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1.
2005年3月至2007年2月对淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊--南湖浮游甲壳动物进行了连续两年的调查.共记录浮游甲壳动物15种,其中枝角类9属9种、桡足类5属6种.透明溞(Daphnia hyalinaLeydig)和汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii Brehm)为冬、春季优势种;象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.)、短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurumLiéven)、广布中剑水蚤(Me-socyclops leuckarti Claus)和球状许水蚤(Schmackeria forbesi Poppe et Richard)为夏、秋季优势种.浮游甲壳动物密度和生物量分别为0.4-60.6ind./L和0.01-1.25mg/L,夏、秋季较高,冬、春季较低.枝角类的密度和生物量在2005年和2006年10月均达到最大值,分别为44ind./L和1.01mg/L.哲水蚤的密度最大值(20.0ind./L)出现在2005年4月,而剑水蚤(21.7ind./L)出现在2005年8月.无节幼体在各月份均有较高密度,其最高密度(46.6ind./L)和生物量(0.14mg/L)出现在2006年3月.温度和浮游植物是影响南湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化的重要因素.  相似文献   

2.
赵帅营  韩博平 《湖泊科学》2007,19(3):305-314
新丰江水库是位于广东省境内的一座大型深水贫营养水库.为了解这一典型贫营养水体的浮游动物群落特征,于2002-2003年对该水库的轮虫和浮游甲壳动物进行了研究.新丰江水库的浮游动物主要为广布性种类,优势类群是桡足类,其幼体的数量高于成体,优势种为舌状叶镖水蚤、温中剑水蚤和微小近剑水蚤.枝角类优势种是长额象鼻溞、短尾秀体溞和角突网纹溞.轮虫优势种为个体较小的螺形龟甲轮虫和彩胃轮虫.优势种的个体体长为50-1450 μm,个体最大的是舌状叶镖水蚤,平均体长为1190 μm,个体最小的是彩胃轮虫,平均体长为80 μm.在12月份,可能由于银鱼的摄食强度较高,导致大个体(主要为舌状叶镖水蚤及其大个体的哲水蚤幼体)的数量和生物量较低.在其余3个采样月份,浮游动物受银鱼影响相对较小,舌状叶镖水蚤的数量和生物量均远高于透明溞,可能与它们临界食物浓度及滤食方式的差异有关.根据对优势种的分析,新丰江水库的浮游动物群落具有典型的贫营养水体特点.  相似文献   

3.
沉积物再悬浮对食浮游动物鱼类捕食浮游动物的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
周礼斌  陈非洲 《湖泊科学》2015,27(5):911-916
在亚热带浅水湖泊中,由风浪引起沉积物再悬浮是其重要特征之一.沉积物再悬浮一方面直接影响浮游动物群落结构,另一方面通过影响食浮游动物鱼类对浮游动物的捕食而产生间接影响.以食浮游动物鱼类——餐条(Hemiculter leucisculus)为实验对象,通过模拟实验,比较不同再悬浮条件下餐条对浮游动物群落结构的影响.结果显示,在有餐条的处理组中,大型枝角类短钝溞(Daphnia obtusa)只在弱再悬浮条件下出现,并成为枝角类群落的优势种;在无餐条的处理组中,短钝溞生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.强再悬浮(无餐条)和无再悬浮(有餐条)条件下,小型枝角类角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia cornuta)和盘肠溞(Chydorus sp.)为优势种.无论有、无餐条条件下,桡足类优势种均为中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops sp.),其生物量随再悬浮强度减弱而增加.所有处理组中,轮虫丰度均低于枝角类和桡足类丰度.研究表明,在亚热带浅水湖泊中,适当的悬浮质浓度既能干扰食浮游动物鱼类对大型浮游动物的捕食,又不影响大型浮游动物的生存,使得它们保持一定的丰度,通过对浮游植物的摄食,降低叶绿素a浓度.  相似文献   

