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《地震工程学报》2003,(4)
第 1期东昆仑活动断裂带大地震之间的弹性应力触发研究万永革 ,沈正康 ,甘卫军 ,等 ( 1)………………………………………太阳活动与 2 0 0 1年昆仑山口西 8.1级大震的相关性讨论郭增建 ,韩延本 ,吴瑾冰 ( 8)……………………………………昆仑山口西 8.1级地震的卫星热红外前兆特征分析康春丽 ,陈正位 ,陈立泽 ,等 ( 12 )……………………………………地磁“低点位移”现象与昆仑山口西 8.1级地震丁鉴海 ,余素荣 ,肖武军 ( 16)………………………………………………昆仑山口西 8.1级地震前的地震活动异常及预测意义的讨论王林瑛 ,陈佩燕 ,林… 相似文献
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《地震工程学报》2016,(Z1)
对东昆仑断裂卫星红外影像的地貌特征进行地学理解的基础上,对2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震前后的红外图像进行了进一步分析;利用红外图像差值剖面线分析法,将地震前后的遥感图像进行灰度值差分处理、红外亮温变化检测,然后对断裂带的不同段落进行红外亮温值剖面线分析。结果发现:(1)震前10天左右在东昆仑断裂带的西段区域出现明显的增温异常,震前7天出现奇特的异常云,这可能是深部上涌的气体导致的蒸发致冷效应,应是一种地球内部热动力作用引起的地球排气现象;(2)图像差值剖面线分析结果显示震前2天红外增温异常集中在两个区域:一是主震震中所在的布喀达坂峰附近;二是在宏观震中附近的库赛湖地区。与前人的研究结果相比,本文发现的异常其时、空特征更突出,可能有一定的临震指示意义。 相似文献
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青海昆仑山口西8.1级地震前的尾波持续时间和地震频次 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2001年11月14日青海省昆仑山口西发生了8.1级大地震，震后，分析了青海省大武地震台尾波持续时间、门源地震台记录的地震频次，发现昆仑山口西8.1级地震前大武地震台的尾波持续时间明显存在低值异常、门源地震台观测到的地震频次出现了高值异常。得出青海昆仑山口西8.1级地震前有地震月频次高值异常，地震发生在尾波低值异常期的结论。 相似文献
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昆仑山口西8.1 级地震前祁连山地震带附近形变异常的演化特征 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
昆仑山口西8.1 级地震前在我国祁连山地震带附近观测到一系列的巨幅形变异常, 这些异常包括了地倾斜、地应力和地应变等测项。文中对这些形变异常进行了研究, 并给出了昆仑山口西8.1 级地震前形变异常的分布特征:乐都、兰州、门源和肃南地倾斜异常的幅度、持续时间与昆仑山口西8.1 级地震震级之间满足形变异常特征与地震强度之间的一般性统计关系;德令哈地应力观测曲线在震前出现了较明显的转折, 最大应力扰动方向与地震方位密切相关;武都应变观测曲线在昆仑山口西8.1 级地震前出现了幅度较大的异常, 最大剪应变方向为西偏北23°~ 44°, 应变变化幅度与地震震级之间也满足上述统计关系。研究结果表明, 祁连山地震带附近出现的一系列应力、应变和倾斜巨幅异常与昆仑山口西8.1 级地震有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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强震前地磁垂直分量日变化异常主要表现在幅度与相位上的变化 .本文利用中国地磁台网多年观测资料 ,研究了 2 0 0 1年 1 1月 1 4日昆仑山口西 8.1级地震、2 0 0 3年 2月 2 4日巴楚 伽师 6.8级地震和 1 989年 9月 2 2日小金 6.6级等 3 0多次 6.6级以上强震前 ,地磁垂直分量日变极小值出现的时间 (低点时间 )在空间分布上的异常特征 ,即低点位移现象 .这种少见的异常现象与强震发生有较好的相关性 .发震日期为异常日后的第 2 7天或 41天的前后 4天 ,强震发生地区在低点位移突变分界线附近 .此外 ,还研究了昆仑山口西 8.1级地震和巴楚 伽师 6.8级地震临震前 ,震中周围出现的地磁日变幅异常现象 . 相似文献
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强震前地磁垂直分量日变化异常主要表现在幅度与相位上的变化.本文利用中国地磁台网多年观测资料，研究了2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震、2003年2月24日巴楚-伽师6.8级地震和1989年9月22日小金6.6级等30多次6.6级以上强震前，地磁垂直分量日变极小值出现的时间（低点时间）在空间分布上的异常特征，即低点位移现象. 这种少见的异常现象与强震发生有较好的相关性. 发震日期为异常日后的第27天或41天的前后4天，强震发生地区在低点位移突变分界线附近. 此外，还研究了昆仑山口西8.1级地震和巴楚-伽师6.8级地震临震前, 震中周围出现的地磁日变幅异常现象. 相似文献
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昆仑山口西8．1级地震引起的地下流体远场响应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对2001年11月14日中国西部昆仑山口西8.1级地震引起的川滇块体内四川地区地下流体远场响应的分析研究,得到了地下流体在四川地区表现出的远震响应的分区特征.探讨了四川地区地下流体远场响应与区域构造、活动断裂以及断裂带间相互作用和昆仑山口西8.1级地震远场构造的相互联系,分析了四川地区地下流体远场响应表现出的对远震的孕震、震时和震后响应的阶段性特征,认为地下流体远场响应所包含的远震"孕震响应"、"震时响应"和"震后响应",正是昆仑山口西8.1级地震在孕育-发展-发生的全过程中在震源外的远场反映. 相似文献
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岩石变形导致的温度变化极其微弱 ,对观测系统与环境有严格要求。正确选择红外观测系统的参数 ,配备高灵敏度的温度场观测设备 ,以及有效地控制环境热背景决定了变形热红外实验结果的可靠性。在对噪声与干扰源进行详细分析的基础上 ,提出了进行热红外实验所需要的各主要设备的关键技术指标 ,并建立了一套相应的实验系统。典型材料样品实验表明 ,在考虑到变形热红外实验的各种特殊要求 ,认真选择观测设备 ,并进行了严格的误差校正之后 ,可以获得可靠的变形热过程信息 相似文献
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After carefully studying the results of retrieval of land surface temperature(LST) by multi-channel thermal infrared remote
