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1.
浅水湖泊沉积物磷释放的波浪水槽试验研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
为探索浅水湖泊水动力扰动作用对沉积物内源营养盐释放的规律,采用波浪水槽试验研究了波浪扰动对太湖和巢湖沉积物悬浮和磷释放的作用.试验结果显示在强波浪扰动下,底泥大规模悬浮,使得水体中悬浮固体(SS)、总磷(TP)和溶解性总磷(DTP)含量显著升高,太湖和巢湖底泥水槽试验中上覆水体TP含量分别升高了6倍和3倍,DTP分别升高了1倍和70％,太湖底泥试验中溶解性活性磷(SRP)含量亦升高了25％.掀沙过程中,不但表层底泥间隙水中的溶解性磷释放到上覆水体当中,沉积物颗粒所吸附的磷也大量转化为SRP而解吸释放.然而,强波浪掀沙一段时间后,溶解态磷的释放逐渐受到限制.随着波浪扰动作用的持续,悬浮物的中值粒径减小,细颗粒组分的百分含量明显增加,使得悬浮物对溶解态磷的吸附能力增强;波浪扰动显著提高了水体的溶解氧浓度,也会促进水体铁锰物质的氧化,增大其对磷酸根离子的吸附能力.这些变化可能是波浪掀沙后期限制水体SRP浓度进一步升高的主要原因.太湖底泥波浪水槽试验的结果与太湖梅梁湾中心区域常见风浪扰动下底泥的悬浮起动情况相吻合,底泥起动的临界切应力也基本相同,强波浪掀沙的切应力条件及水体SS,TP及SRP浓度变化的特点也一致,表明本实验的结果接近太湖的实际状况.本研究说明太湖的水动力扰动能显著提高水体TP及SRP浓度,大波掀沙初期对底泥磷释放的影响最大,后期的影响强度则有所下降. 相似文献
2.
大型浅水湖泊沉积物内源营养盐释放模式及其估算方法--以太湖为例 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
在新的野外调查和室内试验基础上,完善了有关大型浅水湖泊沉积物内源营养盐释放的模式,并在此基础上提出了太湖内源释放的估算方法.通过在太湖开展室内释放模拟实验和风浪期间底泥悬浮及上覆水中营养盐浓度变化的野外观测,提出了静态与动态二种浅水湖泊内源释放模式.静态情况下,营养盐主要通过浓度梯度扩散从沉积物进入上覆水,其释放强度受控于沉积物～水界面的温度,氧化还原环境及营养盐浓度差;动态条件下,沉积物由于动力扰动而发生悬浮,沉积物中溶解性及颗粒态的营养盐随着沉积物的悬浮而释放.虽然动态情况下总的营养盐释放较静态条件下大,但由于湍流导致水体及水土界面充氧,铁,锰等金属元素因氧化而吸附溶解性营养盐(特别是活性磷SRP)的能力增强,所以动力扰动仅引起总的营养盐释放,而不一定导致溶解性营养盐的释放.因此,在动态条件下,营养盐总释放量受控于动力扰动强度,底泥可悬浮量及沉积物中的营养盐含量;对于可溶性的营养盐,特别是SRP,其释放还受控于动力复氧的强度,沉积物中铁的含量及沉积物间隙水与上覆水中营养盐的浓度差.在此基础上,分别估算了静态和动态二种情况下沉积物内源释放量.根据实验室模拟结果,静态条件下太湖全湖一年NH4+-N释放量达1万吨左右,PO43--p释放量达900t左右;结合太湖2001年的风场观测记录,把太湖野外风浪过程分为风平浪静,小风浪,大风浪三种情况,分别占全年总日数的12％,82％,6％.在"风平浪静"条件下,其释放量根据实验室的静态释放试验来估算,而"小风浪"和"大风浪"条件下,其释放量则根据室内水槽试验得到的释放通量来估算.结果显示太湖全年释放量为总氮8.1万吨,总磷为2.1万吨;分别为外源氮磷年输入量的2～6倍. 相似文献
3.
