共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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受载条件下大型灰岩样品的电阻率前兆特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用实验方法研究了500mm×500mm×1000mm的大型天然灰岩样品从微裂到大破裂的电阻率前兆特征,对资料的初步分析表明:(1)电阻率异常的时空演化进程与岩石从受力、变形到破坏的整个过程密切相关;(2)电阻率异常的空间分布具有差异性,时间演化具有阶段性;(3)在整个加载过程中电阻率变化有明显的“趋势”异常,岩石大破裂前观测到了“短期”前兆和“临震”突变。这些实验结果为大地震前野外地电阻率法观测资料的物理解释提供了实验依据。最后,利用所观测到的电阻率前兆特征对受载条件下灰岩样品的变形破坏过程进行了初步讨论。 相似文献
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地震前兆时空非均匀性指标Cv值的实验检验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在双向加载条件下，对两种构造和介质不同的岩石标本进行变形实验，测量了标本表面不同部位的应变．在此基础上，利用王晓青和陈学忠等提出的描述地震前兆非均匀分布的参量————Cv值，分析了标本变形失稳过程中应变异常的分布，以期从实验角度检验Cv值方法并探讨其物理意义．研究表明，Cv值的变化与岩石变形特征的变化有关，是描述前兆分布非均匀性的一种有效指标；Cv值在失稳发生前先异常上升，然后下降，并在Cv值恢复过程中或恢复后伴随着失稳事件的发生．因此，Cv值是一种有效的预报指标． 相似文献
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本文分析讨论了实验地震学研究中很少论及的岩石破裂和破坏的很大差异，指出仅以岩石破坏实验模拟地震特别是前兆研究存在诸多不足.建议以岩石破裂来模拟地震特别是前兆研究，由此可给出较为完整的地震活动图像.岩石破坏前兆已研究的相当多，但大破裂前则未必出现如破坏那样的前兆.大破裂前兆特征比破坏前兆更能反映地震前兆的复杂性，其识别更难，更符合实际.同时议及以岩样的整体黏滑模拟地震研究特别是前兆研究的不足.建议加强对局部现象——大破裂（或黏滑）的前兆特征、预测方法的深入仔细研究. 相似文献
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岩石应力状态改变引起岩石热状态改变的研究 总被引：38，自引：2，他引：38
岩石的应力状态发生改变是否能引起岩石的热状态发生改变，是一个值得研究的重要问题，我们在实验室对岩石试件进行实验，实验得出岩石的温度随岩石受到的压力增加而显著增加，在试件破裂前出现明显的破裂温度前兆；实验还发现岩石内部温度随压力变化的不均匀性，不同测温点的温度变化不同，其变化量可相差几度。 相似文献
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1 研究背景
声发射是指岩石在受力过程中发生变形和破裂,其应变能释放所监测到的一种物理现象,而b值是表征地震震级—频度关系的参数,研究人员发现,b值具有非线性特征,且与岩石破裂过程密切相关.因此,利用岩石试件变形破坏过程中产生的声发射事件模拟地震,进而研究不同加载条件下岩石变形破坏过程中的声发射b值变化特征,可用于监测岩石受力破坏过程中内部预存微裂隙的活动状态,有助于揭示岩石损伤机理及岩石的破坏程度,也可作为岩石失稳预警参数,捕捉地震发生的前兆信息. 相似文献
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给出一个描述前兆时空分布非均匀性的参数——CV值．研究了华北北部地区６级左右强震前水氡与电磁波观测值异常的时空分布非均匀性的变化特征．结果表明,在强震前,水氡与电磁波观测异常台站的空间分布非均匀性发生了显著变化,CV值有明显的升高过程．这说明,震前短临地震前兆异常在空间上分布的非均匀性增强,变得更加不均匀．这可能与地壳应力场的增强过程有关．如果这个结果得到进一步证实,不仅有助于认识地震孕育发生过程,还对地震预报具有现实意义,并将为充分利用现有前兆资料进行地震预测研究,开辟一条新的途径． 相似文献
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在双向压缩条件下,研究了一种非均匀断层模型标本在变形过程中的声发射(AE)时空特征.结果表明,随侧向应力sigma;2的增大,断层破裂强度提高,自加载至破坏的时间延长,破坏形式由突发失稳逐渐转变为渐进式破坏.预制断层及其非均匀性对标本变形过程中AE空间分布图象起明显的控制作用.预制断层,特别是预制断层上的强度不均匀部位及高强度段落,控制着微破裂空间分布的总体格局.破裂局部化均起始于断层上强度不均匀部位,随侧向应力sigma;2的增大,微破裂密集区域从预制断层强度不均匀部位逐渐扩展到整个高强度区段.侧向应力sigma;2的大小对AE时序特征具有显著影响.较低sigma;2条件下,断层表现为突发失稳,失稳发生在微破裂活动ldquo;增强-平静rdquo;的背景之上;而较高sigma;2条件下,断层表现为渐进式破坏,破坏前后AE频次持续增加,AER呈指数增长.sigma;2对b值变化也具有一定影响.当断层破坏表现为突发失稳时,b值在弹性阶段后期至弱化阶段显示出ldquo;前兆rdquo;性降低;而当断层表现为渐进式破坏时,b值变化平稳. 相似文献
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选择４种地壳岩石样品,经干燥或水饱和处理后在不同围压条件下测量了在其中传播的纵、横波的速度及其各向异性．在大气压条件下低孔隙度(＜１％岩样中,水饱和样品中的纵波速度明显地比干燥样品中的高,但横波速度的差别不大．因为在低孔隙度岩样中纵波速度对孔隙流体的反应比横波速度敏感,可以用泊松比的变化来反映随着围压的增加晶粒间流体对弹性波传播特性的影响．根据实验数据,按Ｏ’Ｃｏｎｎｅｌｌ模型分别计算了干燥和水饱和岩样中的裂纹密度,与通过实测体应变曲线得到的裂纹孔隙度十分吻合．利用横波的速度和偏振特性可以推断岩样中定向排列微裂纹的空间取向情况．研究表明,同时测量在岩样中传播的纵、横波的速度,通过Ｖｐ／Ｖｓ比值可以给出有关颗粒边界流体的证据,也可以估计岩样中的裂纹密度． 相似文献
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Amplitude versus offset concepts can be used to generate weighted stacking schemes (here called geo-stack) which can be used in an otherwise standard seismic data processing sequence to display information about rock properties. The Zoeppritz equations can be simplified and several different approximations appear in the literature. They describe the variation of P-wave reflection coefficients with the angle of incidence of a P-wave as a function of the P-wave velocities, the S-wave velocities and the densities above and below an interface. Using a smooth, representative interval velocity model (from boreholes or velocity analyses) and assuming no dip, the angle of incidence