sensing data, the authors of this paper point out that its accuracy and significance for applications are seriously damaged
by the high correlation coefficient among multi-channel information and its disablement of direct retrieval of component temperature.
Based on the model of directional radiation of non-isothermal mixed pixel, the authors point out that multi-angle thermal
infrared remote sensing can offer the possibility to directly retrieve component temperature, but it is also a multi-parameter
synchronous inverse problem. The results of digital simulation and field experiments show that the genetic inverse algorithm
(GIA) is an effective method to fulfill multi-parameter synchronous retrieval. So it is possible to realize retrieval of component
temperature with error less than 1K by multi-angle thermal infrared remote sensing data and GIA. 相似文献
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组建地温观测网与卫星热红外观测相结合的新型立体化地热观测系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地震预报尤其是临震预报,是当今国内外公认的世界性难题,对于这个复杂的问题,需要改变思维模式和探测手段来寻找突破口。笔者认为,在诸多的地震前兆信息中,震前地温突升是比较容易捕捉到的前兆信息之一。依据震前有关地温突升的一些观测事实和卫星热红外遥感能够探测到大震前有热红外异常现象,以及有地温突升必然就伴有地热信息释放的理念,笔者阐述了组建地温观测与卫星热红外观测相结合的新型立体化地热观测系统的必要性和可行性,我国目前现有气象台站2800多个,地震台站1400多个,共计4200多个台站,要统一增设80cm及以下地温观测并纳入到地震观测网。当发现某一地点地温有突升现象时,立刻对该地区上空的卫星热红外遥感资料进行重点分析和研究,从中提取可能的地热异常信息及其分布状况。一是地温观测基本摆脱了地表以上复杂多变的天气变化等干扰信息的影响,二是从周围复杂多变的卫星热红外遥感图像中摆脱出来,转移到有地温突升地区上空的图像中来。 相似文献
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卫星热红外遥感资料在地震预测中应用的现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概述了震前卫星热红外异常研究的历史及发展概况,其发展经历了四个阶段:异常现象的发现、异常现象总结、机理研究以及异常提取方法改进;并进一步概括了目前各异常提取方法的优缺点及适用条件。 相似文献
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Earth degassing specifically of carbon dioxide CO2 is of increasing interest with respect to the global carbon budget, related climate effects, earthquake and volcano eruption mechanisms, as well as plant physiological reactions in gas-rich environments. Investigations in all of these disciplines require the detection of surface CO2 degassing structures and quantification of their emissions. We introduce minimal thermal change detection based on infrared imaging as a new remote sensing tool for the detection of earth surface thermal anomalies suiting among others to discover earth degassing locations of any origin. The method allows for seamless areal search and monitoring of degassing structures in any terrain. As proof of concept infrared imaging measurements were performed at the Bossoleto vent on the eastern master fault of the Siena Graben (Tuscany, Italy). It is known for the migration of a large amount of CO2-rich gas from deep geothermal reservoirs. Field data acquired confirmed the qualification of the method. Detection of CO2 degassing locations from infrared image time series worked reliably and optimal detection conditions were identified (dry, calm, cloudless weather between dusk and dawn). A simple model of heat exchange processes involved and observed was developed. In a first attempt this model was applied to determine the gas exit temperature, the area of gas thermal reach and the gas flux from recorded image series. It is the first method that allows remote areal survey of mofette fields and the associated CO2 flux quantification sole from infrared image time series. 相似文献
