共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
基于Sato单次散射模型,利用轮台地震台单台记录,计算并分析2016年1月14日新疆轮台MS5.3地震及余震序列尾波Qc值震后变化,拟合得出Qc值随频率的变化关系为Qc (f) =（18.0±3.19）f1.184±0.072。结果表明,Qc值在序列初期起伏较大,随着强震后能量的释放,Qc值趋于平缓;低频段的Qc值在较大余震发生前有显著变化;不同中心频率点的Qc值变化形态不一致。对Qc值变化特征的研究,可为地震预报提供参考依据。 相似文献
3.
本文通过对1960年以来全球磁纬度40°N至50°N内测高仪台站的观测数据进行研究，提取了电离层F2层临界频率（foF2）的潮汐，揭示了其变化特征及可能的形成原因.研究发现，周日和半日的迁移潮汐分量（即DW1和SW2）强度最大，并且显示出明显的年变化和半年变化.周日潮汐的3波分量（即DE3）作为典型的非迁移潮汐分量，相对较弱，显示出微弱的半年变化.在冬季，DW1和SW2与太阳活动指数（F107）呈现正相关性，其相关系数分别大于0.88和0.65.相反，在夏季，DW1和SW2与太阳活动指数呈现负相关性，特别是SW2，其相关系数在6月份达到-0.72.在相对于纬向均值的归一化处理之后，上述潮汐强度和太阳活动指数之间的正/负相关性被显著增强/削弱.其中，归一化后的夏季DW1和SW2与太阳活动指数的相关系数达到-0.8.更加深入的讨论显示出上传的大气潮汐波动可能是电离层潮汐除了太阳辐射之外的重要驱动源，并且这种驱动机制在SW2中更加强烈. 相似文献
4.
选取中原地区1970—2020年发生的983次ML≥3.0地震,按季度、半年和全年统计地震频次,回溯检验各时段ML≥3.0地震高频次异常与周边地区ML 4.5地震的对应关系,得到以下结果：按照季度、半年和全年统计,3级地震高频次异常定量指标分别为5次、9次和18次,高频异常后1年内发生ML≥4.5地震的概率分别为0.65、0.63和0.64,且R值计算结果表明,使用该方法预测地震具有一定可信度。将研究区以不同形式划分多种小区,进行3级地震高频次与ML≥4.5地震震中空间相关性研究,发现在19次震例中,18次震例均可预估ML≥4.5地震的发震区域,认为预测范围可由42平方度减小到21平方度,在少震弱震地区地震预测预报日常工作中,具有一定实用价值。 相似文献
5.
以宁蒗县1988年MS 5.5、2012年MS 5.7以及2022年MS 5.5地震为研究对象,以宁蒗地震灾区当年相关震害统计资料为基础,从人员伤亡、房屋破坏、经济损失3个主要方面,对3次地震震害特征进行对比分析。结果表明： 2012年MS 5.7地震造成的人员伤亡最为严重,此外震区房屋结构不断丰富,抗震性能不断增强,但土木结构房屋抗震性能较差,震灾经济损失逐渐减小,但民房经济损失占比逐年升高。根据分析以上结果提出“提高民众防震减灾意识,增强房屋抗震性能,积极响应政策号召”等建议和措施,为灾后重建以及城市规划发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
6.
