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1.
云南地区中小地震静力学和动力学参数定标关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过消除S波观测谱中的传播路径、场地响应、仪器响应等影响因素,得到中小地震的震源谱.根据Brune震源模型,运用遗传算法计算了地震矩、应力降、震源半径等震源参数;通过考虑由于有限的仪器带宽带来的地震辐射能量低估及补偿问题,测定了中小地震辐射能量;分析了云南地区ML2.0 ～5.3地震静力学和动力学参数定标关系.结果表明:地震矩为2.1×1012～1.2 ×1016N·m,地震矩M0和震级ML的线性关系式为lgM0=1.01ML+10.59;震源破裂半径在86.9～1220.4m之间,地震矩M0与震源半径a之间的关系式为lgM0 =0.003a+ 12.90;应力降结果介于0.03 ～57.55MPa之间,当M0＜4×1014N.m时,应力降随地震矩的增大而增大,当M0≥4 ×1014N·m时,应力降与地震矩之间无明显的依赖关系;地震矩M0与拐角频率∫c明显有依赖关系,二者之间的关系式为lgfc=- lgM0+5.32;地震辐射能量ER在3.01×106～2.06×1012J之间,地震辐射能量ER与震级ML之间的关系为lgER=1.18ML+5.69.当M0＜4×1014N·m时,折合能量有随地震矩增大而增大的趋势,当M0≥4×1014N·m时,折合能量不随地震矩的增大而变化;地震视应力范围为0.02～31.4MPa之间,视应力与震源深度之间没有明显的依赖性. 相似文献
2.
2000年1月15日云南姚安发生5.9级和6.5级地震,利用布设在震中附近的6个流动数字地震台所记录的地震波资料,采用波谱分析和Brune理论的方法,得到姚安地震序列震源谱参数和震源参数。结果表明:地震序列的地震矩在108～1014N·m之间,应力降在0.005～10MPa之间,震源半径分布在50～660m之间,并得到地震矩M0和震级ML的关系为:lgM0=8.24+1.4ML。随着地震矩增大应力降增加,拐角频率反而减小;随震级的增大震源半径变大,但震源半径与应力降之间不存在明显的相关关系。 相似文献
3.
本文利用2007年5月-2010年6月间龙岗火山地震台网记录的火山区46个地震资料,采用Brune（1970）模式,通过几何扩散校正、介质衰减校正、仪器校正等将速度记录谱归算为震源位移谱,使用遗传算法计算拐角频率及零频极限,进而计算震源半径、地震矩等小震震源参数,并系统分析了各种参数之间的关系。研究中使用地震事件的震级为ML1.6～5.0,震源深度为5～10km。结果表明：地震矩范围为10^11～10^15N.m,震源半径为74～658m,地震应力降为0.14～13.1bar。地震矩与近震震级表现出半对数关系,拐角频率与地震矩呈现对数关系,应力降随震级变化不明显。 相似文献
4.
2009年7月9日在云南省姚安县发生M6.0地震,利用云南区域数字地震台网记录的ML≥2.0余震波形记录,通过对S波观测记录谱进行传播路径、场地响应和仪器响应等影响的逐一消除,得到131个地震的震源谱.进而根据Brune圆盘震源模型,利用遗传算法计算地震矩、应力降、震源半径等震源参数.结果表明,该地震序列的M0在1012-1016N·m,与近震震级有很好的线性关系,与震源半径呈线性关系;应力降与近震震级有一定线性趋势相关性;拐角频率和地震矩M0之间有明显的依赖关系. 相似文献
5.
浙江珊溪水库地震震源参数研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用浙江省区域数字地震台网记录的珊溪水库地震波资料,采用Brune(1970)模式,通过几何扩散校正、介质衰减校正、仪器校正等将速度记录谱归算为震源位移谱,使用遗传算法计算拐角频率及零频极限,进而计算震源半径、地震矩等小震震源参数,并系统分析了各种参数之间的关系。研究中使用发生于2002～2006年间ML2.0～4.6珊溪水库库区地震180个,分析结果为:地震矩范围为1011～1015N.m,震源破裂半径为74～727m,地震矩、拐角频率、矩震级及体波震级之间表现出一定的对数线性或半对数线性关系,并可分别表示为:lgM0=0.0061R 11.71,lgM0=1.11ML 10.11,MW=0.7447ML 0.7。地震应力降范围为0.08～4.95MPa,应力降与震源半径之间表现出一定的相关关系。 相似文献
6.