风浪扰动下湖滨带悬浮物和营养盐响应特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究风浪扰动下沉积物起悬过程中悬浮物浓度的分布特征和水体营养盐时空分布状况,以太湖西北湖滨带为例,选择代表4种不同生境的6个点位进行了连续12 d的野外观测.利用高精度分层同步采样装置,采用重量法计算悬浮量,并对悬浮过程中总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)和硝态氮(NO_3~--N)浓度进行分析.结果表明:风速是引起太湖西北湖滨带水体悬浮物增加的主要因素,沉积物悬浮的临界风速为3.6 m/s.各点位悬浮物浓度的均值差异明显,表现为:无植被区植被区河口区湖心区.太湖西北湖滨带水体氮、磷浓度日变化幅度较大,TN浓度为1.82~4.96 mg/L,TP浓度为0.10~1.47 mg/L.NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N浓度分别在0.09~2.83和1.05~3.69 mg/L之间波动.近岸无植被区水柱的总悬浮量与风速的相关性最好,相关系数达到0.722;而远岸湖心区与风速的相关系数仅为0.039.悬浮物浓度除了受风情(风向和风速)的影响外,同样受水深、地形特征和水生植被的影响. 相似文献
4.
动力扰动下太湖梅梁湾水-沉积物界面的营养盐释放通量 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
通过波浪水槽试验,研究了不同水动力扰动条件下太湖梅梁湾水-沉积物界面的营养盐通量.结果发现,水动力扰动对该通量的影响很大,在中等扰动强度下(水底波切应力为0.019N·m-2,相当于梅梁湾中部夏季盛行风-东南风风速5～7 m·s-1),TN,DTN和NH4+-N的通量分别为1.92×10-3,-1.81×10-4和5.28×10-4mg·m-2·s-1(向上为正,向下为负),而TP,TDP和SRP的通量分别为5.69×10-4,1.68×10-4和-1.29×10-4mg·m-2·s-1.根据对气象资料的统计,夏季5～7 m·s-1东南风风速的最大持续时间为15h,以上述通量和风速持续时间进行计算,太湖底泥区域按水面积的47.45％,将分别有111tTN,32tNH4+-N,34tTP和10tTDP进入水体,可分别导致整个太湖水体中相应的平均浓度升高约0.025,0.007,0.007和0.002 mg·1-1.当扰动增大时(水底波切应力为0.217 N·m-2,相当于梅梁湾中部东南风速10～11 m·s-1),营养盐通量显著增加,其中TN,DTN和NH4+-N分别达1.16×10-2,6.76×10-3和1.14×10-2 mg·m-2·s-1,而TP通量亦大幅度上升,达到2.14×10-3 mg·m-2·s-1,上述通量的增加幅度均达到一个量级以上.但是,TDP的通量有所减小,其值为9.54×10-5 mg·m-2·s-1,而SRP虽然存在增加趋势,但其通量值却很小(5.42×10-5 mg·m-2·s-1).统计结果显示,太湖地区该风速的持续时间不超过5h.若以5h计,在上述强扰动情况下,营养盐释放量分别为232t TN,134.9t TDN,228t NH4+-N,42.7 t TP,2.0t TDP和1.1tSRP,水体中相应的平均浓度的升高量为0.050,0.029,0.049,0.009,0.0004和0.0002 mg·1-1.由此可见,在浅水湖泊中,动力扰动能造成水体中营养盐浓度的急骤升高,虽然在微扰动情况下,有些指标的释放通量出现负值(如DTN和SRP),水底沉积物表现为上述营养盐成分的汇集场所,但沉积物中大多数营养盐成分会随着底泥悬浮和水体-沉积物界面环境条件的改变而进入水体,给水体生态系统带来严重影响,这也是浅水湖泊所具有的显著特征之一. 相似文献
5.
