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采用煤矿井下专用的小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,在山西省的晋城、潞安、汾西、华晋、阳泉、平朔、大同等矿区,完成了160个测点的地应力测量,测点地质条件涵盖了山西省煤矿大部分条件.基于实测数据,分析了地应力与测点埋深的关系,不同深度条件下煤矿矿区井下地应力状态;绘制出山西省煤矿矿区井下地应力分布图,并与震源机制解的分析结果进行了比较,得出山西省煤矿矿区井下地应力场分布特征与变化规律.煤矿井下水平应力总体上随着埋深增加而增大,但由于各矿区地质条件差异较大,导致地应力测试数据离散性也较大;埋深小于250 m的岩层应力状态主要为σH>σh>σV型,埋深处于250~500 m的岩层应力状态以σH>σV>σh型为主,埋深较大的矿区主要为σV>σH>σh型;最大水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值绝大部分集中在0.5~2.0之间,而且随着埋深增加,侧压比呈现减小的趋势,并向1附近集中;最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力的比值主要集中在1.5～2.0之间;平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值大多处于0.5～1.5,尤以0.5～1.0之间最多;山西省煤矿矿区从北到南,最大水平主应力方向发生了较大变化.北部最大水平主应力方向为NE,往南发生偏转到NNW;靠东部与西部偏向NW;靠东南部出现了多变的方向.井下实测数据与震源机制解相比在部分区域一致性较好,而在另一些区域存在明显的差异.特别是在受较大地质构造影响的区域,水平主应力方向往往发生明显的扭转和变化. 相似文献
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利用水压致裂原地应力测试技术,在乌鲁木齐市区碗窑沟断裂东段、雅玛里克断裂东段和西山断裂带中、东段开展了断层附近原地应力测量研究,得到了地表浅部构造应力的大小、方向和分布特征。钻孔HFZK3位于碗窑沟断裂东段的南侧,孔深62.13m;钻孔HFZK5位于雅玛里克断裂东段的南侧,孔深30.00m;钻孔HFZK9和HFZK12都位于西山断裂带的中、东段,孔深分别为34m和54.5m。根据实测的地应力资料,断层附近最大水平主压应力方向为NE—NEE向,与区域构造应力SN—NNE向主压方向有一些差异,说明受断层活动影响,断层附近的应力状态与区域应力场明显不同。利用地应力实测资料研究了断层的活动性,在测量深度域内水平和垂直应力的关系为σH>σh>σV,该应力状态有利于逆断层活动,与地质资料反映的以逆断层活动为主基本一致。利用库仑摩擦滑动准则,摩擦强度取0.6～1.0进行分析,断层附近的现今地应力状态达到或超过产生逆断层摩擦滑动的临界值,表明测区现今构造活动以逆断层为主。研究区的3条断层不具备发生走滑断层活动的可能性,其中雅玛里克断裂东段、西山断裂带中段和东段具有发生逆断层活动的可能性,相比而言,西山断裂带中段危险性更大 相似文献
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在全面收集和总结前人工作资料的基础上，采用野外地震地质学研究方法，结合浅层地震勘探、断层气测量、开挖探槽、年代测样等丰富的第一手资料，综合分析总结了青海省格尔木市温泉水库近场区内活动断裂的特征及其古地震形变遗迹。特别是对穿越坝体的京昆仑活动断裂进行了更为详细的研究，总结出它是全新世以来经过多期强烈活动，水平位移达40～80m，平滑速率为7．5～9．5mm／a，是古地震遗迹十分状观的一条岩石围深大断裂。 相似文献
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青藏高原北部地区构造变形特征及与强震关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对1993～1999、1999～2001年青藏高原北部地区GPS水平运动资料的非震负位错模型反演和形变应变场时空演化分析,结合地质构造和有资料积累以来的强震活动,研究块体及边界带的构造变形特征,以及与强震孕育的关系．结果表明：(1)5级以上,特别是6级左右及6级以上地震多发生在区域应变场剪切应变率或面膨胀率高值区、边缘或其附近,尤其是与区域主干断裂构造运动一致的剪切应变率高值区;形变差异显著的块体边界附近;沿块体边界断裂带的高应变积累的闭锁区段及其附近．(2)1999～2001年较1993～1999年大范围的水平运动速率明显减弱,但应变率的减弱幅度不大,可能揭示昆仑山口西8．1大震孕育对北东向的构造应力传递起了某种“阻隔和调制作用”及太平洋板块的西进作用加强．(3)目前应变场分布高值区、块体间差异运动显著的边界带及高应变积累闭锁段有阿尼玛卿断裂中东段与鄂拉山断裂交汇区、祁连山构造带中东段及与海原断裂西段交汇区、日月山一拉脊山断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂交汇区、庄浪河断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂交汇区、六盘山断裂附近． 相似文献
