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太湖作为典型的风生流湖泊,风场对水体运输和交换的过程起着重要的作用.基于环境水动力学模型EFDC源程序建立了染色剂模型以及水龄模型,借助水龄研究太湖水体的长期输运过程和更新速率特征,从而为太湖的调水工程管理提供科学依据.本文在研究春、夏、秋、冬季不同风场作用下太湖的水龄季节性分布特征的基础上,结合太湖实测风速、流量数据及"引江济太"工程调水运行的现状,着重分析了望虞河枢纽调水运行以及新沟河工程对太湖水龄分布的影响.数值试验的模拟结果表明:太湖水体交换受季风影响明显,春、夏季的水龄相对较大、水体交换较差;靠近湖流入口处的地方水龄较小,远离入口的地方水龄较大;水流流向与风向一致时水龄减小,水循环加快,反之则减慢.望虞河引水引工程能够减小贡湖及湖心区的水龄,加快贡湖湖区及湖心区的水循环;新沟河工程引水能够减小梅梁湖区的水龄,改善该湖区的水质.引水工程的实施对加快整个太湖的水循环做出重要贡献. 相似文献
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引江济太工程综合效益的评估及方法探讨 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
引江济太调水工程自2002年实施以来,不仅发挥了防洪除涝的巨大作用,而且给太湖流域带来了显著的社会、经济和环境效益.探讨评估引江济太工程综合效益的综合指数法与价值估算法,利用层次分析法确定评价因子权重,计算了城镇自来水厂的直接经济效益.通过公众与专家调查确定因子值,然后计算得到综合效益得分为U=77,表明引江济太调水对阳澄淀泖区的经济、社会和环境的综合效益明显,在保障流域河道水位、水环境功能达标、水资源需求满足率,降低人体健康风险,促进水资源综合利用,提高人居环境舒适度、水产养殖效益、水厂效益、工业供水及农业效益等方面效益明显.此外,在提供就业、促进地区文化以及旅游、房地产、航运等方面也有一定的效益.2002-2005年常规调水改善阳澄淀泖区城市自来水厂降低成本的年度效益分别为993万元、2926万元、3617万元、3507万元,合计11043万元.根据水厂效益在综合效益中的贡献比例,可得引江济太产生的经济效益约为4.8亿元,综合效益为53亿元. 相似文献
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直湖港、武进港关闸对太湖竺山湖水环境影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
建立了太湖风生流水量水质数学模型,并结合该地区的水文特征和实测数据,对流场和浓度场进行了模拟和对比.以竺山湖为研究区域,定量分析了直湖港、武进港关闸情况下不同风向以及不同污染物排放量对竺山湖水环境的影响,并计算了各种治理措施的改善效果.结果表明:采用太湖水量水质数学模型得到的太湖流场、浓度场计算值与实测值均相差不大,水量是污染物对竺山湖水环境影响的主要因素,而风向作用不明显;从雅浦港引水需约16d使竺山湖水质逐渐得到改善并最终稳定,同理从太滆运河引水需约25d. 相似文献
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“引江济巢”作为引江济淮的起始段工程,承担着改善巢湖水质的重要任务,调水路线的选取对水质改善效果有关键影响.本文基于MIKE21模型构建了巢湖水动力水质模型,分别模拟了丰水年、平水年和枯水年情景下巢湖流场和总氮、总磷浓度时空分布特征,以及不同调水路线在各典型年对巢湖水质的影响.结果显示巢湖流场和水质分布有明显的空间差异性,受入湖负荷和流量影响,巢湖在丰水年水质较差,整体来说东湖区水质优于西湖区.相比其他年份,丰水年调水对湖区水质的改善作用最明显;不同调水路线中,自白石天河入流相较兆河入流对巢湖,尤其是西湖区水质改善明显. 相似文献
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引调水是改善平原河网地区水环境的重要方法之一,通过构建太湖流域走马塘东南片平原河网区一维水动力水质数学模型,研究不同引调水方案对区域水环境改善效果,确定引调水过程中的异质性因子.从决策目标、水质指标、空间指标3个层面综合考虑,构建环境效益与经济效益结合的多目标函数及评价体系,对引调水方案进行评估优选.结果表明:引调水流量较大时,能够在一定程度上改善区域水环境状况,规划方案下引调水5 d后,高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷的平均改善率分别为30.7%、22.2%、26.4%;引调水时,区域河网中不同空间点位、不同水质指标之间的水质改善过程与效果都存在一定异质性;引调水水量、调度模式及污染源分布都会对调水后的河网区水质产生差异性影响;本研究建立的多目标评价体系较现有方法能够有效涵盖引调水中存在的异质性因子,从多个目标层面优选引调水方案,实现水量水质综合优化调控,为平原河网地区水环境长效管理与科学决策提供理论参考. 相似文献
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“新孟河引水”作为“二引三排”格局的关键组成,将长江水直接引入太湖的竺山湖区,在新的引排格局下,“新孟河引水”对太湖水环境尤其是总磷会有怎样的影响？针对“新孟河引水”工程,如何设计出水路线才能趋利避弊,改善太湖总磷？本文实测并收集了2007—2020年太湖的水文水质数据为基础,模拟了不同路线对太湖分湖区总磷的影响,力求将“新孟河引水”对太湖的影响进行一个清晰的分析,并为形成最为合理的出水路线提供支撑.结果表明:太湖不同湖区对出水路线的响应不同.从单一出水路线的角度来看,新孟河引水后,太浦闸增加出水会使得太湖西北部浊水加快来到太湖东南部,对太湖东南部有不利的影响.而梁溪河或新沟河出水的西北小循环是“新孟河引水”工程优化出水路线,在降低竺山湖、梅梁湖总磷的同时,没有恶化太湖东南部水质,对太湖总磷也有降低的效果.在应用中可以组合各种出水路线,形成联动方案.从物料平衡的角度看,太湖底泥目前仍是磷汇.引水后4种出水路线年均滞留量为1435 t,其中出水河道设置在东太湖(太浦闸)磷滞留量最大,年滞留1513 t;出水河道设置在梅梁湖(新沟河、梁溪河)磷滞留量最小,年滞留1404 t左右. 相似文献
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基于EFDC模型的深圳水库富营养化模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于EFDC模型构建了深圳水库三维水动力和富营养化定量模拟模型.分别用2009年和2010 2011年流量、水位和水质等观测数据对模型进行了校正和验证,准确地反映了深圳水库的水动力和水质变化过程.在此基础上,假定支流污染截排、水库调度和降低东江引水污染负荷3种情景进行深圳水库富营养化数值模拟,3种情景下库中Chl.a峰值浓度分别降低1.0%、16.4%和46.3%,平均浓度分别降低1.3%、29.8%和29.9%.深圳水库具有良好的交换能力,尚未出现水华暴发,但入库营养盐负荷高,存在较大的富营养化风险;在目前沙湾河污水已经截排的基础上再实施支流污染控制,对水质改善和藻类控制作用已不明显;水库调度和削减东江引水污染负荷对深圳水库水质和富营养化改善明显,能够有效降低水华发生的风险. 相似文献
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Flushing sediment through a reservoir has been practiced successfully and found to be inexpensive in many cases. However, the great amount of water consumed in the flushing operation might affect the water supply. To satisfy the water demand and water consumed in the flushing operation, two models combining the reservoir simulation model and the sediment flushing model are established. In the reservoir simulation model, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize and determine the flushing operation rule curves. The sediment‐flushing model is developed to estimate the amount of the flushed sediment volume, and the simulated results update the elevation‐storage curve, which can be taken into account in the reservoir simulation model. The models are successfully applied to the Tapu reservoir, which has faced serious sedimentation problems. Based on 36 years historical sequential data, the results show that (i) the simulated flushing operation rule curves model has superior performance, in terms of lower shortage index (SI) and higher flushing efficiency (FE), than that by the original reservoir operation; (ii) the rational and riskless flushing schedule for the Tapu reservoir is suggested to be set within an interval of every 2 or 4 years in the months of May or June. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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(Department of Hydraulic Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung TAIWAN China Environment Section Agricultural Engineering Research Center Chungli TAIWAN China Shaohua Marko HSU Wei-Sheng YU) 《国际泥沙研究》1999,(2)
