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1.
Various methodologies and modelling criteria for analysing seismically reinforced concrete chimneys are now available. All require consideration of the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects especially in designing tall chimneys. This becomes more critical when the soil deposit, on which the chimney is founded, is softer. Two examples are considered in this paper: a chimney of moderate height (110 meters) founded directly on a sedimentary rock layered half-space and another very tall chimney (230 meters), founded by means of short prefabricated piles on a deep, very soft, sand deposit. The method of analysis used is a conventional response spectrum modal analysis of a chimney lumped mass model, which includes shear deformation of the chimney shaft. To ignore this effect can lead to an underestimation of the shear force at chimney base level. The suggestions of the specification ACI STANDARD 307-88 are also considered. Different hypotheses to account for the SSI effects are assumed in the analyses which provide a set of conclusions of interest to the point of view of the designer. 相似文献
2.
The effects of soil-structure interaction on the seismic response of tall (>100m) steel and reinforced concrete chimneys are described. Detailed models of a 130m high steel chimney and a 150m high reinforced concrete chimney are used as structural models. The foundations are represented as rigid blocks resting on a uniform viscoelastic soil model. Perfect bonding between the foundation and the soil is assumed. Parametric studies of the interaction effects on the magnitude and distribution of bending moments and shear forces include four soil rigidities and two seismic excitations characterized by very different frequency contents. The results obtained indicate strong interaction effects for intermediate and soft soils (Vs500 m/sec). The extent of the interaction effects are highly dependent on the characteristics of the seismic excitation. 相似文献
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4.
This paper presents a new procedure to transform an SSI system into an equivalent SDOF system using twice equivalence. A pushover analysis procedure based on the capacity spectrum method for buildings with SSI effects （PASSI） is then established based on the equivalent SDOF system, and the modified response spectrum and equivalent capacity spectrum are obtained. Furthermore, the approximate formulas to obtain the dynamic stiffness of foundations are suggested. Three steel buildings with different story heights （3, 9 and 20） including SSI effects are analyzed under two far-field and two near-field historical records and an artificial seismic time history using the two PASSI procedures and the nonlinear response history analysis （NLhRHA） method. The results are compared and discussed. Finally, combined with seismic design response spectrum, the nonlinear seismic response of a 9-story building with SSI effects is analyzed using the PASSI procedures, and its seismic performance is evaluated according to the Chinese ＇Code for Seismic Design of Buildings. The feasibility of the proposed procedure is verified. 相似文献
5.
土-桩-钢结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本项试验是研究土-结构相互作用对结构TLD减震控制影响的系列振动台模型试验的组成部分,主要目的是提供相应的对比试验数据。在这组试验中,突出的问题是TLD、上部被控结构和土层三个子系统模型基频间的协调。为了尽可能降低土层模型基频,文中采用了一种具有低剪切波速特性的土层模拟介质。最后,通过土-桩-钢结构系统的振动台模型试验,研究了土-结构相互作用对钢结构动力特性和地震反应的影响。 相似文献
6.
高层建筑结构-地基动力相互作用效果的振动台试验对比研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
本文通过对高层建筑结构－地基动力相互作用体系和刚性地基上高层建筑结构的振动台模型试验成果的对比分析，研究了相互作用对结构动力特性和地震反应的影响。结果－地基动力相互作用使结构频率减小，阻尼增大；相互作用体系的振型曲线与刚性地基上结构的振型曲线不同，基础处存在平动和转动；在地震动作用下考虑相互作用的结构加速度、层间剪力、弯矩以及应变通常比刚性地基上的情况小，而位移则比刚性地基上的情况大。 相似文献
7.
土-桩-钢结构-TLD系统振动台模型试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过系列振动台模型试验,研究土-结构相互作用对结构TLD减震控制影响。文中首先提出试验模型设计中应考虑的几个主要问题及解决方法,然后介绍土-桩基础-钢结构-TLD相互作用体系的试验成果,分析TLD的减震效果,最后与刚性地基上钢结构TLD减震试验结果相比较,揭示土-结构相互作用对TLD减震效率的影响特点。试验结果表明:土-结构相互作用使得TLD减震效率降低,这一削减作用受到输入地震动的频谱特性和强度的影响。因此,对于建在土层场地上的结构进行TLD减震设计时,应充分重视工程场地条件和地震动特性等实际情况。 相似文献
8.
