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1.
湖泊沉积物的磁性参数是古气候、古环境的重要代用指标。通过对青海湖QI_5孔和岱海DH_(32)孔短岩心的磁化率、频率磁化率的研究,并与地球化学参数等其它资料对比,探讨了以上两个湖区历史时期古气候变化规律;论证了用磁化率、频率磁化率作为古气候、古环境指标的可靠性和敏感性;并对其变化机制进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

2.
磁化率及其环境意义   总被引:45,自引:15,他引:30       下载免费PDF全文
作为地质与环境演化过程的替代指标,磁化率被广泛地用来研究各种与古气候和环境演化相关的问题.然而,磁化率的复杂性和多解性常常被忽略.本文从磁化率的物理基础出发,系统地论述了磁化率的测量、影响磁化率的主要因素(包括磁性矿物的类型、粒径、温度、频率和外加场等),简要介绍了磁化率在海陆古环境研究中的应用.  相似文献   

3.
黄土岩石磁学参数是古气候研究中的重要指标,其中磁化率应用最为广泛,并在黄土高原地区取得重大进展,其受控于成壤作用的变化机制也被普遍接受.然而在黄土高原外缘的新疆地区,磁化率的变化机制仍不明确,导致磁化率的古气候意义在该区存在较大争议.本文选取塔里木盆地南缘具有精确年代控制的典型黄土剖面(羊场剖面)开展岩石磁学和高分辨率磁化率研究,利用交叉小波分析方法并结合剖面粒度、矿物及元素特征对该地区磁化率变化机制进行初步探讨.结果显示,羊场剖面的岩石磁学性质主要由粗颗粒软磁性矿物所控制,同时也表现出一定的顺磁性特征.根据载磁矿物和磁化率变化特征可将剖面进一步划分为两个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(8.5~2.5 ka),载磁矿物以亚铁磁性的磁铁矿为主,磁化率值整体较高;阶段Ⅱ(2.5~0.2 ka),亚铁磁性矿物依然占据主导地位,但硬磁性矿物和以黄铁矿为代表的顺磁性矿物相对增多,磁化率值显著降低.相关性研究和交叉小波分析表明:阶段Ⅰ磁化率与粗颗粒组分的变化具有一致性,符合"风速论"模式;阶段Ⅱ磁化率不仅与粗颗粒组分具有明显的正相关关系,而且与指示成壤作用强度的频率磁化率百分含量呈现出显著的负相关关系,暗示了阶段Ⅱ的磁化率变化可能受到"风速论"和"还原性成壤"模式的共同影响.本文拓宽了对新疆地区黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制的深入理解,也为利用磁化率恢复新疆及中亚地区全新世以来的古气候变化历史提供了新的线索.  相似文献   

4.
洛川黄土剖面S4古土壤及相邻黄土层分子化石与植被变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用GC-MS对洛川剖面S4古土壤及相邻L5, L4部分黄土样品的分子化石进行连续检测, 获得包括正构烷烃、正烷基-2-酮和类异戊二烯等丰富的类脂物分子, 结合剖面高密度样品室内磁化率和粒度的测定结果, 讨论了这一时期的古环境和古植被演化历史. 依据正构烷烃与磁化率和粒度的相关性, 结合CPI指标认为黄土-古土壤样品中的分子化石虽然受异地源有机质的可能影响, 但它们的相关性证明源自样品中的分子化石真实地反映了黄土-古土壤形成时期的植被状况. 正构烷烃平均碳链长度(ACL)与磁化率和粒度之间存在良好的正相关性, 在气候环境由冷干向暖湿变化时表现为较好的同步性; 但在环境恶化过程中ACL记录则相对滞后. 正构烷烃碳数分布及比值参数揭示: 在黄土沉积L5向古土壤S4过渡过程中以C29为主峰, 显示以木本输入为优势; 在古土壤S4发育时期, 以C31为主峰, 显示草本比例相对增大、木本比例相对减小, 具明显的草本输入优势. 正构烷烃分析结果揭示: 洛川剖面S4古土壤形成过程中以草本植被为主, 没有发育典型的树林植被.  相似文献   

