维持流体原有运动状态的能力越大,临界频率越小;储层岩石的溶液浓度和阳离子交换量对临界频率没有影响.储层岩石的孔隙度越大,流体流动能力越强,流动电位各耦合系数的数值越大;溶液浓度越小或阳离子交换量越大,孔隙固液界面的双电层作用越强,各耦合系数的数值越大. 相似文献
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In theory, the streaming potential coefficient depends not only on the zeta potential but also on the permeability of the rocks that partially determines the surface conductivity of the rocks. However, in practice, it is hard to show the permeability dependence of streaming potential coefficients because of the variation of zeta potential from sample to sample. To study permeability dependence of streaming potential, including the effects of the variation of the zeta potential and surface conductance due to the difference in mineral compositions between samples, we perform measurements on 12 consolidated samples, including natural and artificial samples saturated with 7 different NaCl solutions to determine the streaming potential coefficients. The results have shown that the streaming potential coefficients strongly depend on the permeability of the samples for low fluid conductivity. When the fluid conductivity is larger than than 0.50 S/m for the natural samples or 0.25 S/m for the artificial ceramic samples, the streaming potential coefficient is independent of permeability. This behavior is quantitatively explained by a theoretical model. 相似文献
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We present transient streaming potential data collected during falling‐head permeameter tests performed on samples of two sands with different physical and chemical properties. The objective of the work is to estimate hydraulic conductivity (K) and the electrokinetic coupling coefficient (Cl) of the sand samples. A semi‐empirical model based on the falling‐head permeameter flow model and electrokinetic coupling is used to analyze the streaming potential data and to estimate K and Cl. The values of K estimated from head data are used to validate the streaming potential method. Estimates of K from streaming potential data closely match those obtained from the associated head data, with less than 10% deviation. The electrokinetic coupling coefficient was estimated from streaming potential vs. (1) time and (2) head data for both sands. The results indicate that, within limits of experimental error, the values of Cl estimated by the two methods are essentially the same. The results of this work demonstrate that a temporal record of the streaming potential response in falling‐head permeameter tests can be used to estimate both K and Cl. They further indicate the potential for using transient streaming potential data as a proxy for hydraulic head in hydrogeology applications. 相似文献
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The streaming potential across a porous medium is induced by a fluid flow due to an electric double layer between a solid and a fluid. When an acoustic wave propagates through a porous medium, the wave pressure generates a relative movement between the solid and the fluid. The moving charge in the fluid induces an electric field and seismoelectric conversion. In order to investigate the streaming potential and the seismoelectric conversion in the same rock sample, we conduct measurements with Berea sandstone saturated by NaCl solutions with different conductivities. We measure the electric voltage (streaming potential) across a cylindrical sample in NaCl solutions with different conductivities and under different pressures to determine the DC coupling coefficients. We also measure the seismoelectric signals induced by acoustic waves with a Berea sandstone plate at different frequencies and solution conductivities. The pressures of the acoustic waves are calibrated with a standard hydrophone (Brüel & 8103) at different frequencies (15–120 kHz). We calculate the quantitative coupling coefficients of the seismoelectric conversion at DC and at high frequencies with samples saturated by solutions with different conductivities. When the Berea sandstone sample is saturated by the NaCl solution with 0.32 mS/m in conductivity, for example, the DC and seismoelectric coupling coefficients at 15 kHz are 0.024 μV/Pa and 0.019 μV/Pa, respectively. The seismoelectric coupling coefficient is an important and helpful parameter for designing a seismoelectric tool. More experimental measurements of seismoelectric coupling coefficients in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 15 kHz are needed in the future. 相似文献