结构-地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究 总被引：81，自引：20，他引：61
本文设计实现了结构－地基动力相互作用体系的振动台试验,通过试验研究了动力相互作用体系的地震动反应的主要规律,由于动力相互作用的影响,软土地基中相互作用体系的频率远小于刚性地基上不考虑结构－地基相互作用的结构频率,而阻尼比例则远大于结构材料阻尼比,软上地基对地震动走滤波和隔震作用,由于上部结构的振动反馈,基底地震动与自由场地震动不相同,上部结构柱顶加速度反应主要由基础转动引起的摆动分量组成,平均分量次之,而弹性变形分量很小,桩身应变幅值呈桩顶大,桩尖小的倒三角形分布,桩上接触压力幅值呈桩顶小,桩尖大的三角形分布,试验表明,结构－地基动力相互作用对体系地震反应的影响是很是显著的,本试验为验证理论与计算分析的研究成果,改进或提出合理的计算模型和分析方法,提出了丰富的试验数据,为进一步研究奠定的基础。 相似文献
9.
This study investigates the effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the response of base-isolated buildings. The equations of motion are formulated in the frequency domain, assuming frequency-independent soil stiffness and damping constants. An equivalent fixed-base system is developed that accounts for soil compliance and damping characteristics of the base-isolated building. Closed-form expressions are derived, followed by a thorough parametric study involving the pertinent system parameters. For preliminary design, the methodology can serve as a means to assess effective use of base isolation on building structures accounting for SSI. This study concludes that the effects of SSI are more pronounced on the modal properties of the system, especially for the case of squat and stiff base-isolated structures. 相似文献
10.
分层土-基础-高层框架结构相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究 总被引：30，自引：6，他引：30
本文设计实现了分层土－基础－高层框架结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验，再现了地震动激励下上部结构和基础的震害现象和砂质粉土的液化现象。通过试验，研究了相互作用体系地震动反应的主要规律：由于动力相互作用的影响，软土地基中相互作用体系的频率小于不考虑结构－地基相互作用的结构频率，而阻尼比则大于结构材料阻尼比；体系的振型曲线与刚性地基上结构的振型曲线明显不同，基础处存在平动和转动。土层传递振动的放大或减振作用与土层性质、激励大小等因素有关，砂土层一般起放大作用，砂质粉土层一般起减振隔振作用；由于土体的隔震作用，上部结构接受的振动能量较小，各层反应均较小。上部结构顶层加速度反应组成取决于基础转动刚度、平动刚度和上部结构刚度的相对大小。 相似文献
11.
This paper investigates the seismic performance of moment-resisting frame steel buildings with multiple underground stories resting on shallow foundations. A parametric study that involved evaluating the nonlinear seismic response of five, ten and fifteen story moment-resisting frame steel buildings resting on flexible ground surface, and buildings having one, three and five underground stories was performed. The buildings were assumed to be founded on shallow foundations. Two site conditions were considered: soil class C and soil class E, corresponding to firm and soft soil deposits, respectively. Vancouver seismic hazard has been considered for this study. Synthetic earthquake records compatible with Vancouver uniform hazard spectrum (UHS), as specified by the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) 2005, have been used as input motion. It was found that soil–structure interaction (SSI) can greatly affect the seismic performance of buildings in terms of the seismic storey shear and moment demand, and the deformations of their structural components. Although most building codes postulate that SSI effects generally decrease the force demand on buildings, but increase the deformation demand, it was found that, for some of the cases considered, SSI effects increased both the force and deformation demand on the buildings. The SSI effects generally depend on the stiffness of the foundation and the number of underground stories. SSI effects are significant for soft soil conditions and negligible for stiff soil conditions. It was also found that SSI effects are significant for buildings resting on flexible ground surface with no underground stories, and gradually decrease with the increase of the number of underground stories. 相似文献
12.