2005-2017年北部太湖水体叶绿素a和营养盐变化及影响因素 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用国家生态观测网络太湖湖泊生态系统研究站对北部太湖14个监测点2005-2017年的营养盐和叶绿素a浓度逐月监测数据，分析了北部太湖2005年以来水体营养盐和叶绿素a变化特征，探讨了叶绿素变化的影响因素.结果表明，2015年以来，北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度呈现显著增高特征，特别是5-7月的蓝藻水华灾害关键期，水体叶绿素a浓度增幅更加明显；营养盐方面，氮、磷对治理的响应完全不同：水体总氮、溶解性总氮、氨氮的降幅很明显，甚至在春末夏初的蓝藻生长旺盛期出现了供给不足的征兆；但水体总磷降幅却不明显，加之蓝藻水华的磷"泵吸作用"，近3 a来水体总磷浓度反而有升高趋势，溶解性总磷浓度也无明显下降趋势.不同湖区的营养盐变化也不相同：西北湖区溶解性总氮、溶解性总磷浓度显著高于梅梁湾、贡湖湾和湖心区，而且后3个湖区的水质呈现均一化趋势.统计分析表明，北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度与颗粒氮、颗粒磷、总磷、高锰酸盐指数均呈显著正相关，与溶解态氮呈负相关；5-7月水华关键期北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度与上半年（1-6月）逐日水温积温、总降雨量、年平均水位均呈显著正相关关系.从研究结果可以看出，近年来北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度的波动很大程度上受水文气象因子的影响；2007年以来太湖流域一系列生态修复工程的实施，虽然明显降低了湖泊氮浓度，但由于流域和湖体的氮磷本底较高，磷的缓冲能力大，致使水体营养盐水平仍未降到能显著抑制蓝藻生长的水平，年际之间的水文气象条件差异成为蓝藻水华暴发强度差异的主控因素.为此，仍需加大对太湖流域氮、磷负荷的削减，使湖体氮、磷浓度降低到能显著影响蓝藻生长的水平，才能摆脱水文气象条件对蓝藻水华情势的决定作用. 相似文献
6.
洪水事件能够在短时间内对生态系统的物理与生物过程产生重大影响,从而导致浮游植物群落结构的快速演替.2010年9月,广东省大型水库——高州水库发生特大洪水.为了解洪水的生态效应,于2010年1月-2011年12月对高州水库湖沼学变量和浮游植物进行了调查研究.特大洪水期间,高州水库流域内大量泥沙等颗粒物进入水体,将原有有机物相对较多的沉积物覆盖,有助于减少营养盐的底泥释放,洪水后次年春季枯水期水体营养盐浓度明显降低(尤其是磷,总磷浓度低于0.01 mg/L).洪水过后水体中悬浮物的组成改变,在接下来的水体混合期间无机颗粒物的再悬浮导致水体透明度显著降低,但次年水库整体的透明度升高,浮游植物生物量降低.洪水事件导致的水体理化环境的改变使水库浮游植物群落结构改变,由洪水前以群体蓝藻和大个体绿藻(H1和N A功能类群)为优势类群的群落转变为洪水后以中心纲浮游硅藻和甲藻(A、B和LO功能类群)为优势类群的群落,而以往枯水期常有发生的粘质鱼腥藻等蓝藻水华在洪水后春季枯水期没有出现. 相似文献
7.