5.
近20多年来随着中国黄土深入研究, 揭示了中国黄土地层磁化率与成土古气候温湿程度基本成正比例关系, 黄土地层磁化率也因此成为一个重要的古气候参考指标在第四纪古气候研究中, 不仅在黄土堆积物而且也在湖相和海相沉积物中广泛应用. 但是中国黄土地层磁化率与古土壤成壤强度(古气候温湿程度)呈正比的模式却不是到处都适用, 黄土高原的周边地区就有不少例外的报道. 而西伯利亚和阿拉斯加黄土则显示出另一极端的情形, 一个完全相反的磁化率特点: 在气候干冷期的黄土层获高值, 而在气候温湿期的古土壤层获低值. 过去的研究一直认为, 其磁化率主要是反映古风力大小的变化, 与成土作用基本无关. 磁学测量研究发现, 西伯利亚黄土和古土壤的差别, 不仅有颗粒从大到小的变化, 而且还有矿物组分变化: 如磁赤铁矿从多到少, 最后完全消失并取而代之出现了完全不同热磁行为的另一种矿物. 这种矿物相变现象难以用单纯的风力强弱来解释. 说明中国黄土和西伯利亚黄土可能存在两种不同的机制模式: 中国黄土高原大部分处于蒸发量大于降雨量的干旱氧化环境, 适当的水分或降雨有利于细小的磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿的形成, 使得磁化率与古气候呈正比. 而西伯利亚以及相应的高纬度地区, 地理上属苔原或苔缘地区, 湿润是该区域基本特点. 间冰期更加温湿的气候使其湿润增加以致过剩, 导致地表成土环境向还原方向移动. 它使得喜氧化的强磁性矿物磁赤铁矿和磁铁矿渐趋不稳定, 并逐渐转化形成适合其还原环境的弱磁性矿物如褐铁矿或其他铁的硫化物. 间冰期气候越潮湿, 还原程度也越高, 强磁性矿物就被损耗得越多. 正是这种高纬度的成土作用可能是导致其古土壤磁化率比黄土更低的主导因素之一.  相似文献   

6.
末次冰期以来陆地植被中C3/C4植物相对丰度变化及其驱动因素是当前古生态古气候研究中的重要内容.本文利用雷州半岛北部下录和屋山两处泥炭沉积有机碳同位素组成(δ13Corg)重建了该区域末次冰期以来C3/C4植物相对丰度演化历史,并探讨了其可能的驱动因素.结果表明,在MIS-3阶段初期,屋山地区的植被以C3和C4混合植被为主,在此后的MIS-3阶段绝大部分时期,下录和屋山地区的植被主要为C3植被,在个别时段C4植物也曾一度有所扩张;在MIS-2阶段,下录地区C3植物含量显著降低,区域植被以C4植物为主;在全新世初期,下录地区的C3植物含量呈现出增加趋势,气候环境变得有利于C3植物生长.对比研究表明,由于在末次冰期乃至冰期最盛期阶段,雷州半岛地区的气温下降幅度可能仅在5~8℃左右,温度足以满足C3/C4植物的生长需要,从而使得受东亚夏季风强度直接影响的降水增多或减少成为控制本区域C3/C4植物相对丰度变化的主导因素.此外,大气CO2浓度可能对该地区C3/C4植物相对丰度变化也具有一定的影响.  相似文献   