2012年9月7日云南昭通彝良发生了Ms5.和、Ms5.6级两次地震，此次地震引发了极其严重的滑坡和崩塌等地震地质灾害，同时地震波放大效应还引起高烈度异常区。利用彝良地震烈度圈内6个台站记录到的主震加速度时程，通过截取S波窗，采用标准谱比法和水平垂直谱比法研究其场地地震动反应。结果表明:两种方法能给出较为一致的谱比曲线和卓越频率，但场地反应数值差异较大，标准谱比法的结果受到参考台站自身场地反应的影响；靖安台的软弱土层对地震动的放大作用较为显著，是造成烈度异常的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
2021年5月21日云南漾濞县发生M_S6.4地震、5月22日青海玛多县发生M_S7.4地震,分别分析漾濞震中500 km内12个地电场台数据、玛多震中500 km内8个地电场台数据,获知:(1)漾濞地震周围罗茨等8台优势方位角在震前出现了异常变化,弥渡等4台看不出明显异常变化;盐源等7台相关系数在震前2～6个月出现了大幅度下降,元谋、苴林等5台相关系数看不出明显异常变化。(2)玛多地震周围门源等4台方位角在震前出现了异常变化,都兰等4台方位角看不出明显异常变化;门源等5台在玛多地震前2～6个月相关系数出现了大幅下降、变化范围明显变窄等现象,都兰、白水河、金银滩等3台优势方位角和相关系数都看不出明显异常变化。(3)两次地震分析中地电场优势方位角和相关系数异常变化在时间上皆具有同步或准同步性。 相似文献
8.
利用相对功率谱方法对风云卫星热红外亮温数据进行处理, 发现理塘MS5.1和杂多MS6.2地震前存在明显的前兆异常。 异常时空演化特征为2016年8月12日在嘉黎—察隅断裂带、 怒江断裂带和澜沧江断裂带开始出现亮温功率谱高值聚集现象, 随后幅值和面积逐渐增大, 持续至9月1日异常面积和幅度达到最大值, 然后逐渐减弱, 2016年9月21日后基本恢复正常, 异常持续近40天。 异常结束后, 分别于9月23日和10月17日在异常区域内发生理塘MS5.1和杂多MS6.2地震。 两次地震震中区域平均相对功率谱值时序曲线与异常区域时间演化过程类似, 地震发生在平均相对功率谱值恢复正常背景值之后。 相似文献
9.
本文利用区域地震初至波到时数据，通过地震层析成像研究获得了东北日本俯冲带上地幔（深至约150 km）的P波速度（VP）、S波速度（VS）、VP/VS和P波各向异性结构.结果表明，低速及高VP/VS比异常体主要分布在火山下方的下地壳和地幔楔中，其与低频地震的分布吻合，该区域与俯冲板块脱水所释放的流体及其导致的部分熔融密切相关；俯冲的太平洋板块内可能由于脱水脆化导致的双层地震带区域则没有表现出整体的高VP/VS值，其可能与俯冲板块内部含水矿物含量有关；俯冲板块内双重地震带区域及上覆地幔楔薄层主要表现为与海沟平行的方位各向异性和正的径向各向异性，其可能是由于含水矿物的脱水使橄榄石晶格结构发生了从A型到B型的变化所引起的.我们研究表明，结合地震波速度和各向异性结构能够加深对俯冲带内水运移过程的认识. 相似文献
10.
中国大陆及邻近地区Lg尾波的Q值分布 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
10个中国数字地震台网(CDSN)台站和5个全球地震台网(GSN)台站所记录的785个浅源地震的宽带垂直分量, 被用来研究中国大陆及邻近地区Lg尾波的衰减特性. 首先运用叠加谱比法对各记录进行处理, 得到与各路径相对应的椭圆内Lg尾波的Q0 (1 Hz处的Q值)和频率相关因子η的平均值. 进一步应用反投影技术, 得到Lg尾波的Q0值和η值的成像图及其误差分布. 结果表明, 在所研究的范围内, Q0在200~500的范围内变化. 最低的Q0发生在滇藏地区; 最高的Q0发生在西伯利亚地台的南端. η值的变化范围在0.3~0.8之间. 对于所研究的大部分地区, η值呈现出与Q0值的反向变化关系. 相似文献
11.
