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1.
土地利用结构与景观格局对鄱阳湖流域赣江水质的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
徐启渝  王鹏  王涛  舒旺  张华  齐述华 《湖泊科学》2020,32(4):1008-1019
于2015年1月和7月采集赣江干流及支流34个采样点水样,测定电导率、水化学离子、无机氮等水质指标.利用赣江流域2014年30 m分辨率的土地利用数据,以流域景观类型占比表征土地利用结构,景观指数表征景观格局;采用Pearson相关分析、Bioenv分析、Mantle检验与方差分解等方法分析流域土地利用结构与景观格局对赣江水质的影响.结果表明:上游Cl~-、Na~+浓度最高,中游电导率、Cl~-、Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)等水质指标最低,下游电导率、HCO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、NO_3~--N等水质指标最高.居民建设用地是对水质影响最显著的单一土地利用类型.林地、水田与居民建设用地是对水质影响最显著的土地利用类型组合.平均最近邻体指数是对水质影响最显著的单一景观指数,斑块个数、斑块聚集度指数、平均最近邻体指数是对水质影响最显著的景观指数组合.枯水期土地利用结构和景观格局对水质的贡献率分别为41.1%和17.2%,景观格局对水质的贡献率(17.2%)均为和土地利用结构的交互作用,无独立贡献部分;丰水期二者对水质贡献率分别为51%、53%,交互作用部分为37%.以上结果表明,土地利用结构与景观格局都对赣江水质有较大影响,二者的交互作用在该影响中占有重要地位,且枯水期景观格局对水质的影响涵盖在与土地利用结构的交互作用中.  相似文献   

2.
范雅双  于婉晴  张婧  李雪  李小玉 《湖泊科学》2021,33(5):1478-1489
景观格局演变作为人类活动的综合表征,通过改变水文过程和径流路径,从而影响非点源污染物的发生位置、迁移路径和转化过程,进而对流域水环境产生深刻影响.苕溪作为太湖的主要入湖河流之一,对太湖水环境有着关键的影响作用.本文以发源于杭州市临安区太湖源镇的东苕溪上游区域作为研究对象,在对河流水质进行两个时期监测的基础上,运用相关性分析、冗余分析和逐步回归分析等方法,综合景观组分指数和景观空间配置指数,在子流域尺度上量化景观指数对河流不同水质指标的解释能力,探讨河流水质对流域景观格局的响应规律.结果表明:1)东苕溪上游大部分监测点总氮浓度远超地表水V类水质标准限值,但氨氮和总磷浓度整体较低,部分监测点可达Ⅰ类水质标准.2)在汛期,景观组成中流域的"源"景观比例是影响水质的重要因素,农业用地占比与硝态氮、总氮浓度呈显著正相关,建设用地占比对氨氮、总磷浓度影响显著;而在非汛期,景观配置因子,特别是表征斑块形状的周长—面积分形维数(PAFRAC)对河流水质的影响极显著.3)无论是汛期还是非汛期,林地和草地对河流中污染物均具有显著的削减作用,是流域河流污染防治的关键"汇"景观.4)从整体上来看,河流氮、磷污染与人类活动强度密切相关,增加景观连通性、降低自然景观的破碎化程度可有效改善河流水环境.  相似文献   

3.
郭羽羽  李思悦  刘睿  张静 《湖泊科学》2021,33(3):737-748
为探究不同时空尺度土地利用与水质的相互关系,以黄河流域为研究对象,基于2018年河流水质与土地利用数据,提取3种空间尺度(1000 m河段缓冲区、500 m河岸带缓冲区、子流域)的景观格局指数,结合4个季节河流水质指标,采用冗余分析方法定量探讨土地利用对河流水质的多时空尺度影响,获得水质资源管理最有效的时空尺度.结果表明:(1)在3种空间尺度下,耕地和草地占比最大.斑块密度(PD)在1000 m河段缓冲区尺度下更大,香农多样性指数(SHDI)在3种空间尺度下变化不大;(2)水质指标季节性和空间性存在显著差异,夏季水质优于冬季;(3)土地利用在夏季和1000 m河段缓冲区尺度下对水质影响最显著;(4)不同景观格局指数对河流水质产生的影响不同,耕地面积占比和林地面积占比、未利用地面积占比和SHDI对水质影响最为显著,除了耕地面积占比和PD值的增加会导致水质下降外,其余土地利用指数在大多数时空尺度下均可改善水质.该研究基于不同的时空尺度对土地利用与水质的关系进行定量研究,为合理规划土地资源提供参考,从而保护流域水质安全.  相似文献   