7.
利用云南省地震局遥测台网记录的地震波形资料,采用多流逝时间窗分析方法,得到了云南地区不同台站的散射衰减和吸收衰减,并通过单次散射模型得到了不同台站的尾波衰减.研究结果显示,云南地区的散射衰减、吸收衰减、总衰减和尾波衰减空间分布以金沙江—红河断裂带为界,均表现出西部低,东部高的特征.云南地区地震波衰减以吸收为主,2~4 Hz、4~8 Hz、8~16 Hz三个频带各台站的吸收衰减Q-1i均大于散射衰减Q-1c,1~2 Hz除个别台站的吸收衰减明显小于散射衰减,其它台站均大于或接近散射衰减.尾波衰减Q-1c在1~2 Hz稍大于吸收衰减而小于总衰减,在2~4 Hz、4~8 Hz、8~16 Hz与总衰减接近,个别台站大于总衰减Q-1t.云南地区散射衰减与频率的关系为Q-1s=0.0138f-1.61,吸收衰减与频率的关系为Q-1i=0.0119f-0.86,总衰减与频率的关系为Q-1t=0.0247f-1.1,尾波衰减与频率的关系为Q-1c=0.0129f-0.71.与世界其它地区相比,云南地区的散射衰减处于中等偏低的水平,吸收衰减处于中等偏高的水平.  相似文献   

8.
浅议中国黄土磁化率的物理意义   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
中国的陆相黄土地层连续地记录了第四纪以来的古气候变化。基于中国黄土磁化率曲线与深海氧同位素记录具有可比性这一事实,磁化率作为一种气候替代性指标在黄土研究中得到广泛的应用。但是,磁化率的物理意义仍不清楚。本文作者对陕西榆林蔡家沟剖面末次间冰期以来的风成沉积作了研究,指出黄土、古土壤的磁化率差异不仅与前人提出的碳酸盐淋失、空隙度变化、“就地”新生成磁性矿物等作用有关,而且还可能与有机质有重要关系。有机  相似文献   

9.
丁志华  崔月菊  唐杰 《中国地震》2022,38(3):494-502
基于高光谱遥感数据,通过RST算法提取2020年7月12日唐山5.1级地震前不同参数异常信息,发现震前CH4、CO、H2O、O3均出现了高值异常,且异常均位于震中附近,异常幅度高于2倍均方差,CH4、CO、H2O异常机理不同于O3。通过统计2018—2020年CH4、CO、H2O三种气体出现频次,发现同步异常具有可靠性,认为高光谱多参数异常出现的同步性,可提高异常性质判定的信度。通过对不同参数进行连续跟踪观测,提取多参数同步异常信息,对地震短临预报具有一定参考意义。  相似文献   

10.
风成黄土是陆地上分布最广泛的沉积物之一,记载了各种古气候演化信息.目前巴基斯坦的黄土研究甚少,磁化率与气候对应的变化机制研究尚未开展.本文对位于巴基斯坦印度河平原Bahawalpur地区新发现的黄土-古土壤剖面进行系统的岩石磁学研究,结合粒度和漫反射光谱(DRS)数据,讨论巴基斯坦黄土的磁化率变化机制.实验结果显示:Bahawalpur(BH)剖面黄土层主要的载磁矿物为磁铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,磁性颗粒以原生的MD和PSD颗粒为主.相对于黄土层,古土壤层则是以针铁矿为主,含有顺磁性矿物和少量磁铁矿.BH剖面磁化率与成土作用关系和中国黄土高原典型剖面相反,磁化率的变化可能存在一个阈值12.8×10-8 m3·kg-1,在阈值之上,强磁性矿物(磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿)占主导;阈值之下,以弱磁性矿物(主要是针铁矿)为主,这种磁性矿物的转变可能导致磁化率降低.本文可为今后利用磁化率解读该地区地层蕴含的古气候信息提供新线索.  相似文献   