4.
抚仙湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构与空间分布   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
云南抚仙湖是我国典型的高原深水湖泊,为揭示湖中浮游甲壳动物对生态系统变化的响应,研究了其群落结构与空间分布特征.2005年6-7月在抚仙湖共采集浮游甲壳动物8种,平均密度为27.6ind./L,优势类群为桡足类.桡足类优势种为舌状叶镖水蚤(Phyllodiaptomus tunguidus Shen et Tai),枝角类优势种为角突网纹涵(Ceriodaphnia cornuta Sars)和象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.).浮游甲壳动物主要分布在0-30m水层,密度随水深增加而下降;0-10m水层,枝角类和无节幼体占优势,大于10m水层,桡足类占优势.浮游甲壳动物密度南区大于北区(P<0.01),而沿岸区与湖心区之间、沉水植物区与非沉水植物区之间无显著性差异(P>0.05).相关分析表明:浮游甲壳动物密度的垂直分布与藻类密度和水体理化凼子相关关系显著,而水平分布与藻类密度和水体理化因子相关关系不显著.与20世纪80年代相比,抚仙湖浮游甲壳动物优势种发生了演替,西南荡镖水蚤(Neutrodiaptomus mariadviagae mariadviagae (Brohm))消失,被舌状叶镖水蚤代替,可能与太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensi Chen)引入有关;浮游甲壳动物密度表现出增加趋势,但仍处于较低水平,与水体营养水平的提高及太湖新银鱼的捕食压力有关.  相似文献   

5.
汪财生  李共国 《湖泊科学》2006,18(6):643-648
本文调查了疏浚后杭州西湖(小型、浅水、富营养化湖泊)四个采样站(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)桡足类的密度、生物量和多样性指数,并对桡足类生物量与水质理化因子之间进行了相关分析.共发现桡足类9种,其中哲水蚤3种,剑水蚤6种.疏浚后,桡足类群落密度随着引水水流路程的加大而逐渐增大,多样性指数逐渐下降.桡足类群落丰度夏秋季明显大于冬春季.汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)成体在营养水平较低的Ⅰ站(TLI=55.3)具有较大的密度和生物量,其分市沿着引流方向逐渐下降,而哲水蚤的桡足幼体则沿引流方向逐渐增加;粗壮温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops dybowskii)成体在营养水平较高的Ⅱ-Ⅳ站(TLI=62.7-63.5)具有较大的密度和生物量;疏浚使底柄种类猛水蚤(Harpacticoida)消失了.疏浚对哲水蚤密度分布分异的影响较大,对剑水蚤密度分布分异的影响较小.桡足类群落Ⅱ-Ⅲ站桡足类生物量随水体叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数和总磷含量的升高而显著增加,随水体透明度的增大而显著下降.  相似文献   

6.
沉积物再悬浮对浮游动物群落结构影响的模拟实验   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
沉积物再悬浮是浅水湖泊的重要特征之一.通过模拟实验,比较不同再悬浮程度下浮游动物群落结构的变化,以探讨沉积物再悬浮对浮游动物的影响.结果显示,不同处理下总悬浮物与叶绿素a浓度差异显著.再悬浮组中枝角类简弧象鼻溞(Bosmina coregoni)、角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia cornuta)和轮虫占优势,而对照组中大型枝角类溞属(Daphniasp.)占优势,再悬浮使浮游动物群落组成趋于小型化.不同再悬浮条件下隆线溞(Daphnia carinata)、简弧象鼻溞(Bosmina coregoni)和轮虫的丰度差异显著,角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia cornuta)和桡足类丰度差异不显著.总悬浮物浓度与轮虫和简弧象鼻溞丰度显著正相关,与隆线溞丰度显著负相关,与其它浮游动物种群丰度无显著相关性.本研究显示,沉积物再悬浮是决定浮游动物群落结构变化的重要过程之一.  相似文献   

7.
于2014年10-12月,采集厦门溪东水库浮游动物、浮游植物、浮游细菌与悬浮物样品,分析浮游动物群落与食物质量和食物浓度的关系,探讨桡足类营养级变化对浮游动物的影响.结果表明,空间上后生浮游动物群落结构在水库不同水层间的差异不显著;时间上桡足类在水华期和非水华期的差异不显著,枝角类和轮虫在水华期和非水华期的差异显著.桡足类群落组成受食物质量的影响较大,枝角类群落组成受食物浓度的影响较显著,轮虫群落组成受食物质量和食物浓度的共同影响.进一步分析表明,食物质量和食物浓度与水温显著相关,枝角类生物量受食物浓度的影响,桡足类生物量与轮虫生物量呈显著相关.为了探究桡足类与食物质量的关系,我们以优势种舌状叶镖水蚤(Phyllodiaptomus tunguidus)为对象分析化学计量特征,发现舌状叶镖水蚤体内的磷含量与水柱总磷平均浓度和水温呈显著正相关,其营养级变化范围为1.28~2.84,且营养级随着水温下降而显著增加.非水华期的食物磷含量增加可能是舌状叶镖水蚤丰度升高的原因之一,降温和种群繁殖的共同影响导致非水华期舌状叶镖水蚤体内磷含量逐渐下降,营养级增加.研究结果可为揭示浮游动物在富营养化内陆水体中的群落演变过程机制提供基础数据.  相似文献   