Hakan Alcik Oguz Ozel Yih-Min Wu Nurcan M. Ozel Mustafa Erdik 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
Two recent catastrophic earthquakes that struck the Marmara Region on 17 August 1999 (Mw=7.4) and 12 November 1999 (Mw=7.2) caused major concern about future earthquake occurrences in Istanbul and the Marmara Region. As a result of the preparations for an expected earthquake may occur around Istanbul region, an earthquake early warning system has been established in 2002 with a simple and robust algorithm, based on the exceedance of specified thresholds of time domain amplitudes and the cumulative absolute velocity (CAV) levels (Erdik et al., 2003 [1]). In order to improve the capability of Istanbul earthquake early warning system (IEEWS) for giving early warning of a damaging earthquake in the Marmara Region, we explored an alternative approach with the use of a period parameter (τc) and a high-pass filtered vertical displacement amplitude parameter (Pd) from the initial 3 s of the P waveforms as proposed by Kanamori (2005) [2] and Wu and Kanamori (2005) 3 and 4. The empirical relationships both between τc and moment magnitude (Mw), and between Pd and peak ground velocity (PGV) for the Marmara Region are presented. These relationships can be used to detect a damaging earthquake within seconds after the arrival of P waves, and can provide on-site warning in the Marmara Region. 相似文献
12.
Earthquake early warning system (EEWS) is one of the effective ways to mitigate earthquake damage and can provide few seconds to tens of seconds of advanced warning time of impending ground motions, allowing for mitigation measures to be taken in the short term. After the devastating Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, hundreds of M4-6 earthquakes occurred with depth range of 2–24 km. We explore a practical approach to earthquake early warning in Wenchuan area by determining a ground-motion period parameter τc and a high-pass filtered vertical displacement amplitude parameter Pd from the initial 3 s of the P waveforms of these aftershocks with M≥4.0. The empirical relationships both between τc and M, and between Pd and peak ground velocity PGV for the Wenchuan area are presented. The τc result shows that it is systematically greater for slow earthquakes, leading to a possible false alarm. The moment rate function is used to handle the fact that the Pd parameter alone miss the M=8.0 mainshock. These two relationships can be used to detect the occurrence of a major earthquake and provide onsite warning in the area around the station where onset of strong ground motions is expected within seconds after the arrival of the P wave. The robustness of onsite early warning can be increased by using multistation data when the station density is high or by combing τc and Pd as a single indicator. 相似文献
13.
A new prototype system for earthquake early warning in Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nai-Chi Hsiao Yih-Min Wu Li Zhao Da-Yi Chen Wei-Ting Huang Kuan-Hung Kuo Tzay-Chyn Shin Peih-Lin Leu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
A new prototype earthquake early warning (EEW) system is being developed and tested using a real-time seismographic network currently in operation in Taiwan. This system is based on the Earthworm environment which carries out integrated analysis of real-time broadband, strong-motion and short-period signals. The peak amplitude of displacement in the three seconds after the P arrival, dubbed Pd, is used for the magnitude determination. Incoming signals are processed in real time. When a large earthquake occurs, P-wave arrival times and Pd will be estimated for location and magnitude determinations for EEW purpose. In a test of 54 felt earthquakes, this system can report earthquake information in 18.8±4.1 s after the earthquake occurrence with an average difference in epicenter locations of 6.3±5.7 km, and an average difference in depths of 7.9±6.6 km from catalogues. The magnitudes approach a 1:1 relationship to the reported magnitudes with a standard deviation of 0.51. Therefore, this system can provide early warning before the arrival of S-wave for metropolitan areas located 70 km away from the epicenter. This new system is still under development and being improved, with the hope of replacing the current operational EEW system in the future. 相似文献
14.
Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems are one of the most effective ways to reduce earthquake disaster. Earthquake magnitude estimation is one of the most important and also the most difficult parts of the entire EEW system. In this paper, based on 142 earthquake events and 253 seismic records that were recorded by the KiK-net in Japan, and aftershocks of the large Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, we obtained earthquake magnitude estimation relationships using the τ c and P d methods. The standard variances of magnitude calculation of these two formulas are ±0.65 and ±0.56, respectively. The P d value can also be used to estimate the peak ground motion of velocity, then warning information can be released to the public rapidly, according to the estimation results. In order to insure the stability and reliability of magnitude estimation results, we propose a compatibility test according to the natures of these two parameters. The reliability of the early warning information is significantly improved though this test. 相似文献
15.
