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陆地可控震源发展综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在地球物理勘探中,地震信号的激发源分为爆炸震源和非爆炸震源两种.其中爆炸震源自20世纪20年代一直沿用至今,而非爆炸震源已由最初的落重式震源发展到今天的可控震源,成为较完善的机电一体化设备.本文介绍了可控震源的发展,并且根据我国地震勘探发展对电火花震源、夯击震源、电磁驱动可控震源、液压式可控震源以及精密可控主动震源进行了分析,发现适用于浅层高分辨率地震勘探的电磁驱动高频可控震源一直没有大规模的应用于野外地球勘探,吉林大学国家地球物理探测仪器工程技术研究中心对此开展了研究工作,自行设计研制出PHVS-500/1000型国内第一台电磁驱动的轻便高频可控震源.根据地震勘探仪器技术发展现状,以及当前地球物理勘探技术进步与市场的发展需求,展望了小吨位、经济型的电磁可控震源的发展方向. 相似文献
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在浅层地质工程应用中,缺乏一种可控、无损、高分辨率的探测工具,一种新型震源——电磁驱动式轻便高频可控震源．填补了空白,通过简单调制扫描频率．可控震源具有探测深度大、分辨率高,工作稳定、抗干扰、效率高等一系列优点。实际应用表明,该技术对应用采空区、溶洞探测等浅层工程勘察是可行的．探测效果良好,这拓宽了可控震源的应用领域。 相似文献
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由于自动控制、信号叠加等技术的不断发展,使得可控震源不断完善,成为我国地震勘探的重要手段之一.高精度组合式轻便小型可控震源是地震勘探中用于浅层地震勘探的一种高精度的激振设备,其组合安装模式适合于特殊复杂的野外环境,可以实现流动野外地震观测,能够产生高重复性,高精度的叠加信号,弥补了炸药震源在地表条件差及城市环保区无法施工的缺陷,在中浅层勘探中取得了较好的效果.发展适用于中浅层地震勘测的高精度轻便小型可控震源应用于地震野外勘探,也适应了当前技术及市场的需求.本文从工作原理、系统构成和结构特点等角度对高精度组合式轻便小型可控震源进行了初步的研究,并针对野外的数据验证其可靠性和实用性. 相似文献
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电磁驱动式可控震源在城市浅层地震勘探中所面临的最突出的困难是微弱的反射信号常常淹没在很强的背景噪声之中.为了提高地震记录的信噪比，可以利用多台可控震源阵列实施相位控制形成定向地震波束以增强地震波的能量.本文讨论这种相控阵震源的波束形成机制.引入了地震波场的边际能量密度的概念，利用地震波场的时间切片技术，对模型空间各个方向上的能量强度进行了定量分析.用有限差分法对相控阵震源Chirp信号扫描的地震响应进行了数值模拟.当定向地震波束的汇聚带与观测排列的空间范围相一致时，相控阵震源合成地震记录的能量强度要显著高于单个可控震源情形的能量强度，波形振幅的均匀性要明显优于常规组合激发震源情形波形振幅的均匀性. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田气层单砂体厚度薄，非均质性强，地层反射波能量和频率衰减严重，地震资料品质不稳定，资料分辨率较低．近年来当地推进生态环保工作，对以往的炸药震源作业模式存有疑虑，制约了本区的地震勘探进程．针对这些难点，本文从基于AVO分析的观测系统设计、基于低频可控震源的“两宽一高”采集技术、基于提高资料信噪比的组合接收技术等方面进行研究．运用模型正演、反射系数能量变化相对陡度、实际资料定性与定量分析，设计了可控震源施工观测系统方案．利用驱动幅度-频率曲线设计了低频信号，针对地震采集压制谐波干扰的方法进行了分析及试验．通过检波器组合试验分析，在信噪比相对低的地区采用检波器组合接收方式，能够提高地震资料的信噪比．采用可控震源高精度地震采集技术，获得了高密度、宽方位、高品质的地震资料． 相似文献
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常规的可控震源Chirp扫描信号的地震响应存在着相关信号旁瓣大、分辨率低的缺点;用二元伪随机编码信号作为可控震源的驱动信号,地震响应剖面中存在严重的相关噪声,降低了地震记录的信噪比.本文提出的可控震源匹配扫描方法,利用匹配伪随机序列偶调制正弦载波信号作为可控震源驱动信号进行扫描激发,得到两个匹配的原始地震记录,对两个匹配的原始地震记录分别解码后再进行叠加形成最终的综合解码地震剖面.地震数值模拟的结果表明,该方法基本不存在常规Chirp扫描情形的旁瓣效应,可有效避免m-序列编码扫描情形的相关噪声,其最后形成的综合解码地震剖面可以与脉冲震源的炮集记录相媲美. 相似文献
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在简要介绍城市浅层地震勘探干扰波特点的基础上 ,结合福州市活断层探测的浅层地震试验探测资料 ,阐述了抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探的技术装备、地震数据采集的技术方法以及在强干扰背景条件下围绕抗干扰和提高地震资料信噪比与分辨率而采取的技术措施。试验结果表明 :采用可控震源和与其相匹配的地震仪器以及小道间距、小偏移距、多通道和高频检波器接收的工作方法 ,是实现抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震数据采集的有效途径 相似文献
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冲击夯可控震源具有移动方便、质量轻、输出力大等优点,在城市工程勘察以及中浅层地震勘探等领域具有一定的应用前景.其激励信号主要基于二元伪随机编码技术,由于旁瓣效应导致相关干扰严重、地震记录信噪比低等问题,制约了冲击夯震源的推广应用.本文针对传统控制方法的不足,开展了基于三元伪随机的冲击夯可控震源编码技术和编码匹配控制方法研究,并在此基础上设计和实现了相应的控制系统.野外实验结果表明:相比于二元伪随机编码控制方法,三元伪随机编码控制方法得到的地震子波的主旁瓣比提高了4.04 dB;震源信号穿透力强,在测线远端处能量约为30磅锤击震源的100倍,约为二元伪随机方法的4倍;单炮地震记录中干扰抑制能力强,信噪比显著提升,子波频带宽,提高了分辨率,在一定程度上提高了地震勘探效果. 相似文献
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可控震源相较于炸药震源具有安全性、经济性、频率和能量可控等优点.针对可控震源线性扫描不能对高频衰减进行有效补偿问题,本文提出了一种非连续独立分频扫描技术,根据单炮记录目的层频谱响应特征,优选扫描信号整体频率范围及不同非连续独立频段成分,根据地质任务要求定量确定不同非连续独立频段最佳扫描时长,达到补偿地层衰减吸收,拓宽目的层频带,提高地震勘探分辨率目的,同时此方法又弥补了传统非线性扫描方式的不足,具有地质目标导向、针对性强、成效高等特点,并且通过实例论证了此技术的有效性,同时也为野外可控震源高分辨率地震采集信号设计提供理论指导. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献