4.
林芷欣  许有鹏  代晓颖  王强  袁甲 《湖泊科学》2018,30(6):1722-1731
针对城市化对平原河网水系结构的影响所引起的洪涝灾害频发等一系列水文问题,以我国典型平原河网地区苏州市为例,根据不同城市化程度分为主城区、市辖区、其他市县区,基于1991、2001和2015年三期遥感影像与1960s、1980s和2010s三个时期的水系数据,应用RS/GIS等技术,构建水系结构参数指标,重点探讨了城市化对河网水系结构及功能的影响.结果表明:城镇用地迅速增长,主要以牺牲水田、水域等土地利用方式为代价,到2015年全区城镇用地面积所占比重已达到41.35%,土地利用类型的变化规律与城市化进程的差异性保持一致;水系结构变化主要受城市化影响,且基本与城市化进程呈现同步性.近50年来,全区的水面率、河网密度、支流发育系数、主干河流面积长度比、河网复杂度和河网结构稳定度分别减少了19.63%、6.91%、7.34%、1.06%、5.49%和7.87%,城市化水平与各指数均呈负相关关系;人类活动不仅直接影响河流功能,也间接地通过改变平原河网的水系结构导致其功能发生改变,如河网调蓄能力下降、河流生态功能受损等.该研究为城市化地区河流水系保护及防洪减灾提供参考与理论支撑.  相似文献   

5.
张志敏  杜景龙  陈德超  张飞 《湖泊科学》2022,34(5):1524-1539
地表水质受区域景观组成及其空间配置的影响较大,了解景观特征与水质之间的关系可以极大地提高潜在污染的可预测性和污染物输出的评估能力. 以典型网状河网区域(江苏省溧阳市)为例,研究了土地利用和景观格局特征对地表季节水质的影响. 本研究基于2017年每单月从12个监测断面收集的21个水质指标,首先分析了多尺度缓冲区(500、1000、1500、2000、2500和3000 m)内土地利用和景观格局特征,然后通过主成分分析选取12个指标作为主要水质因子,采用冗余分析确定景观因子对水质指标的最佳影响尺度,最后采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)探究了最佳影响尺度下景观因子对季节水质的影响. 结果表明,2500 m缓冲区是该区域景观因子对水质指标的最佳影响尺度,旱季大多数水质指标PLSR模型的显著性和预测能力比雨季强. 雨季大多数水质指标都受园地、林草地、散布与并列指数(IJI)和香农均匀度指数(SHEI)的重要影响,并且这些景观因子与除pH和溶解氧浓度之外的其他水质指标均呈负相关. 在旱季,溶解氧、石油类、化学需氧量、总氮和总磷浓度受土地利用的影响最大; 另外,IJI是电导率、硫酸盐和亚硝酸盐氮浓度的最重要影响因子,而SHEI对硫化物和总悬浮物浓度的影响最大. 此外,景观指数对雨季水质的影响更大. 本研究结果揭示了网状河网区域土地利用/景观格局与季节性水质的关系,为区域水环境管理和景观格局优化提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