Seismic analysis of structures with a fractional derivative model of viscoelastic dampers 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Viscoelastic dampers are now among some of the preferred energy dissipation devices used for passive seismic response control.
To evaluate the performance of structures installed with viscoelastic dampers, different analytical models have been used
to characterize their dynamic force deformation characteristics. The fractional derivative models have received favorable
attention as they can capture the frequency dependence of the material stiffness and damping properties observed in the tests
very well. However, accurate analytical procedures are needed to calculate the response of structures with such damper models.
This paper presents a modal analysis approach, similar to that used for the analysis of linear systems, for solving the equations
of motion with fractional derivative terms for arbitrary forcing functions such as those caused by earthquake induced ground
motions. The uncoupled modal equations still have fractional derivatives, but can be solved by numerical or analytical procedures.
Both numerical and analytical procedures are formulated. These procedures are then used to calculate the dynamic response
of a multi-degree of freedom shear beam structure excited by ground motions. Numerical results demonstrating the response
reducing effect of viscoelastic dampers are also presented. 相似文献
13.
Alemdar Bayraktar Temel Türker Ahmet Can Altunişik Barış Sevim 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010,30(5):310-319
Seismic protection of buildings under risk can be achieved by increasing the knowledge about the behaviour of existing structures. Operational Modal Analysis is a powerful tool used for this purpose all over the world. It provides the dynamic characteristics of structures under operational conditions or some particular environmental issues such as blasts and earthquakes. The main objective of this study is to evaluate blast effects on a reinforced concrete (RC) building considering experimentally determined dynamic characteristics. The study consists of three phases: the measurement of vibration characteristics of blasting, the theoretical modal analysis of the inspected building, and experimental verification of dynamic characteristics using modal testing. The vibration characteristics of blasting are measured around the inspected building on hard soil using a geophone set. The initial analytical model of the building is constructed according to the in-situ investigation on building. The theoretical modal analysis results are verified by carrying out modal testing on the RC building. The Operational Modal Analysis method is used for the extraction of the dynamic characteristics of the building, and blast vibrations are taken into account as environmental vibrations. The effects of blasting on the reinforced concrete building are introduced by assessing the vibration of blasting with the dynamic characteristics of the building. 相似文献
14.
Centrifuge modeling of seismic response of layered soft clay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Centrifuge modeling is a valuable tool used to study the response of geotechnical structures to infrequent or extreme events
such as earthquakes. A series of centrifuge model tests was conducted at 80g using an electro-hydraulic earthquake simulator mounted on the C-CORE geotechnical centrifuge to study the dynamic response
of soft soils and seismic soil–structure interaction (SSI). The acceleration records at different locations within the soil
bed and at its surface along with the settlement records at the surface were used to analyze the soft soil seismic response.
In addition, the records of acceleration at the surface of a foundation model partially embedded in the soil were used to
investigate the seismic SSI. Centrifuge data was used to evaluate the variation of shear modulus and damping ratio with shear
strain amplitude and confining pressure, and to assess their effects on site response. Site response analysis using the measured
shear wave velocity, estimated modulus reduction and damping ratio as input parameters produced good agreement with the measured
site response. A spectral analysis of the results showed that the stiffness of the soil deposits had a significant effect
on the characteristics of the input motions and the overall behavior of the structure. The peak surface acceleration measured
in the centrifuge was significantly amplified, especially for low amplitude base acceleration. The amplification of the earthquake
shaking as well as the frequency of the response spectra decreased with increasing earthquake intensity. The results clearly
demonstrate that the layering system has to be considered, and not just the average shear wave velocity, when evaluating the
local site effects. 相似文献
15.