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The correlation of multi-angle thermal infrared data and the choice of optimal view angles 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
FAN Wenjie & XU Xiru .Institute of Remote Sensing GIS of Peking University Beijing China .Center of Remote Sensing GIS of Beijing Normal University Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(6):570-576
The relationship between multi-angle thermal in-frared radiance of non-isothermal mixed pixel and black bodys radiance of components can be expressed by the matrix formula[1] ,()()(),kkjbjLwLTllq= (1) here l represents wave length of electronic magnetic wave, kq means zenith angle of view direction, (,)LTlq means the measured radiance, ,()kjw is called the matrix of system抯effective emissivities, T means the temperature in K degree, ()bLTl means the radiance of black body described by plank… 相似文献
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L. Spampinato C. Oppenheimer A. Cannata P. Montalto G. G. Salerno S. Calvari 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1281-1292
Thermal imagery obtained with portable infrared cameras is widely used to track and measure volcanic phenomena. In the case of explosive eruptions, both air and ground-based thermal monitoring have enabled collection of data streams from relatively safe distances. Analysis of these data have enabled the characterisation of different explosive regimes, parameterisation of eruptive plumes, and assessment on the dynamics occurring in the shallow system. Here we explore the suitability of infrared imagers for investigating the short time scale eruptive behaviour of three basaltic volcanoes. We present high-time resolution thermal image data-sets recorded at Etna, Stromboli and Kīlauea volcano. At the time of observations, all three exhibited pulsed degassing. Signal processing of the mean apparent temperature time-series highlights four broad classes of cyclic temperature changes at the three volcanoes based on characteristic time-scales revealed in the periodograms: (1) <15?s, (2) ~20-50?s, (3) ~1-10?min, and (4) 12–90?min. Based on previous studies and integrating time-series results with qualitative visible and thermal observations and, in case of Kīlauea, also with SO2 column amounts in the plume, we hypothesise that short cycles relate mainly to bursting of overpressured gas bubbles at the magma surface, while long cycles might be associated with mechanisms of gas slug formation and ascent, and to the emplacement and drainage of a lava lake. At Kīlauea, slow fluctuations may reflect periodic variations of the lava lake surface level. The data from all three volcanoes reveal superimposition of degassing cycles of different frequencies, suggesting link through common magmatic processes and physical properties. 相似文献
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Ki‐mook Kang Duk‐jin Kim Yunjee Kim Eunhee Lee Bong‐Gwan Kim Seung Hee Kim Kyoochul Ha Dong‐Chan Koh Yang‐Ki Cho Guebuem Kim 《水文研究》2019,33(7):1089-1100