IINTRODUCTIONByutilizingthenatUralpowerofflow,hydraulicflushingisaneconomicaltechniquetoremovethedepositedsedimentineitherasettlingbasinorareservoir.Inmanyreservoirsaroundtheworld,hydraulicflushinghasbeenprovenasaneffectivemethodtosustainthereservoirstoragecapacity.Hydraulicflushingprocessesmayinvolveboththeprocessesofscouringpreviousdepositsandpassingincomingsediment-ladenflow,suchasgravitycurrent,throughareservoirtobereleased.Inthisarticle,onlytheformercaseisdiscussed.Thekeythinginthef… 相似文献
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S. Ferrant C. Laplanche G. Durbe A. Probst P. Dugast P. Durand J. M. Sanchez‐Perez J. L. Probst 《水文研究》2013,27(12):1751-1763
A nitrate sensor has been set up to measure every 10 min the nitrate signal in a stream draining a small agricultural catchment dominated by fertilized crops during a 2‐year study period (2006–2008) in the south‐west of France. An in situ sampling protocol using automatic sampler to monitor flood events have been used to assume a point‐to‐point calibration of the sensor values. The nitrate concentration exhibits nonsystematic concentration and dilution effects during flood events. We demonstrate that the calibrated nitrate sensor signal gathered from the outlet is considered to be a continuous signal using the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem. The objectives of this study are to quantify the errors generated by a typical infrequent sampling protocol and to design appropriate sampling strategy according to the sampling objectives. Nitrate concentration signal and flow data are numerically sampled to simulate common sampling frequencies. The total fluxes calculated from the simulated samples are compared with the reference value computed on the continuous signal. Uncertainties are increasing as sampling intervals increase; the method that is not using continuous discharge to compute nitrate fluxes bring larger uncertainty. The dispersion and bias computed for each sampling interval are used to evaluate the uncertainty during each hydrological period. High underestimation is made during flood periods when high‐concentration period is overlooked. On the contrary, high sampling frequencies (from 3 h to 1 day) lead to a systematic overestimation (bias around 3%): highest concentrations are overweighted by the interpolation of the concentration in such case. The in situ sampling protocol generates less than 1% of load estimation error and sample highest concentration peaks. We consider useful such newly emerging field technologies to assess short‐term variations of water quality parameters, to minimize the number of samples to be analysed and to assess the quality state of the stream at any time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The transport of non-indigenous species (NIS) with ship ballast water is a major environmental problem. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) have recommended that ballast tanks are flushed through with sea water to remove NIS contaminants. The flushing efficiency is studied using mathematical models and a scaled experimental model of a ballast tank. The density contrast between the ballast water and water used for flushing is important when the Froude number Fr(w)=U(w)/sqr rt|g(')|H < 1 (defined in terms of average horizontal flow U(w), reduced buoyancy g', and H the vertical dimension in the tank). When denser water is used to flush a ballast tank, from below, it efficiently displaces lighter ballast water; but flushing through with light water creates a buoyant gravity current which effectively short circuits part of the tank. When Fr(w)>1, the density contrast between the ballast water and water used for flushing is not important and flushing is controlled by a bulk Péclet number, Pe(w). For Pe(w)<1 perfect mixing occurs, while for Pe(w)>1 displacement flushing occurs. Laboratory experiments of flushing were performed using a model two-dimensional ballast tank employing dye attenuation to measure the whole concentration field and these experiments confirm the essential features of the mathematical models. The results of this study are discussed in the context of current IMO flushing protocols. 相似文献