Vertical profiles of the critical erosion threshold (τcrit) in sediment have been measured at 11 stations along the axis of the Tamar Estuary and at a single station in a tributary of the Tamar at St. John's Ford. The τcrit of surface sediment increased from 0.04 Pa in the upper, brackish estuary to 0.09 Pa in the lower estuary. In the upper estuary τcrit only increased slightly with depth whereas in the marine estuary τcrit increased rapidly from 0.09 Pa at the surface to 0.25 Pa at 15 cm below the sediment surface. The results showed that the relationship between τcrit and bulk density (ρb) obtained previously for surface sediment was also applicable to sediments from depths of 10–15 cm and probably deeper. Profiles of ρb were measured to depths of 70 cm using a corer. In the lower (marine) estuary ρb increased with depth in the sediment from 1580 kg m−3 at the surface to 1720 kg m−3 at 70 cm. In the upper estuary ρb values were lower at 1170–1200 kg m−3 and profiles were almost homogeneous indicating that consolidation was not occurring. The mid-estuary was transitional between these two situations. These results are consistent with the seasonal accumulation and loss of ‘mobile’ sediment observed previously in the upper estuary with changes in river flow, and with the apparent stability of intertidal mud in the lower marine estuary deduced from historical bathymetric survey records. The slopes of the intertidal mud banks ranged from 1–2% in the lower estuary to 20–25% in mid-estuary but, instead of continuing to increase in steepness towards the head as the estuary became narrower, the measured slopes actually decreased. It is speculated that the lack of consolidation through continual mobilisation and settlement cycles combined with an increase in silt content in the upper estuary resulted in sediment that lacked the mechanical strength to maintain steep slopes. 相似文献
16.
We propose a method that employs the squared displacement integral (ID2) to estimate earthquake magnitudes in real time for use in earthquake early warning (EEW) systems. Moreover, using τ c and P d for comparison, we establish formulas for estimating the moment magnitudes of these three parameters based on the selected aftershocks (4.0 ≤ M s ≤ 6.5) of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In this comparison, the proposed ID2 method displays the highest accuracy. Furthermore, we investigate the applicability of the initial parameters to large earthquakes by estimating the magnitude of the Wenchuan M s 8.0 mainshock using a 3-s time window. Although these three parameters all display problems with saturation, the proposed ID2 parameter is relatively accurate. The evolutionary estimation of ID2 as a function of the time window shows that the estimation equation established with ID2 Ref determined from the first 8-s of P wave data can be directly applicable to predicate the magnitudes of 8.0. Therefore, the proposed ID2 parameter provides a robust estimator of earthquake moment magnitudes and can be used for EEW purposes. 相似文献
17.
The nodal modulation of the diurnal (K1 and O1) and semi-diurnal (M2 and K2) tidal constituents at the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic is estimated and its spatial variability mapped. Fourteen hourly tide gauge records each spanning more than 18 years are considered in this analysis. Ten tide gauges are located in the Mediterranean Sea and four in the Bay of Biscay. The nodal modulation of the most energetic tidal constituent (M2) reaches up to 5 cm at the eastern Atlantic coasts, while within the Mediterranean Sea its modulation is in general less than 1.1 cm. The largest K2 nodal modulation found is 3.7 cm in the eastern Atlantic coasts. In the Mediterranean Sea, smaller modulation amplitudes, ranging between 0.4 and 1.4 cm are found. The K1 tide constituent has the largest amplitude nodal modulation within the Mediterranean Sea of 1.9 cm in the north Adriatic Sea, which is also larger than the modulation of this constituent at the eastern Atlantic coasts. The O1 tide constituent has the highest amplitude nodal modulation (1.4 cm) at the eastern Atlantic coasts. In the Mediterranean Sea the maximum value is 1 cm in the north Adriatic Sea. 相似文献
18.
