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1.
The investigation and continuous monitoring with an innovative iron oxide embedded cellulose acetate membrane (FeO/CAM) on the concentrations of biologically available phosphorus (BAP) were conducted in the Meiliang Bay of the Taihu Lake during summer in 2004. The results showed that the concentrations of dissolved (FeO-DP), particulate (FeO-PP) and total bioavailable phosphorus (FeO-P) had similar horizontal distribution. The BAP concentrations were the highest in those estuaries in the northern bay. With the decrease of the distance to the estuary or long shore, there was little difference between BAP concentrations in an open lake area. During the observation period, algal blooms occurred in most waters of the northern bay, which was reflected from the high concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a). While they were not highest in the estuarine waters of those major rivers, this is the case for the BAP concentrations. The concentrations of Chl-a had a significantly positive correlation with those of bioavailable phosphorus in the open area of the Meiliang Bay. With the sediment resuspension induced by wind and wave, BAP concentrations increased in a short-term, indicating that the riverine P inputs mainly contribute to the concentrations of BAP in the estuarine water while internal P release was the major source of BAP in the open lake area. In the eutrophic shallow lake, the blooms of alga may cause pH increase and further result in internal P release. The above results showed that the new membrane of FeO/CAM can be used to monitor the concentrations of BAP and provide the scientific justifications for the control strategy of the lake eutrophication. 相似文献
2.
太湖梅梁湾水土界面反硝化和厌氧氨氧化 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
运用无扰动芯样实验室内流动培养、稳定同位素示踪、同位紊气态产物测定及同位素配对技术,对太湖梅梁湾北部到南部的4个梯度样点的水土界面反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率进行研究.结果表明,梅梁湾内及湾外开敞湖区4个样点的水土界面反硝化脱氮速率为(46.36±13.26)-(16.34±22,74)μmol/(m~2·h),厌氧氨氧化脱氮速率为(7.50±2.21)-(2.05±2.90)～mol/(m~2.b).梅梁湾北部河口区水土界面总脱氮能力明显高于梅梁湾南部及开敞湖区.通过对脱氮过程的进一步研究发现.北部脱氮过程主要以上覆水硝酸盐为底物的非耦合反硝化过程(D_w)为优势过程,而梅梁湾外开敞湖区则以沉积物硝化过程耦合控制的反硝化(D_n)为主.影响D_n、D_w在反硝化中比重的主要因素是沉积物溶氧侵蚀深度和上覆水NO_3~-.浓度的差异;梅梁湾厌氧氨氧化脱氮比例占总脱氮比例为12%-14%,湾外开敞湖区则占11%,影响其比例差异的主要因子是反硝化强度的大小及其反硝化中间产物--亚硝酸盐含量的差异. 相似文献
3.
太湖梅梁湾水动力及相关过程的研究 总被引：56，自引：13，他引：43
太湖是位于长江下游的一个大型水湖泊,水动力过程和要素对浅水湖泊的环境演化有着复杂和深远的影响,本文基于１９９８年开展的有关太湖梅梁湾的水动力过程的野外调查结果,总结了梅梁湾在夏季盛行风向条件下湖流特征,发现了梅梁湾在夏季偏南风条件下,表层湖流以顺时针环流为主要特征,但在湾内靠近梁溪河口地区,流场受地形影响而有所不同,反映在叶绿素浓度和总磷、总氮浓度分布上,因受湖流影响较大而富集在梁溪河口周转,即偏 相似文献
4.
2005-2017年北部太湖水体叶绿素a和营养盐变化及影响因素 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用国家生态观测网络太湖湖泊生态系统研究站对北部太湖14个监测点2005-2017年的营养盐和叶绿素a浓度逐月监测数据,分析了北部太湖2005年以来水体营养盐和叶绿素a变化特征,探讨了叶绿素变化的影响因素.结果表明,2015年以来,北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度呈现显著增高特征,特别是5-7月的蓝藻水华灾害关键期,水体叶绿素a浓度增幅更加明显;营养盐方面,氮、磷对治理的响应完全不同：水体总氮、溶解性总氮、氨氮的降幅很明显,甚至在春末夏初的蓝藻生长旺盛期出现了供给不足的征兆;但水体总磷降幅却不明显,加之蓝藻水华的磷"泵吸作用",近3 a来水体总磷浓度反而有升高趋势,溶解性总磷浓度也无明显下降趋势.不同湖区的营养盐变化也不相同：西北湖区溶解性总氮、溶解性总磷浓度显著高于梅梁湾、贡湖湾和湖心区,而且后3个湖区的水质呈现均一化趋势.统计分析表明,北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度与颗粒氮、颗粒磷、总磷、高锰酸盐指数均呈显著正相关,与溶解态氮呈负相关;5-7月水华关键期北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度与上半年（1-6月）逐日水温积温、总降雨量、年平均水位均呈显著正相关关系.从研究结果可以看出,近年来北部太湖水体叶绿素a浓度的波动很大程度上受水文气象因子的影响;2007年以来太湖流域一系列生态修复工程的实施,虽然明显降低了湖泊氮浓度,但由于流域和湖体的氮磷本底较高,磷的缓冲能力大,致使水体营养盐水平仍未降到能显著抑制蓝藻生长的水平,年际之间的水文气象条件差异成为蓝藻水华暴发强度差异的主控因素.为此,仍需加大对太湖流域氮、磷负荷的削减,使湖体氮、磷浓度降低到能显著影响蓝藻生长的水平,才能摆脱水文气象条件对蓝藻水华情势的决定作用. 相似文献
5.