can be found as a function of time and offset by iterative ray tracing. In particular, the angle of incidence can be computed for each sample in a normal moveout corrected CMP gather. The approximated Zoeppritz equation can then be fitted to the amplitudes of all the traces at each time sample of the gather, and certain rock properties can be estimated. The estimation of the rock properties is achieved by the application of time- and offset-variant weights to the data samples before stacking. The properties which can be displayed by geo-stack are: P-wave reflectivity (or true zero-offset reflectivity), S-wave reflectivity, and the reflectivity of P-wave velocity divided by S-wave velocity (or ‘pseudo-Poisson's ratio reflectivity’). If assumptions are made about the relation between P-wave velocity and S-wave velocity for water-bearing clastic silicate rocks, then it is possible to create a display which highlights the presence of gas. 相似文献
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基于双差层析成像的时移层析成像方法能够获得不同时间段之间的地下介质的速度变化,且不同的数据分布和质量对结果影响较小.在本研究中我们使用云南地震区域台网所记录到的P波绝对到时及相对到时数据,利用时移层析成像方法得到了2014年鲁甸M S6.5地震发生前后震源区高精度的P波速度变化的时空分布.结果表明:2014年鲁甸地震发生后,震源区同震期P波速度下降,但没有下降至最大,而是在震后1—4个月内下降至最大,接着P波速度开始上升,震源区开始愈合,愈合过程从浅层逐渐发展至深层,逐渐恢复至震前水平.同时发现在空间上P波速度变化与余震分布变化相一致,鲁甸地震同震应力变化与速度变化之间也有较好的一致性,所以认为地震引起的应力变化是造成鲁甸地震速度变化的一个重要原因,余震的动态和静态应力造成了震源区介质物理属性的改变从而影响了P波速度的变化. 相似文献
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岩石弹性各向异性特征是普遍存在的,但导致岩石弹性各向异性的原因复杂且仍然存在一定争议.本研究以龙马溪页岩为例,试图建立页岩弹性各向异性和矿物分布之间关系.研究使用无损超声波探测获取岩石弹性各向异性参数,并使用背散射技术获取岩石矿物分布特征.研究通过引进变异系数来描述矿物或孔裂隙在不同方向的差异性,并通过2个正交方向的变异系数建立微观异质性指标,用于表征微观尺度上矿物或孔裂隙在不同方向的差异程度.微观背散射图像显示,龙马溪组页岩主要由石英和伊利石构成,且这两种矿物和孔裂隙在X和Y面上都有定向排列特征.相应地,它们的变异系数在X面和Y面上均表现出随角度增大而降低的特征;而在Z面,石英、伊利石和孔裂隙变异系数变化不明显,这与Z面上矿物和孔裂隙无明显方向性的特点一致.无损超声波探测结果显示,波速在X和Y面上随角度增加而减小,这与主要矿物和孔裂隙变异系数变化趋势相同;而在Z面,波速变化不大,与主要矿物和孔裂隙变异系数变化不明显的特征一致.以上观测结果说明,宏观波速与矿物的微观变异系数明显相关,暗示岩石弹性各向异性与矿物分布直接相关. 相似文献
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Correlating P-wave Velocity with the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Different Rocks 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Manoj Khandelwal 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(4):507-514
In mining and civil engineering projects, physico-mechanical properties of the rock affect both the project design and the construction operation. Determination of various physico-mechanical properties of rocks is expensive and time consuming, and sometimes it is very difficult to get cores to perform direct tests to evaluate the rock mass. The purpose of this work is to investigate the relationships between the different physico-mechanical properties of the various rock types with the P-wave velocity. Measurement of P-wave velocity is relatively cheap, non-destructive and easy to carry out. In this study, representative rock mass samples of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks were collected from the different locations of India to obtain an empirical relation between P-wave velocity and uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, punch shear, density, slake durability index, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, impact strength index and Schmidt hammer rebound number. A very strong correlation was found between the P-wave velocity and different physico-mechanical properties of various rock types with very high coefficients of determination. To check the sensitivity of the empirical equations, Students t test was also performed, which confirmed the validity of the proposed correlations. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme. 相似文献