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles, particularly off volcanic islands in oligotrophic oceans. However, the spatial and temporal variations of SGD are still poorly understood owing to difficulty in taking rapid SGD measurements over a large scale. In this study, we used four airborne thermal infrared surveys (twice each during high and low tides) to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of SGD over the entire coast of Jeju Island, Korea. On the basis of an analytical model, we found a linear positive correlation between the thermal anomaly and squares of the groundwater discharge velocity and a negative exponential correlation between the anomaly and water depth (including tide height and bathymetry). We then derived a new equation for quantitatively estimating the SGD flow rates from thermal anomalies acquired at two different tide heights. The proposed method was validated with the measured SGD flow rates using a current meter at Gongcheonpo Beach. We believe that the method can be effectively applied for rapid estimation of SGD over coastal areas, where fresh groundwater discharge is significant, using airborne thermal infrared surveys. 相似文献
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Thermal‐infrared remote sensing of surface water–groundwater exchanges in a restored anastomosing channel (Upper Rhine River,France) 
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下载免费PDF全文 David Eschbach Guillaume Piasny Laurent Schmitt Laurent Pfister Pierre Grussenmeyer Mathieu Koehl Grzegorz Skupinski Abdelaziz Serradj 《水文研究》2017,31(5):1113-1124
Ecohydrological processes are a key element to consider in functional river restorations. In the framework of a LIFE+ European restoration program, we have investigated the potential for airborne thermal‐infrared remote sensing to map surface water–groundwater exchanges and to identify their driving factors. We focused our attention on anastomosing channels on an artificial island of the Upper Rhine River (Rohrschollen), where a new channel was excavated from the floodplain to reconnect an older channel in its upstream part. These hydraulic engineering works led to an increased inflow from the Rhine Canal. Here, we propose an original data treatment chain to (a) georeference the thermal‐infrared images in geographic information system based on visible images, (b) detect and correct data errors, and (c) identify and locate thermal anomalies attributed to groundwater inputs and hyporheic upwellings. Our results, which have been compared to morpho‐sedimentary data, show that groundwater upwelling in the new channel is controlled by riffle–pool sequences and bars. This channel is characterized by large bedload transport and morphodynamic activity, forming riffles and bars. In the old channel, where riffle–pool sequences no longer exist, due to impacts of engineering works and insufficient morphodynamic effects of the restoration, thermal anomalies appeared to be less pronounced. Groundwater inputs seem to be controlled by former gravel bars outcropping on the banks, as well as by local thinning of the low‐permeability clogging layer on the channel bed. 相似文献
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地表热红外辐射的影响因素较多，不仅受到构造活动的影响，还受到大气、太阳以及植被等多种因素的干扰.如何排除这些因素的干扰，是热红外遥感用于研究断层活动或者地震活动的难点之一.从频率域看，地表热红外辐射主要存在3种频段：(1)高频, 周期小于1年的天气变化；(2)中频,以1年周期为主的太阳、植被与季节变化； (3)低频，大于1年周期的大气变化的长周期成份，地壳缓慢的运动引起的热辐射变化亦属于长周期变化.本文运用小波理论将地表热红外辐射分解为上述3个频率成份，并结合气象资料和地震活动进行综合分析.结果表明，低频成份的热异常更接近于断层活动所引起的热信息，能为断层或地震活动提供一定的指示信息.低频成份的高温异常区(条带)跟构造特征、地震活动密切相关. 相似文献