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1.
小冰期弱化学风化的湖泊沉积记录 总被引：38，自引：3，他引：38
封闭湖泊沉积物的低Sr含量、低磁化率和高Rb/Sr比记录了单一湖泊流域在以冷干为特征的小冰期气候环境下经历的弱化学风化过程. 由于Rb, Sr在表生环境下不同的地球化学行为, 内陆湖泊沉积物中Rb/Sr比值是沉积记录中具有明确气候意义的有效指标. 与热带气候和现代温湿环境下化学风化受降水控制不同, 湖泊沉积岩芯的磁化率、Sr含量与冰芯δ18O一致的变化趋势揭示了小冰期最盛期极弱的化学风化过程是受气温控制的. 而随着气温的升高, 化学风化强度逐渐受降水的制约. 相似文献
2.
XRF岩芯扫描分析方法在海洋和湖泊沉积环境变化方面的应用研究,已取得了显著的成果.然而,目前其应用还没有广泛拓展到洞穴石笋的研究中.在本文中,我们利用最先进的第四代Avaatech高分辨率XRF岩芯扫描仪测试了3根石笋(2根文石石笋, 1根方解石石笋)的Sr元素以及Sr/Ca比值.通过不同扫描路径之间和不同扫描分辨率之间的对比,以及与ICP-OES、Itrax XRF和Artax XRF结果的对比,证实了Avaatech XRF岩芯扫描仪可以准确、快速、无损地进行石笋高分辨率Sr元素的测试.此外,我们还结合石笋氧同位素记录,尝试解释了所测石笋Sr/Ca的古气候意义. 相似文献
3.
岱海的"中世纪暖期" 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
内蒙古岱海沉积物近2200a来Rb/Sr比值、CaCO3和有机碳含量的变化展现了包括中世纪暖期（MWP）及小冰期（LIA）等典型气候事件在内的环境演化过程，总体表现为暖期的沉积物Rb/Sr比值低，冷期的则高：CaCO3和有机碳含量则相反。这里，以单一流域化学风化记录表明我国北方存在明显的中世纪暖期，发生时间约900－1200aB.P..主要环境特征表现为流域化学风化的显著增强（低Rb/Sr比值）、生物生产力逐步提高（高有机碳）、湖泊水位大幅度抬升的湖泊沉积记录，其间经历的化学风化是近两千年内最强的，并且其发生时间与全球其他地区基本一致。 相似文献
4.
花岗岩化学风化过程中的Sr同位素演化——矿物相对风化速率的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
对江西南部黑云母花岗岩和花岗斑岩风化剖面中Sr同位素体系的研究结果显示,花岗岩化学风化过程中,Rb,Sr之间发生明显分异,风化早期释放出的Sr/Si,Sr/Ca比值大于母岩值,Sr的淋失速率大于Si,Ca,K,Rb等营养离子.主要含Sr(和Rb)矿物相对风化速率的动态变化,导致花岗岩风化壳及其释放出Sr的87Sr/86Sr比值随时间波动变化黑云母、斜长石和钾长石的先后风化,导致风化残余物的87Sr/86Sr比值历经下降-升高-下降的波动变化,最终趋于稳定.这进一步说明,当用锶同位素示踪流域和全球范围的生物地球化学过程时,必须慎重考虑Sr从溶解固相中的优先释放以及含Sr矿物相对风化速率的变化导致的87Sr/86Sr比值的波动. 相似文献
5.
