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1.
四种计算地震反应数值方法的比较研究 总被引：27，自引：9，他引：18
本文在简要总结了计算单自由度系统地震反应频域方法和时域方法的特点之后,按照统一的递归公式,系统地对计算单自由度体系的四种时域方法即中心差分方法、Newmark方法、Z变换方法、Duhamel逐步积分法进行了对比研究。通过递归系数b1和b2的不变性、传递函数的低频约束条件和相位特性以及数值分析等几个方面说明了上述方法各自的优缺点、相对精度和适用的范围。根据动力平衡方程的算子不变性,研究了上述方法的共性特征,揭示了相对位移、相对速度、相对加速度递归公式的内在联系,这表明只要知道相对位移的递归公式,相对速度、相对加速度的递归公式也就随之确定,在此基础上推荐了一套计算单自由度系统相对位移、相对速度、相对加速度地震反应的递归公式。 相似文献
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本文较为系统地给出了线性单自由度振动系统不等时间步长振动反应数值计算的连锁公式,并且讨论了该算法的某些数值分析特性,证明了该算法是无条件稳定的,且满足收敛性要求.文中给出了同时计算相对位移、相对速度和绝对加速度反应谱的计算程序. 相似文献
3.
利用数字化速度记录实时仿真位移与加速度时程 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
根据地震仪的原理和作者提出的单自由度系统地震反应的递归公式,本文系统研究了利用数字化宽频带速度型记录仿真地面位移和地面加速度等问题,从时域上提出了一套实时计算公式,数值计算结果表明,本文所提方法速度快、精度高,可广泛应用于地震监测和地震动参数的实时计算。 相似文献
4.
单自由度系统地震动力反应的实时计算方法 总被引：18，自引：6，他引：12
本文对计算单自由度系统地震动力反应的频域方法和时域方法进行了分析比较。说明了目前时域方法所存在的问题,指出寻找一种在计算精度上与频域方法等价的时域算法是一个值得研究的重要课题。据此,本文提出了一套能较精确模拟单自由度系统传递函数的时域方法。其计算格式采用具有较高计算效率的递归格式。理论分析与数值试验表明,该方法具有精度优于其他时域算法、速度快的特点,可应用于强震观测台网中强地震动参数的实时计算。 相似文献
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对基于位移的抗震设计方法单自由度体系弹塑性位移计算的等效线性化方法中的等效阻尼模型进行研究.在统计分析的基础上,提出了考虑场地类别和设计地震分组的等效阻尼比公式,并与不同阻尼比公式进行了比较.对不同等效线性化方法的计算误差进行了统计分析,结果表明,本文建议的公式在预测单自由度体系位移反应方面与动力弹塑性分析结果在统计意义上吻合得最好. 相似文献
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随机结构分析的扩阶系统方法(Ⅱ)——结构动力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
李杰 《地震工程与工程振动》1995,(4)
本文论述随机结构系统在确定性时程激励下的分析方法。文中提供的扩阶系统动力方程的一般公式,适用于同时具有随机质量、随机阻尼、随机刚度参数的多自由度动力系统。文中并对此扩阶动力方程建议了基于线性加速度假定的递归聚缩算法。 相似文献
8.
地震波时域数值优化研究及应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
将最小二乘拟合法与单自由度地震动力反应递归法相结合来解决地震观测和人工模拟地震波过程中速度、位移的基线漂移问题。首先以3次多项式来拟合加速度的均值线(一次优化);再对一次优化后的积分速度、位移时程仍存在的长周期基线波动问题,运用单自由度地震动力反应递归法进行二次优化。文中通过3个数值算例体现出优化算法的优越性,并将优化后的地震波加速度时程应用到江坪河水电站溢洪道控制段三维有限元动力计算分析中。结果表明,该算法消除了积分基线漂移影响,具有较好的可行性、数值稳定性和易操作性。 相似文献
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随机结构分析的扩阶系统方法（II）结构动力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
李杰 《地震工程与工程振动》1995,15(4):27-35
本文论述随机结构系统在确定性时程激励下的分析方法。文中提供的扩阶系统动力方程的一般公式，适用于同时具有随机质量、随机阻尼、随机刚度参数的多自由度动力系统。文中并对此扩阶动力方程建议了基于线性加速度假定的递归聚缩算法。 相似文献
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我们在能量谱快速计算的基础上,研制成功了用于数字化加速度仪的自动地震信号检波器。对一个连续系统进行了不变数字模拟,该系统被认为是作为单自由度系统加速度计的转换函数。使用这一方法推导出了用于计算某种地面运动加速度的速度响应及位移的递归方程,并进而推导出加速度信号能量谱的快速计算方法。 根据对背景噪声的实际观测和统计分析,以及三年时间内在一个选定的台站上取得的实际地震记录,建立了背景噪声模型及预测的能量谱模型。在这些模型的基础上选定了地震事件检测阈值,以便用该阈值来作为自动检测的比较标准。 我们使用本文的方法对北京地震传输台网的资料进行了试验,结果表明该快速计算方法对于取样率为100点/秒的加速度记录具有实时检测的能力。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(9)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in 相似文献
13.