The water quality of Lake Taihu has declined markedly in the past two or three decades. We used modern non-parametric statistical methods to analyse the water quality record for 1989-1993 (samples collected at 2-monthly intervals). Phytoplankton blooms have been a particular problem, as the very high peak chlorophyll a concentrations in the Meiliang (up to 0.4 g·m-3) and the coastal regions (up to 0.5 g·m-3) indicate. However, over a large area of the middle of the lake, peak chlorophyll a concentrations were much lower (0.01-0.03 g·m-3). In this deeper, turbid part of the lake there may often be insufficient underwater light to support rapid phytoplankton growth; grazing by the abundant benthic bivalves may also be important. Total phosphorus (P) concentrations in the coastal waters increased significantly (p < 5%). Suspended solids concentrations also increased significantly, and as a result transparency decreased. However, phytoplankton probably usually only account for a small proportion of the suspended material, so the parallel increase in total P and suspended solids may be coincidental. Significant increases in chlorophyll a were not observed, but phytoplankton blooms are often short-lived (e.g. days to weeks), and thus may not always be detected by the 2-monthly sampling. 相似文献
6.
太湖春季浮游动物磷释放的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
浮游动物是湖泊生态系统的主要组成之一,于2004年3月至5月间调查了太湖梅梁湾、五里湖浮游动物数量,并在实验室条件下分别测定了浮游动物正磷酸盐(PO4-P)的释放率．结果表明,研究期间梅梁湾的枝角类密度都高于五里湖,五里湖的轮虫数量高于梅梁湾,两水域桡足类密度上的差异不明显;梅梁湾和五里湖浮游动物PO4-p释放率的范围分别为0．20-O．43 mg／(g(DW)·h)和0．19-0．54 mg／(g(DW)·h)．因此浮游动物营养盐释放对湖泊生态系统营养盐循环具有一定的作用． 相似文献
7.
《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(2):146-156
Many of the dams built in estuaries in the last century have difficulty with water quality management.Numerous factors have affected the estuary lake water,most importantly external loadings,tidal currents,and increases in the phosphorus(P) release from sediment,so that most water quality characteristics in the estuary are highly interactive and dynamic.In the current study,water quality measurements were made in the laboratory and field,and a series of phosphorus release experiments was done to understand the behavior of P in an estuary lake.The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand(COD),chlorophyll-a(Chl-a),and total P(TP) showed an increasing trend when the pollutant loading of the influent stream water was high.The measurements showed increasing trends,which indicates the constituents are produced in the internal environment of the lake.When a large amount of freshwater flowed in from the upper watershed,density stratification was observed,which forms strongly because of the salinity of seawater.During the period of stratification,a hypoxic layer formed,which can accelerate P release.Comparing the open and dosed conditions of the release experiments,the P release rate was much higher under the closed condition than under the open condition.The maximum P release rates from the sediment collected from the five main sites of the lake were more than 2.5 times the P loading from the inflowing streams in April.Spatially,the release rate was higher mid-reservoir than down-reservoir where a halocline was evident The pollutant load discharged from the tributary watershed was deposited on the bottom mid-reservoir,whereas it was washed out downreservoir because of the density stratification and strong tide in that area.To sustainably manage water quality and decrease lake eutrophication in brackish environments formed by freshwater from streams mixing with seawater entering through sluice dikes,different measures than those applied in strictly freshwater environments are required.Considering the spatial characteristics of an estuary lake,these measures include 1) blocking settleable particles discharged from the rivers upstream,2) controlling hypoxia to avoid P release from the sediment and inhibiting algae growth mid-reservoir,and 3)decreasing stratification caused by the halocline down-reservoir. 相似文献
8.