Niu Zhiren 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(5):645-661
A new estimate of the fracture parameters of earthquakes is provided in this paper. By theMuskhelishvili method (1953) a number of basic relations among fracture-mechanics parameters are derived. A scheme is proposed to evaluate the slip weakening parameters in terms of fault dimension, average slip, and rise time, and the new results are applied to 49 events compiled in the earthquake catalogue ofPurcaru andBerckhemer (1982). The following empirical relations are found in the paper: $$\begin{gathered} \frac{{\tau _B - \tau _f }}{{\tau _\infty - \tau _f }} = 2.339 \hfill \\ {{\omega _c } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\omega _c } {W = 0.113}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {W = 0.113}} \hfill \\ \log G_c \left( {{{dyne} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{dyne} {cm}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {cm}}} \right) = 2 \log L (km) + 6.167 \hfill \\ \log \delta _c (cm) = 2 \log L (km) - 1.652 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ whereG c is the specific fracture energy,ω c the size of the slip weakening zone,δ c the slip weakening displacement,τ B ?τ f the drop in strength in the slip weakening zone,τ ∞?τ f the stress drop,L the fault length, andW the fault width. The investigation of 49 shocks shows that the range of strength dropτ B ?τ f is from several doze to several hundred bars at depthh<400 km, but it can be more than 103 bars ath>500 km; besides, the range of the sizeω c of the strength degradation zone is from a few tenths of a kilometer to several dozen kilometers, and the range of the slip weakening displacementδ c is from several to several hundred centimeters. The specific fracture energyG c is of the order of 108 to 1011 erg cm?2 when the momentM 0 is of the order of 1023 to 1029 dyne cm. 相似文献
19.
Most of the present earthquake early warning systems are based on broadband or strong motion recordings. How-ever, the short-period instruments are still deployed. It is well-known that short-period recordings have saturation problems for large earthquakes when estimating the size of an earthquake. Thus, it is necessary to make clear the magnitude at which saturation starts to occur for the commonly used τc and Pd measurements, respectively. To investigate the possibility of using short-period seismic recordings for earthquake early warning, we conducted a simulated experiment using the strong motion data of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake sequence including its main shock and 31 aftershocks, with magnitude span from 4 to 7.6. The strong motion acceleration recordings were convolved with the instrument response of short-period seismographs in northern China to simulate short-period seismograms. Parameters τc and Pd from the first-three-second seismograms were calculated for the simulated short-period recordings and compared with that obtained by the original strong ground motion recordings. The result showed that to some extent, short-period recordings can be used for threshold earthquake early warning, while the magnitude saturation of Pd estimation can be up to 6.5, better than τc estimation. 相似文献
20.
Grid convergence in space and time of variable-density flow in fractured-porous rock is systematically assessed. Convergence of the flow simulation is attained using both uniform and adaptive time-stepping. This contrasts to variable-density flow in unfractured porous media where grid convergence variable-density flow problems is almost never achieved. At high discretization levels, the number of fingers in fractured-porous rock is no longer influenced by spatial-temporal grid discretization, which is not the case in unfractured porous media. However, similar to unfractured porous media, the number of fingers in fractured-porous media varies at low discretization levels. Simulated convective pattern and penetration depth of the dense plume in fractured rock depend more on spatial discretization than on temporal discretization. The appropriate spatial-temporal grid is then used to examine some aspects of mixed convection in fractured-porous rock, characterized by the mixed convection number M. The critical mixed convection number Mc = 46 represents the transition between forced and free convection in fractured porous media, which is much higher than Mc = 1 in unfractured porous media. Thus, for mixed convective flow problems, the value of Mc is not a sufficient indicator to predict the convective mode (free convection-forced convection), and the presence of vertical fractures must be included in the prediction of convective flow modes. 相似文献