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Shaohua Marko HSU Associate Professor Dr. Department of Hydraulic Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan China Wei-Sheng YU Environment Section Agricultural Engineering Research Center Chungli Taiwan China Tzu-Ming LIU Graduate stu 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(3)
1.IN~DUCTIONTurbiditycurrentisoneclassofflowsnameddensitycurrentorgravitycurrent(therHunterRouse(Yih(1980)),whichdePictstheintmsionofheaVyfluidintoalighterone.Usually,thedensitydifferencebetWeentWonuidisrelativelysmallandmixingacrosstheimerfaceoccurs.ThedrivingforceofdensitycurrentsisnotdensitydifferenceitselfbutthedifferenceinspeCmcweights.Turbiditycurrentisnamedwhenthedensitydifferenceisespeciallycausedbysuspendedfinesedimentparticles.Sincesediment-ladenflowcaninteraCtwiththelowerbou… 相似文献
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Anita Moldenhauer-Roth Guillaume Piton Sebastian Schwindt Mona Jafarnejad Anton JSchleiss 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(1):136-150
Sediment detention basins are implemented on mountain rivers to trap solid material that may aggravate the flooding of downstream settlements.However,retention structures built in the past may unnecessarily retain sediment during non-hazardous flood events,resulting in high maintenance costs and sediment deficit downstream.In addition,the so-called spontaneous self-flushing of previously retained sediment during floods has occasionally been observed.Recent research suggests to design sediment detention basins for controlling sediment passage with a guiding channel across the deposition area upstream of a hybrid barrier.Such barriers consist of a check dam with a slot orifice and an upstream bar screen with a bottom clearance in order to benefit from a combined mechanical-hydraulic retention control.The present paper enhances this pioneering research with the help of new experimental data,including a wide range of sediment mixtures and large wood,as well as variable barrier heights.Improved design criteria are provided regarding the bar screen and the basin storage capacity.The functionality of the enhanced concept for sediment detention is illustrated by a case study on a physical model:the protection of the Villard-Bonnot village(France)against torrential hazards. 相似文献
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A coupled routing for the transport capacity and the energy slope is introduced through the definition of the control factor m whose value is linked to the bed form configuration.The coupling aims to further incorporate the interactions occurring in alluvial rivers and thus enhance the prediction of the fine sediment fluxes,especially during high stream power events.Based on a predictive rule for the control factor m that only involves water depth,velocity and bedform constitutive texture,the novel method is confronted to observations collected in one of the most strongly dynamic alluvial river namely the Lower Yellow River.Comparisons between time series of measured and computed concentrations illustrate that during high velocity events the main dynamics of the sediment transport is correctly reproduced.The main advantage of the present approach is to supply consistent time evolutions of sediment concentrations without making use of any detailed shear information. 相似文献
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HUANG Jincbi China Institute of Water Resources Hydroelectric Power Research Fuxinglu A- Beijing China. E-Mail: HJC@IWHR.COM 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(2)
1 INTRODUCTIONBed aggradation and degradation haPpen to be the most imPOrtant aspects of the alluvial processes instreams if the equilibrium conditions among water discharge, sediment flow, and channel shaPe areclistuIbed by natural or man-made factOfs, e.g., the constrUchon of a dam, change in the sediment suPplyrate, or base level changing. Reliable and quanhtative estimation of the bed aggradation or degradation isimPortant in rivertalning engineering and water management projects. … 相似文献