望虞河引长江水入太湖水体的总磷、总氮分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
太湖流域实施的调水引流,提高了流域水资源和水环境承载能力,发挥了水利工程在改善水环境方面的综合效益,支撑了流域经济社会的可持续发展.本文在分析近年来望虞河引江水量与入湖水量及入湖水体流经太湖湖湾水体水质变化情势的基础上,分析比较了2007年以来的调水引流期间,望虞河入太湖水体总磷、总氮浓度值与太湖贡湖湾、梅梁湾、湖西及江苏省其它主要入太湖河道的总磷、总氮浓度值,并通过监测结果分析了入太湖水体总磷、可溶性总磷的衰减趋势,从而得出,长江是优质水源,调引长江水为增加太湖水环境容量、改善太湖及区域水环境状况起到了积极作用. 相似文献
9.
Horizontal distribution and transport processes of bloom-forming Microcystis in a large shallow lake (Taihu, China) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaodong Wu Fanxiang Kong Yuwei Chen Longjiang Zhang Min Zhang Peng Xing 《Limnologica》2010,40(1):8-15
The horizontal distribution of bloom-forming Microcystis in a specific lake area and the transport of Microcystis by wind-driven lake currents between Meiliang Bay and the open water of Taihu Lake were measured during continuous field observations from August 21 to 25, 2006. During the observations, the horizontal distributions of Microcystis, represented by Chlorophyll a, showed a clear concentration toward downwind lake areas. According to the lake currents and the Chl a concentrations on the boundary line between the Meiliang Bay and the open water, the transported Chl a was less than 2% of the total weight of Chl a in Meiliang Bay on August 22, 24 and 25. The results suggest that the horizontal distribution of the bloom-forming Microcystis was strongly affected by the wind conditions, and the wind-driven Microcystis accumulation was mainly determined by surface drift; the transport of Microcystis by lake currents was much less important in this large, shallow lake. 相似文献
10.
太湖不同生态类型湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水体富营养化会对整个水生态系统产生重要影响.为了解太湖富营养化对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响,于2012年3月至2013年2月对太湖3个典型湖区——藻型湖区(梅梁湾)、草型湖区(胥口湾)和强扰动湖区(湖心区)开展浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化比较研究.3个湖区中,湖心区营养水平最高,胥口湾最低.梅梁湾浮游甲壳动物密度和生物量最高,其次是湖心区,胥口湾最低.梅梁湾、湖心区和胥口湾的浮游甲壳动物年平均密度分别为199、150和91 ind./L,年平均生物量分别为1.950、1.557和0.743 mg/L.在整个研究期间,梅梁湾、胥口湾和湖心区的浮游甲壳动物种类数分别为13、11和11;3个湖区的浮游甲壳动物优势种均为中华窄腹剑水蚤和简弧象鼻溞,其中中华窄腹剑水蚤在梅梁湾、胥口湾和湖心区的年平均密度分别为57、25和36 ind./L,简弧象鼻溞在3个湖区的年平均密度分别为40、22和32 ind./L.胥口湾浮游甲壳动物生物多样性指数显著低于梅梁湾和湖心区.相关分析表明,浮游甲壳动物密度与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关.研究表明,同一湖泊不同生态类型湖区浮游甲壳动物会对水体富营养化产生不同的生态响应. 相似文献
11.
A series of experiments and simulations were performed to ascertain the rate at which phosphorus is released using a water quality model in Saemangeum Lake, an artificially constructed lake located in an estuary. The general inflow of seawater once a day contributed to the formation of a halocline in the lake water, which caused variation in the vertical concentration of dissolved oxygen. The halocline was mainly observed in the deep downstream regions of Saemangeum Lake that are close to the op... 相似文献
12.
太湖近代沉积物中重金属元素的累积 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
利用210Pb、137Cs定年技术,对来自太湖不同生态和沉积特征的三个湖区的沉积物柱状样品进行了定年,用ICP—AES分析了沉积物中重金属等元素的含量,分析了太湖沉积物中重金属的累积特征及其成因.污染较重、蓝藻水华暴发频繁的梅梁湾沉积物中的重金属含量在近25年来逐年增加;太湖上游风浪较大的夹浦湖区表层10cm沉积速率大、粒度粗,除表层1cm外,1—10cm沉积物中各种重金属含量都较低,且层间变化剧烈;下游湖区正逐渐草型化的胥口湾除表层3cm外,沉积物中重金属的含量自底层向表层大致呈不断下降的趋势.研究表明,不同年代的太湖沉积物中重金属含量差异很大,明显大于不同湖区间沉积物重金属平均含量间的差异.水动力作用引起的沉积物粒度分异很可能是影响沉积物中重金属积累的一个重要因素.总体上太湖沉积物中重金属的污染比较轻微,但已经有一定程度的Cd污染,梅梁湾沉积物中自上世纪70年代开始明显积累Cd,其他重金属元素的积累也逐渐增加,值得关注. 相似文献
13.