2008年盈江5.9级地震序列震源参数研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
2008年8月21日在云南省盈江县发生了MS5.9地震。利用云南区域数字地震台网记录的ML≥2.5余震波形记录,通过对S波观测记录谱进行传播路径、场地响应和仪器响应等影响的逐一消除,得到了196个ML≥2.5地震的震源谱,进而根据Brune圆盘震源模型,利用遗传算法计算了地震矩、应力降、震源半径等震源参数,结果表明,该地震序列的地震矩在1012～1016N.m间,与近震震级有很好的线性关系,与震源半径也呈线性关系;应力降与近震震级有一定的线性趋势相关性;拐角频率和地震矩之间有明显的依赖关系。 相似文献
7.
新疆南天山西段中小地震震源参数初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用多台多地震联合反演的方法得到了新疆南天山西段2012年6月至2013年10月各台站中小地震的震源谱,进而计算149次ML≥2.0地震的应力降、地震矩、震源破裂半径、拐角频率等震源参数,并分析南天山西段地区震源参数形态特征。结果表明,南天山西段地区震级与地震矩(M0)、矩震级(MW)、震源尺度(R)之间表现为正相关,与地震的拐角频率之间成负相关。地震矩(M0)随着震源破裂尺度逐渐变大,成正相关的一次函数关系。初步分析后认为,震级在ML2.5~3.6范围内的地震更适合于研究南天山西段地区有关应力降特征的跟踪和研究。 相似文献
8.
利用遗传算法,搜索符合Brune ω^2模型的拐角频率（fc）及零频幅值（Ωc）的最佳值,测定浙江珊溪水库震区88条小震（1．5≤ML≤4．6）的地震矩（M0）、震源尺度（r）及静态应力降（△σ）。地震矩M0在10^10～10^14N·m范围内,与拐角频率fc遵循Mo∝fc^-3的规律;震源尺度和地震矩、应力降之间呈现多重标度特征,地震矩大于临界值2．3×10^12N·m（相应的震源尺度特征值约160m）时,震源尺度与地震矩的关系较强;而应力降（△σ）在震源尺度大于160m后基本趋向恒定,不随震源尺度的增大而增大。浙江珊溪水库震区自2002年7月以来,经历2次大规模的震群活动。震群释放的应力降大小与该震群的规模成正比关系,大的应力降集中在发震断层中段5～6km深度的区域,其发生时间既可以在主震之前,也可以在主震之后。 相似文献
9.
利用“十五”数字化后山西地震台网记录的612次 ML ≥2．0地震,使用中国地震局地震预测研究所推广的中小地震新参数计算软件,计算其中148次事件的震源新参数,对地震矩、矩震级、震源破裂尺度、应力降、拐角频率等参数间的定标关系做初步研究,得出 ML 震级与地震矩、矩震级间存在较好的线性正相关;震级与震源尺度间存在多项式关系;与应力降的对数呈显著正相关,当大于 ML 4．0后,随着震级的增大,释放的应力降略有变缓;与拐角频率的对数呈负相关。 相似文献
10.
会泽5.3级和文山5.3级地震序列震源参数研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用云南区域地震数字台网记录到的2005年8月5日云南会泽MS5.3地震和8月13日文山MS5.3地震的数字地震波形记录,在对S波观测记录位移谱进行传播路径、场地响应和仪器响应等校正后,根据Brune圆盘震源模型,利用遗传算法估算了这两个地震序列的震源参数.结果表明,两个序列的地震矩M0均在1012～1014 N·m之间,与近震震级有很好的线性关系,与震源半径呈线性关系;应力降与近震震级无明显的依赖关系;拐角频率和地震矩之间有明显的依赖关系,但拐角频率的实际计算值 fc 与在给定地震矩条件下得到的估计值fa之差及应力降随时间的变化表现出了不同的特征会泽地震序列的拐角频率差值和应力降在ML3.1余震前有一个由高到低的变化过程,反映了余震区应力场增高-下降的过程;文山地震序列拐角频率差值和应力降在ML≥3.1余震前均会出现高值或低值异常. 相似文献
11.