两种沉水植物对黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)夏花培育水体主要水质因子的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以黄颡鱼夏花培育水体为实验用养殖污水，伊乐藻、轮叶黑藻作为净化水质的沉水植物材料，建立封闭型(非换水)和交换型(定期换水)的两种鱼草共生的生态系统并与传统的商业性养殖系统模式作同步比较，分析了养鱼水体水质主要因子的变化及对鱼存活率的影响．实验结果如下：1．作为实验组的鱼草共生系统两种水体水质优良，鱼类生长良好，交换型水体中D0值≥8．0，NH4—N≤0．34，COD≤18mg/L，悬浮物≤12mg/L夏花成活率为93．3％；封闭型水体中D0值≥7．5，总NH4—N≤0.92，COD≤28mg/L，悬浮物毒20mg/L夏花成活率为60．0%．2．作为对照组有色无草的封闭系统中水质逐渐恶化，鱼类生长受到抑制甚至生存也不能保障，其中，D0值≥2．5，NH4-N≤3.22，COD≤88mg/L，悬浮物≤55mg/L，夏花成活率仅为6．7％；交换系统中D0值≥4．0，总NH4—N≤2．41，COD≤66mg/L,悬浮物≤51mg/L，即使定期换水夏花成活率也仅达66．7％；研究结果表明：鱼草共生系统中栽培伊乐藻、轮叶黑藻等沉水植物可有效地净化水质，不仅确保了夏花生产良性运行，还节约了水资源并达到无污染排放． 相似文献
8.
动力扰动引起的水-土界面沉积物悬浮是浅水湖泊蓝藻水华控制的难点,本文基于声学高频流速仪、浊度仪、气象、波浪等观测仪器获取的高时空分辨时间序列参量,以太湖为例对动力扰动下的底泥起悬驱动力进行研究.结果表明风速小于3 m/s时,水-土界面处平均悬浮物浓度为59 mg/L,波流综合切应力小于0.015 N/m~2,底泥未起悬或在底床附近极小范围内发生起悬;风速在3~6 m/s时,水-土界面处平均悬浮物浓度为103 mg/L,波浪产生的底切应力大部分情况远大于湖流产生的切应力,波流综合切应力处于0.015~0.25 N/m~2范围内,底泥中等规模起悬;风速大于6 m/s时,水-土界面处平均悬浮物浓度为174 mg/L,波浪产生的底切应力占据绝对的主导地位,波流综合切应力大于0.25 N/m~2,底泥大规模起悬.梅梁湾底泥起悬的临界切应力在0.015 N/m~2左右,临界风速大约为3 m/s. 相似文献
9.
2010-2017年太湖总磷浓度变化趋势分析及成因探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来，太湖流域各省市政府加大治理力度，流域水体水质取得明显好转，氨氮浓度和总氮浓度呈大幅度下降趋势，然而太湖水体总磷浓度呈上升趋势.为探讨太湖总磷浓度升高的原因，采用太湖流域管理局2010年以来的水质水量实测数据、遥感监测数据等，分别从太湖入湖河流污染负荷量、水生植被和蓝藻与总磷浓度的关系3个方面进行相关性分析.结果表明，入湖河流总磷浓度高于太湖水体总磷浓度，且磷不易出湖，逐年总磷净入湖量持续累积与太湖总磷浓度有明显的正相关性，入湖污染负荷量大是太湖总磷浓度居高不下的根本原因；水生植被可吸收湖泊沉积物中的营养盐，并抑制底泥再悬浮从而降低内源性营养盐的释放，东太湖水生植被的大量减少，一方面减少了沉水植物对磷元素的吸收，另一方面增加了风浪对底泥的扰动再悬浮，造成磷元素释放，是造成湖水总磷浓度升高的重要因素；近年来太湖蓝藻密度呈上升趋势，受其影响，总磷浓度也有上升，蓝藻水华加快湖体磷循环，藻类密度增加也是太湖总磷浓度升高的影响因素之一. 相似文献
10.
在滇池福保湾不同区域应用Peeper(渗析膜式)技术,分析了底泥间隙水NH4 -N、Po43--p的垂向分布特征和近表层10cm内底泥的微生物活性(FDA)、碱性磷酸酶活性(APA),并对它们之间的相互关系进行了统计分析.结果表明,NH4 -N和Po43--p浓度自上覆水向下层间隙水呈先升后降趋势,反映它们有自间隙水向上覆水扩散的潜在危害;底泥有机质(Loss-on-Ignion,LOI)、APA和FDA活性也有从表层底泥向下层逐步降低的趋势.在空问分布上,Po43--p浓度变化为河口区>湾心区>西部沿岸区>东部沿岸区,与沉积物中LOI、APA和FDA活性的大小顺序基本相同.间隙水NH4 6-N浓度与表层10cm内底泥的APA和FDA活性具有显著正相关性(α＝0.01).Po43--p浓度与底泥APA和FDA活性具有负相关性.但相关系数很低. 相似文献
11.
Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
12.
Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
13.
Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4 -N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO43--P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as "calm" (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), "gentle" (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and "gust" (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of "calm" was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of "gentle" and "gust" was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for "calm", "gentle" and "gust", respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phos- phorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2-6 folds of annual external loading, respectively. 相似文献
14.
Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4 +-N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO4 3?-P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as “calm” (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), “gentle” (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and “gust” (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of “calm” was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of “gentle” and “gust” was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for “calm”, “gentle” and “gust”, respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phosphorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2–6 folds of annual external loading, respectively. 相似文献
15.
选取典型表面流人工湿地——盐龙湖人工湿地为研究对象,通过对沉积物理化性质分析,湿地系统水动力模拟,风场与悬浮物(SS)再悬浮浓度关系的拟合及全年再悬浮对湿地净化效果的影响估算,探索表面流湿地沉积物在动力条件下的再悬浮特征及此过程中营养物质的再悬浮量.结果显示:0.3～0.5 m水深沉积物的理论起动流速在18.54～22.62cm/s之间,模拟得到湿地运行过程中水体流速最大值为1.62 cm/s,会远小于理论起动流速值,因此湿地内部流动产生的底部扰动难以形成湿地底泥的大规模再悬浮现象.但湿地内部仍存在一定的底泥再悬浮效应,风场扰动是主要影响因素,风场作用受植物影响显著,萌发期(3-4月)和收割期(11月-次年2月)再悬浮贡献量大于生长期(5-8月)与成熟期(9-10月),并且当风速4 m/s时再悬浮浓度明显增加.再悬浮浓度与运行水深也有关,0.3 m水深SS再悬浮浓度分别高出0.4 m和0.5 m水深12.48%和18.67%;高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)分别高出12.61%和19.52%;总氮(TN)分别高出248.12%和341.94%;总磷(TP)分别高出35.53%和43.48%.全年SS、CODMn、TN和TP再悬浮量分别达到2.8、0.47、0.15和0.011 kg/m2. 相似文献
16.
Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition), both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments. As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4 +-N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO4 3−-P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as “calm” (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), “gentle” (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and “gust” (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of “calm” was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of “gentle” and “gust” was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for “calm”, “gentle” and “gust”, respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phosphorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2–6 folds of annual external loading, respectively.
相似文献17.
在浅水湖泊中,沉降在沉积物中的营养盐易受到水流的扰动再释放出来,而沉水植物可以在一定程度减少营养盐的释放.借助自主开发的生态水槽,在40 d的实验周期内检测动、静水条件下有、无苦草(Vallisneria natans L.)时沉积物、上覆水中磷含量变化,旨在为沉水植物对湖泊沉积物营养盐释放量的影响估算及水环境质量评价提供科学依据.结果表明:动水条件下,沉积物在没有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降21.8%,而有苦草的保护下总磷含量下降17.7%.苦草根系从周围沉积物中吸收磷,1~4 cm沉积物层的吸收量高于4~8 cm沉积物层.动水槽的上覆水中总溶解态磷浓度和总颗粒态磷浓度均大量增加,并且总颗粒态磷浓度相对于总溶解态磷浓度占较大比例.苦草减少了沉积物中磷的释放,并对上覆水中正磷酸盐有明显的吸收作用. 相似文献
18.