水丝蚓(Tubificid worms)扰动对磷在湖泊沉积物-水界面迁移的影响 总被引：20，自引：6，他引：14
为探讨水丝蚓(Tubificid worms)扰动对磷在湖泊沉积物-水界面间迁移的影响,选取太湖梅梁湾与大浦口两富营养化湖区为研究对象,通过室内培养实验,利用Rhizon间隙水采样器等技术,研究了水丝蚓扰动对太湖沉积物-水界面理化性质及溶解活性磷(SRP)在界面通量的影响.结果表明水丝蚓扰动能够增大表层沉积物含水率、氧化还原电位,减小间隙水中Fe2+浓度.水丝蚓没有显著改变梅梁湾间隙水中SRP浓度,同时促进了梅梁湾沉积物中SRP向上覆水的释放;但水丝蚓显著减小了大浦口间隙水中SRP浓度,并抑制了大浦口沉积物中SRP向上覆水的释放.水丝蚓扰动对磷在沉积物-水界面间迁移的不同影响可能是由沉积物中Fe2+含量差异较大造成的. 相似文献
14.
太湖表层沉积物磷的吸附容量及其释放风险评估 总被引：36，自引：2，他引：34
利用沉积物磷吸附指数(PSI)和磷吸附饱和度(DIS)等指标来表征太湖表层沉积物的磷吸附容量,并探讨了太湖沉积物磷吸附容量的空间变化．研究发现：草酸铵提取的磷以及活性铁、铝氧化物含量在梅梁湾东北部至五里湖一带的沉积物中较高,而在太湖南部湖区相对较低,这主要是与附近城市污水的实际贡献有着密切关系;太湖沉积物的磷吸附指数大体上有着北高南低、西高东低的分布特征,而磷吸附饱和度分布与PSI恰有相反的特征;沉积物中磷的吸附容量可能主要受到无定形的铁和铝的氧化物控制,也受沉积物有机质含量的影响．初步确定了用磷吸附指数和磷吸附饱和度来表征的湖泊沉积物磷释放风险指数概念,并应用于对太湖沉积物磷诱发的富营养化风险的评估． 相似文献
15.
梅梁湾是太湖北部最大湖湾,也是太湖生态环境问题最严重的区域之一,近年来对太湖治理力度不断加大,然而对其生态状况演变的认识尚不清晰。本文基于长期监测及文献资料,获得1980s以来太湖梅梁湾底栖动物及环境因子数据,分析底栖动物种类组成、优势种、丰度的时空变化,应用非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)和随机森林(RF)分析群落结构演变及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,梅梁湾1980—2019年共记录到44属(种)底栖动物,以摇蚊幼虫和软体动物为主,总丰度年际变化显著,40年来底栖群落结构发生显著变化,优势种经历了由较敏感的软体类为主到以耐污寡毛类、摇蚊幼虫等为主的转变。综合NMDS和随机森林分析结果,梅梁湾底栖动物群落演变大致可分为4个阶段:1980s及以前,物种多样性丰富,以河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)等大型软体动物为优势种;1990s—2007年,底栖动物群落快速退化,以耐污种占优;2008—2016年,水生态略有恢复,河蚬等清洁种略有回升;2017—2019年,耐污种优势度和丰度反弹。近40年来梅梁湾底栖动物群落变化主要受底质氮磷、有机质和水体营养盐、蓝藻水华等环境因子变化的影... 相似文献
16.
Periodical algal blooms result in deposition and release of phosphorus (P) from the sediment into the water. Therefore, during seasonal changes when algal particles begin to settle to the bottom, understanding the behavior and distribution characteristics of the P in sediment is the most important key to manage the water quality of the Saemangeum Reservoir. In this study, the variation of water quality and sediment composition including chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and P was investigated to determine the interaction between water and sediment. The study focused primarily on algal particle sedimentation that affects the P release and mineralization of sediment. The Chl-a concentration in water showed a sharp decline in October when the algae began to die in the fall, and afterward the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total P (TP) in the sediment increased due to the sedimentation of decaying algal particles in November. During the same period of time, the readily bio-available P (RAP) in the sediment showed a drastic increase in the upper region where the Chl-a concentration of water was high. In sequence, the high RAP zone shifted from the upper region to the lower region in the early winter. The RAP shift was considered to be derived from the physical flow of the overlying water from which the decomposing algae settled on the surface of the sediment. The Saemangeum Reservoir was constructed recently; therefore, all the types of inorganic P fractions except soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) that exist on the bottom surface of the lake and the marsh's sediment layer were not sufficient to significantly influence the overlying water. On the other hand, the released P from the algae was distinct and sensitive to the seasonal change. In conclusion, the algal particle sedimentation was important to control eutrophication rather than P release from the mineralized inorganic P of the sediment surface layer in the Seamangeum Reservoir. 相似文献
17.