断层错动对隧道的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
隧道通过潜在地震地区时.存在活动断层的错动形成的重大工程地质问题的威胁.基于断裂儿何学和震源的运动学特征,以广州地区活动断裂为研究背景,通过在断层左右盘施加一定的速度荷载,模拟了断层错动达到0.28 m时对隧道的影响.得出隧道结构在断层错动影响下的位移和应力的变化规律.分别建立隧道结构距离断层50 m、100 m、150 m三个模型,比较了三种情况下的位移和应力状况.归纳出隧道与断层之间的安全距离. 相似文献
12.
章双立 《CT理论与应用研究》1995,4(3):21-24
保证ＣＴ的可靠运行，提供最佳质量的ＣＴ图，已成为临床放射全面质量控制的重要内容之一，本文以ＴＣＴ８０Ａ和ＧＥ９０００两台ＣＴ机为例，从维修角度谈ＣＴ机的质量保证。 相似文献
13.
沉积物再悬浮对食浮游动物鱼类捕食浮游动物的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在亚热带浅水湖泊中,由风浪引起沉积物再悬浮是其重要特征之一.沉积物再悬浮一方面直接影响浮游动物群落结构,另一方面通过影响食浮游动物鱼类对浮游动物的捕食而产生间接影响.以食浮游动物鱼类——餐条(Hemiculter leucisculus)为实验对象,通过模拟实验,比较不同再悬浮条件下餐条对浮游动物群落结构的影响.结果显示,在有餐条的处理组中,大型枝角类短钝溞(Daphnia obtusa)只在弱再悬浮条件下出现,并成为枝角类群落的优势种;在无餐条的处理组中,短钝溞生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.强再悬浮(无餐条)和无再悬浮(有餐条)条件下,小型枝角类角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia cornuta)和盘肠溞(Chydorus sp.)为优势种.无论有、无餐条条件下,桡足类优势种均为中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops sp.),其生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.所有处理组中,轮虫丰度均低于枝角类和桡足类丰度.研究表明,在亚热带浅水湖泊中,适当的悬浮质浓度既能干扰食浮游动物鱼类对大型浮游动物的捕食,又不影响大型浮游动物的生存,使得它们保持一定的丰度,通过对浮游植物的摄食,降低叶绿素a浓度. 相似文献
14.
Introduction With rapid development of national economy, urbanization has been speeded up in China, and several city groups or city belts with extra-large cities as their centers have been formed. For example, Pearl River Delta urbanized area surrounds Guangzhou City, Shenzhen City, Zhuhai City; Yangtze River Delta urbanized area surrounds Shanghai City, Suzhou City, Wuxi City, Nanjing City, Hangzhou City; Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan urbanized area surrounds Beijing City, Tianjin City… 相似文献
15.
The goal of cathodic protection is to prevent corrosion by maintaining buried pipelines at a constant potential with respect to the surrounding soil. In practice, however, the implementation is very complicated since many factors can contribute to the current flowing off the pipe. Design requires characterization of the parameters impacting the corrosion process, such as soil resistivity, size of the pipe and quality of the coating.In the present paper, we have studied the effect of geomagnetic fields on the pipe-induced currents considering it as an additional cause of corrosion. A theoretical method implemented to model the induced currents was tested in a previous work and the effect during disturbed days was quantified. This theoretical model indicated that the intensity of the current induced in a pipeline by the varying geomagnetic field depends on the intensity and rate of change of the field and the electrical resistivity of the soil. This induced current is in equilibrium with the host current and there is no current drainage between the pipeline and the host until, along the length of the pipeline, the host resistivity becomes different. At that point, current must flow between the pipe and host in order to establish a new equilibrium. It is this drainage current, flowing between the pipeline and the host, which causes corrosion problems.Following these results, experimental tests were performed in Tierra del Fuego. In this zone, a geophysical study was made to determine the discontinuities in soil resistivities and simultaneous measurements of the geomagnetic field and the drainage of current were recorded at different sites. The results obtained from the correlation of the data are consistent with the theoretical predictions. 相似文献
16.
测定震源深度的意义的初步讨论 总被引：32，自引：5，他引：32
在地震目录中，震源深度是地震学最基本的参数之一，然而它也是一个最不易测准的参数，ＰＤＥ报告中的震源深度以及ＵＳＧＳ和Ｈａｒｖａｒｄ大学的ＣＭＴ反演的矩心深度和利用宽频带波形的深度震相资料获得的震源深度各不相同，其含义也不同，而宽频带波形模拟得到又是一种破裂“核心”的深度。本文对不同测量手段的震源深度的不同物理意义做了初步的探讨。 相似文献
17.