双向环形水槽模拟变化水位和流速下洞庭湖沉积物氮释放特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浅水湖泊生态系统中的沉积物—水界面是湖泊内源氮释放的重要界面,而水动力因素是改变沉积物氮释放的重要因素.三峡大坝修建以后,长江中下游通江湖泊的水动力条件发生了明显的变化.通过采集洞庭湖湖口区域的沉积物和水样,在双向环形水槽动力模拟装置内模拟湖泊水位和流速的变化,探讨湖泊沉积物氮在沉积物和水系统中的二次释放特征.结果表明,随着扰动强度的增加,上覆水悬浮物浓度增大,上覆水中总氮浓度增加,沉积物向上覆水释放氮的强度增强,水动力条件的改变所引起的沉积物内源氮释放不容忽视.在该模拟实验条件下,沉积物存在最适扰动水位(20cm),此水位下上覆水中悬浮物浓度最低,总氮浓度最小.水动力条件的改变对上覆水和沉积物—水界面处铵态氮和硝态氮浓度的影响并不明显,孔隙水中铵态氮与硝态氮之间发生形态的转化. 相似文献
19.
LUO Liancong QIN Boqiang ZHU Guangwei SUN Xiaojing HONG Dalin GAO Yajun XIE Rui 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(Z1)
A wave flume experiment was conducted to study nutrient fluxes at water-sediment interface of Meiliang Bay under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results reveal that hydrodynamics has remarkable effects on nutrient fluxes in this area. With a bottom wave stress of 0.019 N m-2 (equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 5-7 m s-1 at the sediment sample site of Meiliang Bay), the fluxes of TN, TDN and NH4+-N were separately 1.92× 10-3, -1.81 × 10-4 and 5.28× 10-4 mg m-2 s-1(positive for upward and negative for downward), but for TP, TDP and SRP, the fluxes were 5.69 × 10-4, 1.68 × 10-4 and -1.29 × 10-4 mgm-2 s-1. In order to calculate the released amount of nutrients based on these results, statistic analysis on the long-term meteorological data was conducted.The result shows that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 5-7 m s-1 in this area is about 15 h in summer. Further calculation shows that 111 t TN, 32 t NH4+-N, 34 t TP and 10 t TDP can be released into water (the sediment area was 47.45% of the whole surface area), resulting in concentration increase of 0.025, 0.007, 0.007 and 0.002 mg L-1 separately. With stronger disturbance (bottom wave stress is 0.217 N m-2 which is equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 10-11 m s-1 at the same site), there has been significant increase of nutrient fluxes (1.16× 10-2, 6.76×10-3, 1.14× 10-2 and 2.14× 10-3 mgm-2 s-1 for TN, DTN and NH4+-N and TP). The exceptions were TDP with flux having a decrease (measured to be 9.54× 10-5 mgm-2 s-1 ) and SRP with flux having a small increase (measured to be 5.42 × 10-5 mgm-2 s-1). The same statistic analysis on meteorological data reveal that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 10-11 m s-1 is no more than 5 h. Based on the nutrient fluxes and the wind lasting-time, similar calculations were also made suggesting that 232 t TN, 134.9 t TDN, 228 t NH4+-N, 42.7 t TP, 2.0 t TDP and 1.1 t SRP will be released from sediment at this hydrodynamic condition resulting in the concentration increases of 0.050, 0.029, 0.049, 0.009, 0.0004 and 0.0002 mg L-1. Therefore in shallow lakes, surface disturbance can lead to significant increase of nutrient concentrations although some components in water column had negative flux with weak disturbance (e.g. TDN and SRP in this experiment). In this case, sediment looks to be a source of nutrients. These nutrients deposited in sediment can be carried or released into water with sediment resuspension or changes of environmental conditions at water-sediment interface, which can have great effects on aquatic ecosystem and is also the characteristics of shallow lakes. 相似文献
20.
Sediment resuspension under action of wind in Taihu Lake,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A field study was undertaken to investigate the changes of the current speed, wave parameters and sediment resuspension under different wind speeds in the Taihu Lake. The Acoustic Doppler Current Profi... 相似文献