In natural waters arsenic concentrations up to a few milligrams per litre were measured. The natural content of arsenic found in soils varies between 0.01 mg/kg and a few hundred milligrams per kilogram. Anthropogenic sources of arsenic in the environment are the smelting of ores, the burning of coal, and the use of arsenic compounds in many products and production processes in the past. A lot of arsenic compounds are toxic and cause acute and chronic poisoning. In aqueous environment the inorganic arsenic species arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are the most abundant species. The mobility of these species is influenced by the pH value, the redox potential, and the presence of adsorbents such as oxides and hydroxides of Fe(III), Al(III), Mn(III/IV), humic substances, and clay minerals. 相似文献
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Due to deleterious effects on non-target organisms, the use of organotin compounds on boat hulls of small vessels (<25 m) has been widely prohibited. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) resolved that the complete prohibition on organotin compounds acting as biocides in antifouling systems should commence in 2008. As a result of restrictions on the use of organotin based paints, other antifouling formulations containing organic biocides have been utilised. This survey was conducted to assess the contamination of replacement biocides in the marine environment following the ban of TBT-based paints. Surface sediments samples were collected in the major ports and marinas along the France Mediterranean coastline (Cote d’Azur) and analysed for organotin compounds, Irgarol 1051, Sea-nine 211TM, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid and Folpet. Every port and marina exhibited high levels of organotin compounds, with concentrations in sediments ranging from 37 ng Sn g−1dry wt in Menton Garavan to over 4000 ng Sn g−1dry wt close to the ship chandler within the port of Villefranche-sur-Mer. TBT degradation indexes suggested that fresh inputs are still made. Among the other antifoulants monitored, only Irgarol 1051 exhibited measurable concentrations in almost every port, with concentrations ranging from 40 ng g−1dry wt (Cannes) to almost 700 ng g−1dry wt (Villefranche-sur-Mer, ship chandler). 相似文献
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Ian R. Falconer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(1):64-71
Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by a range of cyanobacterial genera. These cyanobacteria occur naturally in drinking water reservoirs subject to eutrophication, and in rivers and natural lakes. Because of the diversity of organisms, the toxins occur, from oligo‐mesotrophic lakes in North Temperate latitudes, to hypertrophic tropical ponds. The toxins are responsible for numerous cases of injury and death of domestic animals, and human poisoning from drinking water. The initial poisoning includes hepatic cell death. This leads to secondary effects from liver deficiency, including jaundice and photosensitisation. The toxic effects are largely due to inhibition of phosphatase enzymes, acting to regulate protein phosphorylation. The consequences include structural damage, apoptosis and, at lower concentrations, cell cycle effects and tumour promotion. As there is no clear evidence for direct carcinogenesis by microcystins, they are classed as non‐carcinogenic toxins in drinking water. Guideline Values for safe drinking water are derived from data for subchronic rodent toxicity, using the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (the highest dose giving no toxicity). To this dose are applied uncertainty factors, to calculate a Tolerable Daily Intake. On the basis of a standard bodyweight and water consumption the Guideline Value is determined for drinking water. For microcystin‐LR the WHO have set a provisional Guideline Value of 1 μg/L for drinking water. 相似文献
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The geomagnetic field and secular variation exhibit asymmetrical spatial features which are possibly originating from an heterogeneous thermal control of the Earth's lower mantle on the core. The identification of this control in magnetic data is subject to several difficulties, some of which can be alleviated by the use of core surface flow models. Using numerical dynamos driven by heterogeneous boundary heat flux, we confirm that within the parameter space accessible to simulations, time average surface flows obey a simple thermal wind equilibrium between the Coriolis and buoyancy forces, the Lorentz, inertial and viscous forces playing only a secondary role, even for Elsasser numbers significantly larger than 1. Furthermore, we average the models over the duration of three vortex turnovers, and correlate them with a longer time average which fully reveals the signature of boundary heterogeneity. This allows us to quantify the possibility of observing mantle control in core surface flows averaged over a short time period. A scaling analysis is performed in order to apply the results to the Earth's core. We find that three vortex turnovers could represent between 100 and 360 years of Earth time, and that the heat flux heterogeneity at the core-mantle boundary could be large enough to yield an observable signature of thermal mantle control in a time average core surface flow within reach of the available geomagnetic data. 相似文献
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Richard McCreary John McGaughey Yves Potvin Dave Ecobichon Marty Hudyma Harald Kanduth Alain Coulombe 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,139(3-4):349-373