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采用实验手段研究岩石的动、静弹性参数的变化规律及动、静态参数间的相互关系时存在着测试成本高,工作量大,普适性差且可靠性较低等问题.对岩样在单轴压缩加载条件下的破坏过程,采用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA系统进行数值模拟,获取岩样的应力—应变曲线可计算得到静态弹性参数.从弹性波动理论出发,采用交错网格有限差分方法,对超声波透射实验进行数值模拟,获取纵、横波速度可计算得到动态弹性参数.对50块不同的气饱和孔洞型岩样同步计算其动、静态弹性参数,并分析动、静态弹性参数随孔隙度的变化规律及动、静态弹性参数间的关系.结果表明:动弹性模量大于静弹性模量,且二者之间的线性关系良好,而动、静泊松比之间不存在明显的相关关系.该项研究为动、静弹性参数关系研究提供了新的方法,研究结果对于指导储层预测、油气检测以及地震资料综合解释都有重要的意义. 相似文献
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The pressure dependence of P- and S-wave velocities, velocity anisotropy, shear wave splitting and crack-porosity has been investigated in a number of samples from different crustal rock types for dry and wet (water saturated) conditions. At atmospheric pressure, P-wave velocities of the saturated, low-porosity rocks (< 1%) are significantly higher than in dry rocks, whereas the differences for S-wave velocities are less pronounced. The effect of intercrystalline fluids on seismic properties at increased pressure conditions is particularly reflected by the variation of the Poisson's ratio because P-wave velocities are more sensitive to fluids than S-wave velocities in the low-porosity rocks. Based on the experimental data, the respective crack-density parameter (), which is a measure of the number of flat cracks per volume unit contained within the background medium (crack-free matrix), has been calculated for dry and saturated conditions. There is a good correlation between the calculated crack-densities and crack-porosities derived from the experimentally determined volumetric strain curves. The shear wave velocity data, along with the shear wave polarisation referred to a orthogonal reference system, have been used to derive the spatial orientation of effective oriented cracks within a foliated biotite gneiss. The experimental data are in reasonable agreement with the self consistent model of O'Connell and Budiansky (1974). Taking the various lithologies into account, it is clear from the present study, that combined seismic measurements ofV
p
andV
s
, using theV
p
V
s
-ratio, may give evidence for fluids on grain boundaries and, in addition, may provide an estimate on the in-situ crack-densities. 相似文献
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Yu. S. Genshaft A. K. Gapeev S. K. Gribov V. A. Tselmovich 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2008,44(10):785-788
Results derived from the study of petrophysical properties and mineralogy of rocks, minerals, and model objects differing in formation conditions and composition are presented. Petromagnetic and paleomagnetic characteristics of rock samples are examined and modeling experiments on crystallization of ferromagnetic minerals are carried out in a wide region of pressures and temperatures. Minerals of rocks of different origins and ages (igneous and metamorphic rocks, xenoliths, and megacrystals) are studied, and the physicochemical conditions of their formation are reconstructed. Constraints are obtained on redox conditions of occurrence of rocks, the depth of magma chambers, and implications of secondary superimposed processes of metasomatism and metamorphism for variations in physical properties of Earth’s interior substance with depth. The structural factor is shown to be of great significance for the formation of magnetic properties of iron oxides. Using mineral geothermobarometry, the deep distributions of temperature and oxygen fugacity beneath volcanically active regions are estimated. 相似文献