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对井下地电阻率观测的探测深度进行了研究，计算了均匀半空间和给定结构参数的水平层状介质模型在不同装置电极埋深下的探测深度，分析了探测深度与装置电极埋深和介质电阻率结构之间的关系，得到如下结果:①与地表观测相比，在供电极距为1 km左右时，探测深度随装置电极埋深的增大而增大，且增大的速度与装置电极埋深密切相关；当装置电极埋深h < 100 m时，探测深度的增大速度远小于装置电极埋深h≥100 m时. ②当装置电极埋深h < 50 m时，与地表观测相比探测深度增加很小，不超过10 m；当装置电极埋深相同时，供电极距越大，与地表观测相比探测深度增加得越小. ③对于水平层状电阻率均匀分层结构，在装置电极埋深相同的情况下，下伏低阻结构的探测深度显著大于下伏高阻结构.本文的研究结果表明，为了观测到深部电阻率的变化情况，首先需要查明测区电性结构，再进行综合分析，以确定井下地电阻率观测的装置电极埋深，其结果为深部电阻率变化研究提供了理论基础. 相似文献
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为了查明乌鲁木齐西山—碗窑沟断裂带地应力分布特征, 在研究区20 km×20 km的范围内布置12个基岩应力钻孔,采用水压致裂地应力测量技术进行了基岩原地应力测量;共布置了2条观测剖面,第一剖面是沿断层走向布置了7个钻孔,第二剖面在垂直断层走向布置了6个钻孔(与第一剖面共用1个钻孔).根据实测的地应力资料,断层附近最大水平主压应力方向为NE—NEE向,与区域构造应力SN—NNE向主压方向有一些差异,说明受断层活动影响,断层附近的应力状态与区域应力场明显不同.利用地应力实测资料,研究了断层的活动性,在测量深度域内水平和垂直应力的关系为σH＞σh＞σv,该应力状态有利于逆断层活动,与地质资料反映的以逆断层活动为主基本一致.利用库仑摩擦滑动准则,摩擦系数取0.6~1.0分析,断层附近的现今地应力状态达到或超过产生逆断层摩擦滑动的临界值,表明测区现今构造应力有利于逆断层活动. 相似文献
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近年来鄂尔多斯盆地东缘井区现今地应力研究匮乏.基于鄂尔多斯盆地若干区块地应力数据,通过计算拟合及数值模拟方法,深度分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘井区的现今地应力特征,讨论了岩石力学、裂缝走向和古地应场等地质因素对地应力分布的影响,提出了相应的开发建议.结果显示:鄂尔多斯盆地东缘井区地应力方向和大小分布具有一定规律性,在百米至千米级的大尺度上最大水平主应力方向与周边区域应力方向显示一致;在低尺度(十米至百米)上断裂和构造形态等地质因素造成的地应力方向异常比较明显,可作为大尺度研究结果的细化和补充.应力量值与岩石力学参数和裂缝走向具有普遍的定量关系,而地应力场引起的地应力量值变化十分显著,但目前难以定量化评价.封闭性好的断层有利于油气藏的保存,相应区域可作为油气开发的有利区块.研究为油气勘探开发的进一步规划布井提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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本文给出了新村盆地浅层地质结构的人工地震研究结果。测区第四纪复盖层厚度大于600m。400m以上观测到P_1、P_2、P_3、P_4 4个折射界面。P_1为主要界面,界面速度1.6—2.3km/s,埋深1—10m,厚度15—35m。P_2界面速度2.8—3.2km/s,埋深20—40m,厚度120—140m。P_3、P_4只在部分测线观测到。P_3界面已显示错断。 测区浅层地质结构相当复杂,速度横向变化及界面起伏较大,可以确定两条断层和一条宽度300m以上的破碎带,推测断层和构造6处。该结果为东川城市建设规划提供了基础资料,并为搞城市物探积累了经验。 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后，可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流，则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4. 相似文献
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As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10
3
Poise 相似文献
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On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors. 相似文献
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地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。 相似文献