11.
湖泊沉积物是记录气候演化信息的重要载体之一,在探讨过去气候变化过程研究中发挥重要作用.然而,沉积物中的许多代用指标对气候的指示意义存在多解性,不同指标所反映的环境信息相互之间有时会存在矛盾.为了能够更准确地解读湖泊沉积物中指标所记录的环境变化信息,开展现代湖泊沉积物指标与环境之间的关系研究,深入探讨各指标对环境变化的响应机制尤为关键.本文选取青藏高原东南部巴松措湖泊表层沉积物作为研究对象,利用210Pb与137Cs比活度检测结果建立年代序列,对沉积物中粒度、磁化率、有机质含量等指标进行分析,揭示巴松措现代沉积过程.结合沉积物粒度端元组分分析结果,并将不同指标变化与林芝气象站所记录的数据资料进行对比,得出以下主要结论:该地区沉积物来源主要包括径流搬运的冰川碎屑物质和来自青藏高原南部、西南部上空悬浮于大气中的风成物质两部分;其中,通过风力搬运的物质输入主要集中在冬半年,受季节性风向及风速变化影响明显;径流受到冰雪融水与夏季降水的补给,因此通过径流搬运的物质输入量受到温度与降水综合影响;湖泊中磁性矿物碎屑的产生和输入主要受区域降水量影响的流域侵蚀速率变化控制,该湖泊沉积物磁化率波动可以有效的指示该地区降水量变化;沉积物中总有机碳含量和总氮含量变化主要反映湖泊自身初级生产力的变化,对区域温度变化的响应显著.  相似文献   

12.
Gega lake, in southeastern Tibet, was formed by the blocking of Yarlung Tsangpo gorge by a glacier and is a well-known example of geomorphological damming. However, the evolution of the damming process at the site is still not understood in detail. Here, we use measurements of multiple magnetic parameters of the sediments from the Yusong (YS) 3 section, which is well-dated by optically stimulated luminescence, to provide a detailed history of the late stage of Gega dammed lake since 17.0 ka. Low-frequency field magnetic susceptibility (χlf) increases upwards gradually from 25 to 79?×?10?8 m3/kg above 5.5 m, but other magnetic properties, such as frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χfd % and χfd), susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χARM), and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) did not show a similar degree of enhancement. The magnetic grain size indicators of χARM/χlf, χARM/SIRM, and χlf/SIRM all indicate a trend of increasing magnetic grain size from the 5.5 m to the top of section; however, the bulk sediment grain size decreases gradually within the same interval. The total organic carbon is very low (0.2–0.7%), and thus, it is unlikely that the sedimentary environment is sufficiently strongly reducing to lead to the dissolution of magnetic minerals. Therefore, we infer that the coarsening-upwards of the magnetic grain size, and the increasing magnetic susceptibility from 5.5 m, reflect the gradual preferential preservation of magnetic minerals, caused by the deepening of the lake. Thus, we interpret the magnetic record of the section as reflecting the gradual deepening of the late stage of Gega ice-dammed lake. Last, the abrupt disappearance of the lake may have resulted in an outburst flood.  相似文献   

13.
Measurements of ‘quadrature’ susceptibility (Xq) at low and high frequency on seabottom sediments of the Gulf of Elefsis supplement the results derived from the study of magnetic susceptibility (X) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) (Scoullos et al., 1979) and make possible the distinction between the background soil erosional fraction and that of anthropogenic combustion origin. New devices speed up the on-site appraisal of the impact of discharges on marine sediment quality.  相似文献   