最近800ka洛川黄土剖面中Rb/Sr分布和古季风变迁 总被引：63，自引：4，他引：59
对洛川剖面中Rb和Sr分布规律的研究表明不同时代的黄土和古土壤中Rb和Sr分布特征存在明显差别 ,按Rb/Sr比值可以清晰地区别出剖面中的黄土层和古土壤层 ;在风化成壤过程中Rb是稳定组分 ,Sr是活动性组分 ,Rb/Sr比值的变化反映了风化成壤作用的强度 ,因而实际上记录了夏季风环流强度的大小 ;剖面中最近 80 0kaRb/Sr比值时间序列与SPECMAP十分吻合 ,揭示了全球冰量大小可能是控制夏季风环流强度变化的主要动力学因素 . 相似文献
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稀土元素在湖相沉积中的地球化学分异——以柴达木盆地贝壳堤剖面为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖贝壳堤剖面沉积物中酸溶与残留（或酸不溶）组分稀土元素及其相关指标、分布模式和（La/Yb）n-REE物源差异的分析,讨论了古湖相沉积中稀土元素的分异及其与沉积环境之间的关系.分析结果表明剖面典型湖相沉积物中稀土元素在酸溶与残留组分中总丰度平均分别为20.9和95.4μg·g-1（不包括Y）,即酸溶组分中稀土总量仅为残留组分中稀土总量的21.9%,存在明显分异;两种组分的稀土分布模式均为轻稀土适度富集缓右倾斜型、Eu呈负异常模式,但不同之处在于残留组分表现为更加富集轻稀土成分;两种组分中不同稀土元素及其相关参数之间不存在明显相关性,这些均反映了湖相沉积不同的物质来源和地球化学行为;此外,稀土元素与沉积物细粒组分、Rb/Sr及Mn元素含量之间存在较好的相关性.酸溶组分与残留组分中稀土元素元素对环境响应存在一定差异,其中,酸溶组分中稀土元素对湖区古气候变化具有良好的指示作用;δCe和（La/Yb）n可以很好的指示湖泊及流域的风化强度、氧化-还原状态和气候变化情况,据此重建了距今43.5～22.4ka高湖面期间古气候与环境演变历史. 相似文献
10.
若尔盖RM孔揭示的青藏高原900kaBP以来的隆升与环境变化 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
通过对青藏高原迄今为止最深的全取芯井,即若尔盖盆地RM孔湖泊沉积物环境多代用指标的综合判识,重建了900kaBP以来盆地的古气候古环境演化序列.根据该孔的沉积特征、沉积旋回的结构,以及沉积速率的变化,结合环境冷暖、干湿的组合特点,分辨出900kaBP以来高原东部3次明显的隆升加速时期,也即800,360及160kaBP.同时对青藏高原3次构造加速抬升在全球变化背景下的环境效应作了初步探讨. 相似文献
11.
D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
12.
The developed dynamic model of the main geomagnetic field (MGF) includes the sources of three levels, which have existed and continuously changed during the 100-year period. The spatial-temporal dynamics of the secular variations in MGF has been considered based on this model. It has been indicated that, at different times, the formation of anomalies (located in similar regions) depended on the total dynamics of different combinations of sources, including a change in the parameters of the dipoles of the secondorder smallness. Anomalies generated by the dynamics of the dipoles of the third-order smallness do not evidently manifest themselves in the total secular variations but are responsible for the specific shapes of isodynamic lines. Based on the stability and continuity of the constructed model, the conclusion is made that long-living turbulent flows of different scales can exist in the liquid core. 相似文献
13.
Yu. F. Moroz T. A. Moroz V. A. Loginov A. G. Nurmukhamedov D. A. Alekseev 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2016,52(1):29-44
The results of the magnetotelluric (MT) soundings before and after an earthquake are analyzed. The interpretation is based on the longitudinal and transverse MT curves (along and across the strike of the main tectonic elements, respectively). The MT curves are distorted by the ρ- and coast effect. The distortions due to the coast effect are estimated by the testing three-dimensional (3D) model. It is established that the coast effect distortion at the periods up to 1000 s is small and can be disregarded. The divergence of the longitudinal and transverse MT curves, which points to the presence of the deep faults, is thoroughly studied. The inversion of the MTsounding curves is carried out by the REBOCC program of the numerical two-dimensional modeling. This program implements the procedures of elimination of the ρ-effect and the joint inversion of the longitudinal and transverse MT sounding curves. The obtained geoelectrical cross sections provide an insight into the structure of electrical conductivity of the lithosphere before and after the earthquake. The more intense variations in the electric conductivity are observed in the zone of the deep faults. These variations are related to the changes in the porosity and saturation of the rocks by the highly mineralized fluids. 相似文献
14.
M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
15.