Located in northern Québec, the Lac Shortt Mine was a small gold mine consisting of a thin subvertical orebody which was mined in three main phases. High stress and rockbursting conditions were experienced when ore was extracted in the upper zone between the surface and a depth of 500 metres during the first two phases of mining. Severe rockbursts were experienced in late 1989 near the shaft and in the footwall development following a deepening of the mine shaft to a depth of 830 m and partial development of footwall drift access for the third phase of mining (the mining of the lower zone starting at a depth of 830 m moving upward toward a depth of 500 m). A 16-channel Electrolab MP250 microseismic system, with a Queen's University Full-Waveform piggy-back system, was installed underground at the site due to these problems.It was expected that the thinning sill would be subjected to an ever-increasing load as the thickness of the 500 m sill pillar decreased in the face of the mining excavation from below. A monitoring program consisting of the microseismic monitoring system, a range of conventional geomechanics monitoring tools as well as the undertaking of periodic seismic tomography surveys to assess the ongoing state of stress and rock mass condition within the sill was therefore warranted.The anomalously high-magnitude stress field and the brittle rockmass created a situation in which rockmass failure was common and violent. In the creation and thinning of the sill pillar, the location of banded microseismic activity was crucial in tracing rockmass failure and the associated ground control problems. Reliable source-location determination enabled the identification of areas of stress increase. The movement of the rockmass failure front could be followed, and was responsible for stope dilution, footwall and orebody development deterioration, and caving.Source-mechanism analyses gave accurate double-couple solutions for approximately forty percent of these events having at least ten recognizable polarities. Results suggested movement along vertical north-south striking or vertical east-west striking features. Underground observation of damaged access points showed that vertical north-south striking joints were experiencing failure.The microseismic activity, which was consistently concentrated close to the southwest and northeast corners of current production stopes, could be explained by a stress field oriented obliquely to the strike of the orebody, as measured prior to shrinkage of the sill pillar byin situ stress measurements and observed borehole overbreaks. The orientations of theP andT axes for the microseismic activity further confirmed that the stress field oriented obliquely to strike.While an increase in compressional-wave velocity of 2.3 percent, corresponding to a measured stress increase of approximately 10 MPa could be measured by repeated tomographic surveys, it was relatively small and only a factor of two or so above the velocity measured uncertainty. The relative insensitivity of thein situ rock mass modulus to the applied stress is believed to be largely due to the rockmass discontinuities being relatively closed prior to stress increase, as substantiated by the small deformations seen by the extensometer and borehole camera. This situation existed because of the very high pre-mining stress level.The experimental demonstration that the rock could not absorb substantially increased load through the mechanism of discontinuity closure or tightening (which would be reflected in the modulus) may be evidence in itself of potentially burst-prone ground, such as encountered at Lac Shortt. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):704-712
Abstract The upper Niger and Volta rivers exhibit a great and highly contrasting variability of inter-annual runoff. The Bani River, the largest tributary to the Niger River in Mali, shows a dramatic decrease in runoff after the 1970s, with the result that many boreholes in the region have dried up since the drought began. In contrast, the Nakambe River (Upper Volta basin, in Burkina Faso) shows an increase in runoff for the same period, leading to unexpected flood peaks that damaged infrastructures. The contribution that the groundwater and its variability make to surface runoff variability is assessed in this study by comparing the data of the national groundwater monitoring networks of Mali and Burkina Faso to surface runoff. Several variables are compared at the basin scale: the date of the maximum level of the water table, the annual rainfall, discharge, low flows and depletion coefficients. Variability in the low flows of the Bani River is well correlated to a decrease in the water table. Since 1970, the greater decrease in runoff in comparison to the rainfall decrease is due to a reduction in the baseflow, related to the cumulated rainfall deficit. Concerning the Nakambe River, the runoff increase is not supported by a water table increase, but is due to the increase in runoff coefficient related to land degradation. 相似文献
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The inability to detect the presence of viable Helicobacter pylori bacteria in environmental waters has hindered the public health community in assessing the role water may play in the transmission of this pathogen. This work describes a cultural enrichment method coupled with an H. pylori‐specific PCR to identify these bacteria in water. While far from perfected at the present time, this represents an exciting new approach to studying the significance of water as a transmission mechanism for H. pylori. Evidence is presented that indicates culturable H. pylori bacteria were found using this enrichment/PCR method in a local groundwater source. 相似文献