太湖水质的动态变化及影响因子的多元分析 总被引：27，自引：11，他引：16
利用１９９１～１９９２年监测资料,分析了太湖梅梁湾和局面西太湖水域水质的动态变化。用主成分分析方法揭示出各因子间的相互关系。结果表明,水质主要因子有明显的时空变化特征,沿南北方向从湾内向湾外,ＴＰ、ＴＮ、ＣＯＤ、Ｃｈｌ－ａ和电导率明显递减,且ＴＰ和ＴＮ含量季节变化,冬季高于夏季,梁溪河口更是如此,Ｃｈｌ－ａ含量与ＴＰ、ＴＮ含量密切相关,其变化基本与水温同步,时间上略后滞。主成分分析说明,ＴＰ、ＴＮ 相似文献
18.
模拟水体pH控制条件下太湖梅梁湾沉积物中磷的释放特征 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
采用缓冲溶液控制水体pH值,模拟研究了太湖梅梁湾沉积物扰动悬浮状态下水体磷的释放规律(48h),分析了实验前后沉积物中磷的赋存形态组成及变化特征.结果表明,pH条件对沉积物磷释放具有显著影响,强酸性(pH=2.0)及碱性(pH=9.5,11.8)条件下皆利于磷的释放,但强酸性水体磷含量随时间逐渐降低,而碱性水体磷呈持续释放状态;中性条件(pH=7.2)磷的释放释放作用不明显,磷释放达到稳定状态(14b)后,碱性条件下(pH=9.5,11.8)磷释放量为酸性(pH=2.0,4.6)及中性(pH=7.2)条件下的4倍以上,通过对比释放前、后沉积物中磷的形态组成可知,酸性条件主要为钙结合态磷的释放;碱性条件主要是铁结合态磷释放,部分可发生再沉淀,转化为钙结合态磷,研究表明,梅梁湾沉积物中铁结合态磷的解析是沉积物磷的主要释放源,是水体内源磷增加的重要贡献者. 相似文献
19.
太湖浮游细菌种群基因多样性及其季节变化规律 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
为认识湖泊中浮游细菌的多样性及其变化规律,本研究采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)的方法,研究了太湖梅梁湾和湖心区浮游细菌种群16S rRNA基因多样性以及种群基因组成的季节变化特征.研究结果表明,太湖浮游细菌种群具有丰富的基因多样性.浮游细菌的丰度、DGGE条带数、种群的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson 指数和Pielou指数均呈现显著的季节变化规律:夏季及秋季浮游细菌的丰度、基因多样性及种群的均匀度较高,而冬季和春季则较低.浮游细菌种群的基因组成随时间变化.梅梁湾浮游细菌的丰度显著高于湖心.梅梁湾与湖心浮游细菌主要建群种的基因型存在显著差异. 相似文献
20.
模拟扰动条件下太湖表层沉积物磷行为的研究 总被引：83，自引：8，他引：75
利用恒温震荡器构筑的模拟扰动环境,研究了太湖水－沉积物界的磷释放和吸附行为。结果表明：表层沉积物的磷酸盐释放作用在模拟扰动条件下并不十分明显,在低强度的扰动条件下未观察到释放现象,模拟高强度扰动后,出现一个相对较强的释放过程,最大释放时沉积物上覆水浓度约为低强度扰动时的3倍,最大释放时间（Tmax)可能受磷酸盐形态分布的不同而有所差异,相比较而言,磷酸盐的吸附作用表现得十分明显迅速,沉积物上覆水磷酸盐浓度在0．5h后分别0229mg/L和l0.215mg／L下降为0．05mg/L和0.013mg/L,可以看出当上覆水磷酸盐浓度较高时,吸附作用的强度远大于释放作用,在25℃,模拟中等强度（100rpm)的模拟扰动条件下,当初始磷酸盐浓度为1．01mg/L时,梅梁湾和五里湖的表层沉积物吸附容量分别为每克千重吸附0．04mg和0.050mg磷酸盐,这种较高的吸附能力对浅水湖泊的磷酸盐缓冲作用能起到积极作用。 相似文献