考虑土与结构相互作用效应的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
本文设计并完成了考虑土与结构相互作用的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验。通过对四种结构形式的对比试验，探讨了土与结构相互作用（ＳＳＩ）效应对结构地震反应的影响以及调谐质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）在刚性和柔性地基条件下对主体结构的减震效应。通过比较同一地震动作用下主体结构在刚性和柔性两种地基条件下的地震反应，可知：ＳＳＩ效应具有降低和提高结构减震控制效果的双重作用，其综合效果与输入地震动的频谱特性、加速度峰值大小有关。由于ＳＳＩ效应在结构地震反应中发挥着双重的作用，因而使得基于刚性地基假定下设计的ＴＭＤ减震控制系统在柔性地基条件下的控制效果不太理想，甚至会出现负面效应。本文还探讨了在柔性地基条件下影响结构减震控制效果的一些因素。 相似文献
16.
The nonlinear behavior of a soil-foundation system may alter the seismic response of a structure by providing additional flexibility to the system and dissipating hysteretic energy at the soil-foundation interface. However, the current design practice is still reluctant to consider the nonlinearity of the soil-foundation system, primarily due to lack of reliable modeling techniques. This study is motivated towards evaluating the effect of nonlinear soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the seismic responses of low-rise steel moment resisting frame (SMRF) structures. In order to achieve this, a Winkler-based approach is adopted, where the soil beneath the foundation is assumed to be a system of closely-spaced, independent, nonlinear spring elements. Static pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on a 3-story SMRF building and the performance of the structure is evaluated through a variety of force and displacement demand parameters. It is observed that incorporation of nonlinear SSI leads to an increase in story displacement demand and a significant reduction in base moment, base shear and inter-story drift demands, indicating the importance of its consideration towards achieving an economic, yet safe seismic design. 相似文献
17.
Current practice usually pays little attention to the effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on seismic analysis and design of bridges. The objective of this research study is to assess the significance of SSI on the modal with geometric stiffness and seismic response of a bridge with integral abutments that has been constructed using a new bridge system technology. Emphasis is placed on integral abutment behavior, since abutments together with piers are the most critical elements in securing the integrity of bridge superstructures during earthquakes. Comparison is made between analytical results and field measurements in order to establish the accuracy of the superstructure–abutment model. Sensitivity studies are conducted to investigate the effects of foundation stiffness on the overall dynamic and seismic response of the new bridge system. 相似文献
18.
基于能力谱法的SSI体系抗震pushover分析方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先经过2次等效将土与结构相互作用的多自由度体系等效为单自由度体系,并给出了修正反应谱和等价能力谱的确定方法,进而提出了基于能力谱法考虑土与结构动力相互作用(SSI)效应的结构体系pushover分析方法(SSIPA);然后对3种不同高度考虑SSI效应的结构体系在5条地震动作用下采用本文提出的方法进行了算例分析,将结果与非线性时程分析的结果进行了比较,研究了本方法的适用性和准确性;最后,与建筑抗震设计规范的设计反应谱相结合,对9层考虑SSI效应的钢结构用本文提出的方法进行了弹塑性地震反应分析,根据我国抗震设计规范的规定进行抗震性能的评估验证了本方法的可行性。 相似文献
19.
A setback building has a sudden discontinuity in the frame geometry along the height. This kind of irregularity causes an abrupt discontinuity in stiffness, strength and mass of the building frame. In this study, a total of nineteen mid-rise 9-story steel moment resisting frames with setbacks including the broad range of different geometrical configurations were studied. An eigenvalue analysis was performed to evaluate and scrutinize the dynamic characteristics of setback structures. The effect of geometrical configurations on the seismic responses of setback frames was studied by means of nonlinear response history analysis using a set of far-field ground motion records. Moreover, due to the rapidly increasing use of pushover analysis for the seismic evaluation of structures in recent years, enhanced pushover analyses (EPAs) including the modal pushover analysis, the upper bound pushover analysis, the consecutive modal pushover and the extended N2 methods were implemented as a main part of this study. The findings show that two factors including the location of setback and the degree of setback are of key importance and influence the dynamic characteristics and seismic responses of setback structures. The degree of accuracy of the enhanced pushover analysis methods generally depends on the dynamic characteristics (geometrical configuration) of the setback frames. The largest error in the EPAs in predicting the story drifts generally occurs in a setback frame with a larger amount of the ratio between the effective modal participating mass ratio of the higher modes and that of the first mode. 相似文献