14.
Accelerated erosion of fine‐grained sediment is an environmental problem of international dimensions. Erosion control strategies and targeting of mitigation measures require robust and quantitative identification of sediment sources. Here, we use magnetic ‘fingerprinting’ to characterize soils, and examine their affinity with and contribution to suspended sediments transported within two subcatchments feeding Bassenthwaite Lake, northwest England. A high‐resolution soil magnetic susceptibility survey was made using a field susceptometer (ZH Instruments, SM400 probe). Combining the spatial and vertical (down‐profile) soil magnetic data, a subset of soil profiles was selected for detailed, laboratory‐based magnetic remanence analyses. The magnetic properties of the catchment soils are highly particle size‐dependent. Magnetic analyses were performed on the 31–63 µm fraction, for particle size‐specific comparison both with the suspended sediments and lake sediments. Fuzzy cluster analysis groups the soil magnetic data into six clusters, apparently reflecting variations in parent material and horizon type, with three magnetically hard soils as unclassified outliers. Examination of the cluster affinity of the soils, suspended sediments and lake sediments indicates that topsoils of the upper Newlands Valley and subsoils around Keskadale Beck are a major source of the Newlands Beck suspended load, and the recent (post‐nineteenth century) sediments in the deep lake basin. Older lake sediments show strong affinity with a small number of the Derwent suspended sediments and one of the Glenderamackin soils. A large number of Derwent suspended sediments show no affinity with any of the soils or lake sediments, instead forming a coherent, discrete and statistically unclassified group, possibly resulting from mixing between the magnetically hard subsoils of the medium to high‐altitude Glenderamackin and Troutbeck areas and softer, lower altitude Glenderamackin soils. The lack of any affinity of these suspended sediments with the lake sediments may indicate deposition along the Derwent flood plain and/or in the shallow delta of Lake Bassenthwaite. Particle size‐specific magnetic fingerprinting is thus shown to be both highly discriminatory and quantitatively robust even within the homogeneous geological units of this catchment area. Such a methodological approach has important implications for small–large scale catchment management where sources of sediment arising from areas with uniform geology have been difficult to determine using other approaches, such as geochemical or radionuclide analyses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
Sediment yields estimated from contemporary stream monitoring of suspended sediment in the Merevale forested catchment, North Warwickshire, were compared with the sediment yield record obtained from analysis of lake sediment in the downstream reservoir. Total sediment volume and mass for nine periods since 1861 were calculated by extrapolation of synchronous levels in 54 cores, identified from magnetic susceptibility and other magnetic measurements, and by using 210Pb and 137Cs analysis to provide an absolute sediment chronology. Sediment yield estimated from the two methods show comparable but low (50-200 kg ha?1 yr?1) levels of sediment loss. While suggesting that lake sediments can be a useful means for extending the period over which contemporary monitoring exists, the study stresses the need for detailed historical records of land use and climate against which long term sediment yield records can be evaluated.  相似文献   

16.
近1200 a来黄河下游梁山泊沉积记录的环境变迁   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用梁山泊670 cm柱状岩芯沉积物,基于精确的AMS-~(14)C年代测定,通过高分辨率的粒度、磁化率、总有机碳、C/N比值等环境代用指标的综合分析,并结合历史文献记载,初步揭示了1200 a来黄河下游地区平原湖泊沉积特征及环境演化历史.结果表明,梁山泊环境演化大致分为5个阶段:790-940 AD期间,为低湖面的沼泽沉积环境,气候冷干;940-1215 AD期间,屡次受到黄河决溢洪水影响,湖盆扩张,湖泊水位上升,为梁山泊极盛期,气候暖湿;1215-1310 AD期间,黄河夺淮入黄海,湖区淤积严重,湖泊萎缩减小;1310-1470 AD期间,再次受到黄河决溢洪水影响,水位上升,面积扩张,但逊于极盛期;1470 AD至现代,黄河河道进一步南移,远离梁山泊,湖盆淤积抬高,梁山泊最终消失,直到1855AD,黄河第6次大改道北移,湖泊再次受到黄河洪水影响,由于前期受到泥沙淤积抬高,该地区仅作为黄河泥沙承载区.在气候变化大背景下,黄河改道决溢是梁山泊演化的主因.  相似文献   