8.
海南热带水库敞水区浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
于枯水期(2006年12月)和丰水期(2007年5月)对海南省7座水库敞水区进行采样调查,共检出浮游甲壳类动物15种.多为广温性和嗜热性种类,其中桡足类7种,枝角类8种.温中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides)、脆弱象鼻溞(Bosmina fatali)和颈沟基合溞(Bosminopsi...  相似文献   

9.
竞争捕食作用对千岛湖浮游动物群落结构的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
竞争与捕食作用是调节湖泊和池塘等淡水生态系统结构的主要动力,并且影响着浮游动物的群落结构和种群动态变化.为了阐明生物因素对千岛湖浮游动物群落结构的影响,于2009-2010年对千岛湖浮游动物群落结构变化规律进行调查.利用Pearson相关性分析和多元逐步回归法分析生物因素对千岛湖中浮游动物群落结构的影响.对千岛湖1999、2004、2007-2010年的鲢鳙鱼生物量和浮游动物生物量的统计分析表明,1999年鲢鳙鱼的生物量约为2004、2007-2010年年平均生物量的1/5,而轮虫和桡足类生物量变化不大,枝角类中盔形溞密度下降.鲢鳙鱼放养后浮游植物密度下降,而大型浮游动物(如盔形溞)的密度变化趋势与浮游植物相一致,因此推断鲢鳙鱼的放养将对千岛湖浮游动物群落结构产生影响.  相似文献   

10.
大口鲇幼鱼摄食、生长及驯化的初步研究   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:15  
根据1991年1~12月的调查,陆水水库的浮游植物共8门118属,以绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻门的种类为主,占总属数的86.44%;浮游动物198种,其中原生动物38种、轮虫68种、枝角类61种、桡足类31种。浮游植物年平均数量和生物量分别为3.1449×10~6cell/L和1.937mg/L,数量以蓝藻、隐藻、硅藻最多,占总数量的91.33%,生物量以隐藻、硅藻、绿藻最大,占总生物量的85.03%,浮游植物初级毛产量为3.4gO_2/m~2·d。浮游动物年平均数量和生物量分别为2323.8ind/L和1.4837mg/L,数量以原生动物和轮虫最多,占96.89%,生物量以枝角类和桡足类为主,占79.94%.陆水水库浮游生物种类组成和现存量在不同的水域差异较大,季节变化明显。按水化学分析结果及浮游生物特征判定,陆水水库的营养类型为中营养型。还讨论了环境因子对水库浮游生物的影响。  相似文献   

11.
2013年2月6-8日圣克鲁斯群岛发生6次强震,琼中地震台的重力仪记录都有同震响应出现。本文从重力仪记录的面波的延迟时间、最大变形幅度、同震持续时间3个方面研究了6次强震的同震响应特征。  相似文献   

12.
The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.  相似文献   

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14.
As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 3 Poise  相似文献   

15.
The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.  相似文献   

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17.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...  相似文献   

18.
地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。  相似文献   

19.
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.  相似文献   

20.
The geodynamic interpretation of the results of GPS observations among the permanently operating stations which establish the frame for defining and conserving the coordinate system and simultaneously for describing the fundamental tendencies of dynamics in the area represented by them, should be deprived of the effects of geodynamic phenomena, which can be either periodic or short-term (even non-periodic) so that secular changes may be found. Some of these influences are included in scientific processing software, others have to be modelled later. The purpose of this project is to determine the influences of the indirect effect of ocean tides and the direct deformational effect of the atmosphere on the results of GPS observations, performed at stations Pecný (Czech Republic), Wettzell (FRG) and Graz (Austria), and also for the GPS stations of the Central Europe Regional Geodynamic Project (CERGOP) in the region of Central and East Europe. On the basis of analyses and results it is possible to claim that at the present accuracy of GPS observations the influence of ocean loading and atmospheric pressure effects for geodynamic campaigns in the region of the Czech Republic is negligible. For campaigns in larger regions (i.e. Central Europe) atmospheric corrections will have to be applied to height differences. These corrections, however, due to their periodicity have negligible influence on secular changes.  相似文献   

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