George E. Backus 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1982,28(3):191-214
A rigorous singular perturbation theory is developed to estimate the electric field E produced in the mantle M by the core dynamo when the electrical conductivity σ in M depends only on radius r, and when |r?rln σ| ? 1 in most of M. It is assumed that σ has only one local minimum in M, either (a) at the Earth's surface ?V, or (b) at a radius b inside the mantle, or (c) at the core-mantle boundary ?K. In all three cases, the region where σ is no more than e times its minimum value constitutes a thin critical layer; in case (a), the radial electric field Er ≈ 0 there, while in cases (b) and (c), Er is very large there. Outside the critical layer, Er ≈ 0 in all three cases. In no case is the tangential electric field ES small, nearly toroidal, or nearly calculable from the magnetic vector potential A as ??tAS. The defects in Muth's (1979) argument which led him to contrary conclusions are identified. Benton (1979) cited Muth's work to argue that the core-fluid velocity u just below ?K can be estimated from measurements on ?V of the magnetic field B and its time derivative . A simple model for westward drift is discussed which shows that Benton's conclusion is also wrong.In case (a), it is shown that knowledge of σ in M is unnecessary for estimating ES on ?K with a relative error |r?r 1nσ|?1from measurements of ES on ?V and knowledge of ?tB in M (calculable from ?tB on ?V if σ is small). Then, in case (a), u just below ?K can be estimated as . The method is impractical unless the contribution to ES on ?V from ocean currents can be removed.The perturbation theory appropriate when σ in M is small is considered briefly; smallness of σ and of |r?r ln σ|?1 a independent questions. It is found that as σ → 0, B approaches the vacuum field in M but E does not; the explanation lies in the hydromagnetic approximation, which is certainly valid in M but fails as σ → 0. It is also found that the singular perturbation theory for |r?r ln σ|?1 is a useful tool in the perturbation calculations for σ when both σ and |r?r ln σ|?1 are small. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
17.
The continuous increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is expected to cool higher levels of the atmosphere. There is some direct and indirect experimental evidence of long-term trends in temperature and other parameters in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Here we look for long-term trends in the annual and semiannual variations of the radio wave absorption in the lower ionosphere, which corresponds to the MLT region heights. Data from central and southeastern Europe are used. A consistent tendency to a positive trend in the amplitude of the semiannual wave appears to be observed. The reality of a similar tendency in the amplitude of the annual wave is questionable in the sense that the trend in the amplitude of the annual wave is probably induced by the trend in the yearly average values of absorption. The phases of both the annual and semiannual waves display a forward tendency, i.e. shift to an earlier time in the year. A tentative interpretation of these results in terms of changes of the seasonal variation of temperature and wind at MLT heights does not contradict the trends observed in those parameters. 相似文献
18.
Variations in the Caspian Sea Level in the Historic Epoch 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reconstruction of variations in the Caspian Sea level is proposed based on the results of investigations of deposits in the Agrakhan sand bar and bays (or former bays) of the eastern sea coast. The history of sedimentation in particular regions is reconstructed by the radiocarbon dating. Generalized data on the age of deposits are used to construct the most likely temporal course of variations in the sea level within the historic epoch. 相似文献
19.
Site response in the Qionghai Basin in the Wenchuan earthquake 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Amplification effects of soil site response can significantly impact ground motions, and must be considered in the seismic fortification of buildings/structures to prevent or mitigate this potential seismic hazard. Utilizing acceleration time histories from the main shock of the Wenchuan earthquake recorded at four stations (i.e., one on bedrock and three on soil) in the Qionghai Basin, the site responses from three soil sites are studied by using the traditional spectral ratio method. The bedrock site is selected as a reference site. This study found that peak ground accelerations (PGAs) on the soil sites are much larger than on bedrock, with EW, NS and UD components of 3.96–6.58, 6.27–10.98, and 3.17–6.66 times those of the bedrock site, respectively. The amplification effects of the soil sites on ground motions in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz are significant, depending on the thickness of the soil layer and the frequency content of the site. A significant amplification occurs with high frequency components of ground motion at shallow soil sites, and low and high frequency components of ground motion at intermediate soil sites. 相似文献
20.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the... 相似文献