6.
针对当前城市化所引起水系衰减、河流连通受阻以及由此所引起洪涝与水环境的问题,以秦淮河中、下游为例,选取1979和2006年两期流域遥感影像,分析了城市化影响下的下垫面变化特征;选取1980s和2009年的地形图对河流水系进行提取,借鉴景观生态学中河流廊道空间结构分析方法,通过不同时期水系分级,探讨了城市化对水系结构及其连通性的影响.结果表明:(1)城市化使得2006年城镇用地面积相比1979年增加84.54 km2,增加了9倍多,大量林草地、耕地以及水域转变成城镇用地;(2)河流长度在过去的30年里减少了41%,河道主干化趋势明显;河流发育呈现由多元到单一、由复杂到简单的趋势;(3)连通性参数连接率、实际结合度分别由原来的1.28、0.43下降到0.79、0.26,河流的连通性呈下降趋势.该研究将为城市化地区河流水系保护提供支持与参考.  相似文献   

7.
冉蛟  肖克彦  向蓉  郑丙辉 《湖泊科学》2023,35(6):1960-1969
邛海是云贵高原水域面积>25 km2的11个天然湖泊之一。基于邛海入湖河流与湖区水质监测数据,揭示入湖河流水质特征,并探究其湖区响应。结果表明:2021年,邛海入湖河流水质空间异质性显著,且分为自然型、农业型和城镇型3种类型河流。官坝河等3条自然型河流水质优良,而高仓河等8条城镇型和农业型河流(R4~R11)水质较差,污染物浓度超标严重。2011—2021年,邛海主要入湖河流(官坝河、鹅掌河、小青河)的营养盐浓度呈下降或先增加后下降趋势,水质逐渐改善。流域土地利用变化是导致邛海入湖河流水质空间异质性的主要因素,同时也是河流水质在2011—2021年改善的原因之一。受湖泊水文环境与入湖河流污染类型影响,2017—2021年邛海湖区水环境及其与河流水质响应关系差异性明显:高枧湾水域(L5)水深浅、水环境容量小,主要受纳城镇污水,因而湖区营养盐与叶绿素a浓度高,在2021年达富营养状态;官坝河、鹅掌河与小青河入湖影响区(L1~L3)与小渔村(L4)水域湖水深、水环境容量大,污染物浓度与营养状态指数低,但因汇入的河流污染类型不同,湖区营养水平与河流水质响应存在季节性...  相似文献   

8.
以重庆主城区6条次级河流为研究区域,运用遥感和地理信息系统计算研究区土地利用构成,借助相关性分析和冗余分析等数理统计手段,分析监测断面汇水区内不同尺度土地利用结构与水质指标间的相关关系.结果表明:研究区土地利用结构以建设用地和林地为主,未利用地和农业用地所占面积比例较少;研究区土地利用结构对各水质指标有重要影响,其中建设用地和农业用地对河流水质恶化具有明显的作用,河流沿岸林地布局能显著改善水质,但随着雨季的到来林地将成为硝态氮的来源.冗余分析进一步证实土地利用类型对水环境有一定影响.研究成果对重庆市河流水环境管理具有重要的实际指导意义,并可为山地城市河流水环境研究提供借鉴.  相似文献   

9.
1974-2017年洪湖湿地自然保护区景观格局演变及驱动力分析   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
利用Landsat系列遥感影像数据(1974、1979、1984、1990、1996、2001、2006、2009、2014和2017年)解译得到的土地利用/土地覆盖变化(LUCC)结合研究区44年的气温、降水量、水位等气象水文数据,构建LUCC经验统计模型和计算景观格局指数,探讨1974-2017年洪湖国家级自然保护区景观格局变化的主要驱动因素.研究结果表明:土地利用强度指数由1974年的207增加到2017年的249.36,人类开发利用湖滨带的程度增强,到2017年约有30%的自然湿地转化为坑塘、农田和滩地及建设用地.不同地表覆盖类型的景观格局指数均发生了较大变化,2000年以后湖滨带逐渐形成了以养殖为主的低矮围景观.总体上景观趋于破碎化、连通性降低、稳定性变弱.洪湖湿地自然保护区土地利用强度指数与景观格局综合指数呈较显著的正相关,两者的相关系数为0.84,土地利用强度增加则景观更加破碎、斑块之间的连接程度减弱、区域的景观聚集度下降和景观异质性增加.总体而言,洪湖湿地自然保护区受人为干扰影响明显,开展封湖育草自然恢复与建立植被恢复示范区相结合,构建自湖滨至湖心的梯度变化完整的湿生植被-挺水植被-漂浮植被-浮叶植被-沉水植被的水生植物群落,退耕还草、退垸还湖、修复湖滨带植被,大幅度提高洪湖的自净能力,增加其水生植物多样性,实现湿地的有效修复,改善其结构和功能,维系洪湖湿地生态系统的平衡.  相似文献   