Energy and thermal transfers in active volcanoes can play an important role incontrolling their dynamics depending on the hydrothermal state. Much geothermalenergy is released through the groundwater circulation, hot gas emission and thermalconduction. Therefore, it is very important to know the hydrological and thermalenvironments associated with volcanoes from the volcano-energetic point of view.However, it is difficult to evaluate these because of the availability of only a fewborehole data on the summit of volcanoes. Recent studies reveal that self-potential(SP) anomalies (up to some hundreds of mV) are observed on volcanoes, activefissure zones and/or fumarolic areas, suggesting that the SP anomalies are closelyrelated to heat-triggered phenomena such as thermoelectric and electrokinetic effectsdue to hydrothermal circulations. Therefore, SP studies can be appropriate for sensingthe thermal and hydrothermal states of volcanoes. In addition, monitoring SP anomaliescan be an efficient method for describing the change of thermal state and the evolutionof the hydrothermal (and volcanic) activities.In this paper, we have reviewed the origin of the SP anomalies associated withvolcanic phenomena theoretically as well as experimentally. Subsequently, wehave presented the results of many case studies and have classified the types ofanomalies in accordance with possible mechanisms. We have also described theresults of time variations of SP anomalies associated with volcanic activities. Timevarying SP fields exhibit the dynamic aspects of volcanic activities correspondingto the evolution of hydrothermal activity, changes in ground water circulation andmagma displacement. These morphological insights should lead to a quantitativeinterpretation of SP anomalies in volcanic regions. 相似文献
18.
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,¶rt; h a ¶rt;umuauu. 相似文献
19.
Occurrence of water ponding on soil surfaces depending on infiltration rates on Mongolian rangeland 
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下载免费PDF全文 Katori Miyasaka Sho Shiozawa Kazuhiro Nishida Siilegmaa Batsukh Shuichiro Yoshida Undarmaa Jamsran 《水文研究》2017,31(22):3996-4005
The occurrence of water ponding on soil surfaces during and after heavy rainfall produces surface run‐off or surface water accumulation in low‐lying areas, which might reduce the water supply to soils and result in a reduction of the soil water that plants can use, especially in arid climates. On Mongolian rangeland, we observed ponded water on the surface of a specific soil condition subjected to a heavy rainfall of 30 mm/hr. By contrast, ponded water was not observed for the same type of soil where livestock grazing had been removed for 6–8 years via a fence or for nearby soil containing less clay. We measured the infiltration rate (the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil, Ks) of the three sites by applying ponded water on the soil surface (an intake rate test). The results showed that Ks in the rangeland was lower than the rainfall intensity in the site where water ponded on the soil surface; however, Ks of the soil inside of the fence has recovered to 3 times that of the soil outside of the fence to exceed the rainfall intensity. Heavy rainfall that exceeds the infiltration rate occurs several times a year at the livestock grazing site where we observed ponded water. Slight water repellency of the soil reduces rain infiltration to increase the possibility of surface ponding for the soil. 相似文献
20.
Sorption between nanoparticles(NPs)and minerals may critically affect the migration of associated elements as well as the environmental impact of NPs.Since illite is widely present in soil,sediment,and water,we have experimentally investigated the sorption behavior of citrate-coated gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)as model NPs on illite under different pH and mineral mass conditions.We demonstrated that sorption of these negatively charged AuNPs strongly depended on the suspension pH.At pH above 8,which coincided with the apparent point of zero charge(pH 7.9)of our illite sample,only marginal sorption of AuNPs was observed.At pH 3-8,significant sorption of AuNPs on illite was found,with almost complete sorption occurring at more acidic conditions(pH 3-4).TEM observations revealed that sorption took place through the attachment AuNPs on illite edges.At pH 2,AuNPs mostly formed chain-like fused structures and precipitated out of the suspension.Based upon the above pH dependence,residual organic ligand content after sorption,and complementary sorption results with positively charged AuNPs,we conclude that the sorption process is mainly driven by the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged AuNPs and positively charged illite edges,with possible competitive involvement of citrate molecules.We expect that our findings will improve our understanding of NP-mineral interaction and the environmental fate of NPs. 相似文献