17.
The magnetic properties of the infill of the Karaïn cave in Turkey were compared to the results of a sedimentological study on three longitudinal sections. The sediments of this site, namely cavity E, cover a period of ca. 500 ka and correspond to a large part of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. The evolution observed for the various magnetic parameters is mainly related to climatic changes which followed one another during the infilling history of the cave. Two preconditions are necessary to understand the environmental magnetism, namely both the identification and the quantification of different magnetic phases (components) in the sediments, expressed by the ratio of the various magnetic parameters and the analysis of the magnetization curves. The results obtained through the study of the different magnetic parameters (low-field initial bulk (κlf) and mass (χlf) magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependence of the magnetic susceptibility (χfd), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), hysteresis parameters, anhysteretic susceptibility, ...) on 171 samples allowed us: 1 — to follow the nature, size and source of the grains at each level, and 2 — to identify six alternating levels, having different magnetic susceptibility signatures during warm, damp periods, in which the contribution of prehistorical hominidae (Homo Sapiens or Homo Neandertalensis) and animals, could have modified the original sedimentary structures.This study, in agreement with the sedimentological results, suggests a significant difference between sandy or sandy-silty levels (3 and 5) and those rich in clays and concretions. The sandy or sandy-silty levels are mainly characterized by a low amount of antiferromagnetic type grains, likely goethite and hematite, dominated by single-domain size (SD) and a small content of ferrimagnetic type grains, likely magnetite of multidomain size (MD), inherited from the host rock. Antiferromagnetic grains did not develop and were a priori drifted by the wind. They could be contemporaneous with a cold climate.The clays and clayey-silty levels are characterized by a large amount of superparamagnetic (SP) and SD grains, and a high content of low coercivity magnetic grains (magnetite, maghemite and Ti-magnetite). The saturation remanent magnetization (SIRM) of clayey levels is 5 to 10 times higher than that of sandy levels. The clayey levels are contemporaneous with a humid climate, which favoured the formation of secondary iron oxides, of stalagmitic floors and calcite concretions and of the emplacement of local pedogenesis phenomena, mainly at the top of the infill, i.e. in Level 6.  相似文献   

18.
Because of the different geochemical behaviour of rubidium and strontium in earth surface processes, variations of the Rb/Sr ratios in lake sediments were used as a geochemical proxy of chemical weathering and past climate in a single watershed. Low magnetic susceptibility, low CaCO3, low Sr concentration and, hence, high Rb/Sr ratio in the lake sediments indicate weak chemical weathering under a cold but wet climate during the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the closed Daihai Lake watershed. The concordant change in both Sr and CaCO3 concentrations with δ18O values in the Dunde ice core suggests that weak chemical weathering during the wet LIA was controlled by air temperature. After the LIA, however, precipitation played a dominant role in chemical weathering. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
1860年以来博斯腾湖碳沉积过程演变   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
选取博斯腾湖3个不同点位岩芯,在210Pb和137Cs年代序列基础上,利用沉积物中的各理化指标,分析了该湖碳沉积的时空变化特征,结合各指标的相关性、沉积速率、C/N、同位素特征等,探讨了该湖1860年以来碳沉积环境的变化过程,为干旱区湖泊碳埋藏研究提供了依据.结果表明:1860-1910年,沉积速率相对较小,受人类活动影响较小,磁化率、中值粒径、总无机碳(TIC)较为稳定,总有机碳(TOC)含量相对较低,此时该湖有较多陆源有机质的输入;1910-1950年,湖泊西部浅水域沉积速率明显高于东部深水区,西北湖区水域有大量外源物质的输入,而湖泊初级生产力较低,内源贡献相对较小;1950-1980年,全湖TOC、TIC含量均呈现升高的趋势,尤其是西北近黄水沟水域升高最快,湖泊内源贡献在增加,陆源组分的输入相对前一阶段要少;1980-2002年,沉积速率快速升高,尤其湖泊东部水域最为明显,TOC含量均呈现升高的趋势,湖泊西部水域初级生产力要高于东部深水区,湖面蒸发较强,气候比较温暖;2002年以来,全湖沉积速率相对较高,外源有机质贡献较小.过去150年博斯腾湖沉积物碳累积速率整体上呈现出升高的趋势,尤其是近50年来快速升高,东部湖区碳累积速率比西部湖区高.  相似文献   

20.
Understanding the past is the key to know thepresent and to predict the future. As a core project ofthe International Geosphere Biosphere Program, PastGlobal Changes (PAGES) aims to reconstruct theevolution history of global climate, global environ-ment and global ecosystem with resort to all kinds ofnatural records, so as to reveal the change rules(change processes, change amplitude and change rate)of the global environment and thus provide scientificbasis for predicting climate changes p…  相似文献   

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