10.
王沛芳  王超 《湖泊科学》2003,15(Z1):261-265
分析了山溪性城市河流水环境特征及其存在的问题,提出了水安全、水环境、水景观、水文化和水经济五位一体的综合整治模式,并阐明了其综合整治的具体内容.最后以丽水市内河水环境建设工程为例,详细介绍了山溪性城市河流的防洪排涝、供水、生态用水及水质安全的保障系统、水环境保护方案、水景观和水文化建设体系及水经济开发方案,为山溪性城市水环境的综合整治提供了借鉴.  相似文献   

11.
Lake‐water quality is highly dependent on the landscape characteristics in its respective watershed. In this study, we investigated the relationships between lake‐water quality and landscape composition and configuration within the watershed in the Yangtze River basin of China. Water quality variables, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), Secchi depth (SD), NO2?, NO3?, NH4+, TN, TP, chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a), and trophic state index (TSI), were collected from 16 lakes during the period of 2001–2003. Landscape composition (i.e. the percentage of vegetation, agriculture, water, urban, and bare land) and landscape configuration metrics, including number of patches (NP), patch density (PD), largest patch index (LPI), edge density (ED), mean patch area (MPA), mean shape index (MSI), contagion (CONTAG), patch cohesion index (COHESION), Shannon's diversity index (SHDI), and aggregation index (AI), were calculated for each lake's watershed. Results revealed that the percentage of agriculture was negatively related to NO2?, TN, TP, Chl‐a concentrations, and TSI, while the percentage of urban was significantly correlated with EC, NH4+, and CODMn concentrations. Among landscape‐level configuration metrics, only ED showed significant relationships with TN, TP concentrations, and TSI. However, at the class level, the PD, LPI, ED, and AI of agriculture and urban land uses were significantly correlated with two or more water quality variables. This study suggests that, for a given total area, large and clustered agricultural or urban patches in the watershed may have a greater impact on lake‐water quality than small and scattered ones. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(5):540-549
Land use is an important factor influencing soil erosion and sediment yield (SESY). Regressing soil erosion intensity (SEI) and sediment yield (SY) to land use characteristics can provide necessary information for controlling soil loss. However, current simple regression methods emphasize cross sectional parameters, with less emphasis on temporal variability of relevant land use parameters so that the derived effects of land use change on SESY can be biased. Here, a panel data method was applied to quantify the impact of land use change on SESY in 1954, 1975, and 2015, based on the WaTEM/SEDEM model and seven landscape metrics for 25 reservoir catchments in northeastern China. The results indicate that SEI and area-specific SY (SSY) continuously decreased from 1954 to 2015, which were significantly correlated with landscape metrics such as area-edge metrics of mean patch area (AREA_MN), shape index of the mean related circumscribing circle (CIRCLE_MN), aggregation index of effective mesh size (MESH), patch cohesion index (COHESION), and diversity metrics such as Shannon's diversity index (SHDI), patch richness density (PRD), and modified Simpson's evenness index (MSIEI). The results suggested that catchment SESY can be reduced through decreasing mean patch area, patch mesh size, and physical connectivity of patches, enriching landscape types, and elongating land use patches. These findings are helpful to effectively implement soil conservation measures in northeastern China and similar regions worldwide. The current study also implies that the panel data approach will have beneficial potential applications in earth-science research fields.  相似文献   

13.
郑达燕  刘睿  张柳柳  郑财贵  张静 《湖泊科学》2023,35(4):1343-1358
三峡库区拥有目前世界上规模最大的水利枢纽工程,自投入使用以来,为长江流域提供了丰富的水源及电力,促进了经济的发展,但同时也对该区域的生态环境造成了严重的冲击。澎溪河流域作为三峡库区长江流域干流的典型回水区和消落带,是众多学者研究三峡库区生态环境变化的重点区域。为探究不同时空尺度下土地利用对河流溶解性有机质(DOM)的影响,以澎溪河流域为研究对象,基于紫外-可见光谱分析和三维荧光光谱矩阵-平行因子分析,结合河段缓冲区、河岸带缓冲区及子流域3种空间尺度的二级土地利用类型,解析了旱雨季水体DOM的组成及来源特征,并采用相关分析和冗余分析方法探讨了3种空间尺度下土地利用方式对旱雨季水体DOM的多时空尺度影响。结果表明:(1)旱季水体DOM荧光组分以陆源类腐殖质所占比例更大,雨季水体DOM荧光组分以富里酸贡献为主。(2)流域内陆源输入和内源产生对水体DOM丰度均有贡献,雨季较旱季水体DOM的陆源性更强,自生源特征较弱。(3)土地利用在雨季和子流域尺度下对水体DOM的影响更显著,其中,雨季子流域尺度下,土地利用指数对水体DOM参数的解释率为90.35%。(4)不同土地利用方式对水体DOM产生的影响...  相似文献   

14.
The influence of land use patterns on water quality in a river system is scale‐dependent. In this study, a four‐order hierarchical arrangement method was used to select water sampling sites and to delineate sub‐basins in the Daliao River Basin, China. The 20 sub‐basins were classified into four spatial scales that represented four different stream orders. Pearson correlation analysis was used to quantify relationships between land use composition and the river's physical‐chemical variables for all samples collected. This analysis showed that the presence of forest cover was associated with higher water quality at the scale of the whole basin. The scale effects of land use patterns on water quality were then examined using stepwise multiple regression analysis that compared different land use types with water quality variables. The results from this analysis showed that urban areas, as opposed to forest areas, became the most significant contributors of water pollutants when scale effects were considered. The influence of urban land cover on water pollution was significantly higher at larger scales. The lack of a significant regression correlation for the forest land use type at smaller scales revealed that forest located upstream of the Daliao River Basin did not provide a buffer for improved water quality. Further analysis showed that this result could be because of disproportionate spatial distributions for forest and urban land use types. The topographic characteristics of sub‐basins, such as average slope (S) and size (A), were determined to be secondary explanatory variables that affected land use impacts on stream water quality. Areas with steep slopes were associated with increased water oxygenation, whereas areas with flatter slopes were associated with higher concentrations of pollutants. These results are significant because they can provide a better understanding of the appropriate spatial scale required for effective river basin management in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
Quantitative assessment of water quality and its spatial variation identification, as well as the discernment of primary factors affecting water quality are in its urgent in water environment management. In this study, four key water quality indicators,namely, ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N), permanganate index(COD_(Mn)), total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN) at 71 sampling sites were selected to evaluate water quality and its spatial variation identification. More concerns were emphasized on the anthropogenic factors(land use pattern) and natural factors(river density, elevation and precipitation) to quantify the overall water quality variations at different spatial scales. Results showed that the Yi-Shu-Si River sub-basin had a better water quality status than the Huai River sub-basin. The moderate polluted area nearly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Shaying River and Guo River. The high cluster centers which were surrounded with COD_(Mn), NH_4~+-N, TN and TP mainly also distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Shaying River and Guo River. Redundancy analysis showed that the 200 m buffer area acted as the most sensitive area, which was easily subjected to pollution. The precipitation was identified as the most important variables among all the studied hydrological units, followed by farmland, urban land or elevation. The point source pollution was still existed although the non-point source pollution was also identified. The urban surface runoff pollution was severer than farmland fertilizer loss at the sub-basin scale in flood season, while the farmland showed "small-scale" effects for explaining overall water quality variations. This research is helpful for identifying the overall water quality variations from the scale-process interactions and providing a scientific basis for pollution control and decision making for the Huai River Basin.  相似文献   

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