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1.
对《21ka BP青藏高原有远高于现代降水量的可能性吗》的回复 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
施雅风先生在《21kaBP青藏高原有远高于现代降水量的可能性吗》[1](以下简称《可能性》)文章中对《中国21kaBP气候模拟的初步试验》[2](以下简称《21ka试验》)一文提出几点质疑,归纳起来主要有如下三个方面:1)模拟青藏高原的降水量超过了由化石花粉记录和古冰川遗迹推算的降水量.2)虽然青藏高原有4个高湖面记录,但其湿润似应由于低温、低蒸发引起的,而不是如《21ka试验》模拟的由高降水量造成的.3)刘晓东等学者对美国CCM0古气候模拟结果的诊断分析,表明青藏高原的7月降水比现代减少30%,而《21ka试验》模拟了年降水量比现代大大增加.施先… 相似文献
2.
由中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所于革研究员等撰写的《古气候动力学与中国古湖泊数据库———重建晚第四纪古气候古水文》一书日前由气象出版社出版 .该书介绍了古湖泊数据库和古气候模拟基本理论、方法和最新研究成果 .全书共分十章 ,内容包括 :(1)国内外古气候动力学研究现状和有关基本问题 ;(2 )古湖泊数据库建立的基本原理和方法 ,以及中国第四纪湖泊数据库基本内容和成果 ;(3)水热平衡模式和古降水量估算 ;(4)全球大气环流模式、模式运行和控制试验 ;(5 ) 2 1ｋａＢＰ和 6ｋａＢＰ古气候模拟试验和结果分析 ;(6 )区域大气环流模式和… 相似文献
3.
XRF岩芯扫描技术是古气候研究中的重要工具,其中所获得的基于湖泊岩芯的Rb/Sr比值在古气候研究中被广泛用于表征流域化学风化的强度.然而在不同的地质背景下,影响Rb/Sr比值变化的因素不同,使得其古气候解释意义较为复杂.本研究选取青藏高原东部若尔盖盆地的湖泊沉积物岩芯,获取了高分辨率的XRF岩芯扫描Rb/Sr比值、传统XRF测试Rb/Sr比值、化学蚀变指数CIA以及其他古气候替代指标,开展了不同指标间的对比分析.研究结果显示:(1)在细粒物质为主的沉积段,岩芯扫描Rb/Sr和CIA可作为指示化学风化强度的可靠指标;(2)岩芯扫描Rb/Sr和CIA的低值对应于总有机碳含量、乔木花粉含量、碳酸盐含量和C/N比值的高值,综合分析各古气候代用指标的指示意义,认为岩芯扫描Rb/Sr可指示亚洲夏季风强度的变化;(3)受"粒度效应"和测试精度限制,若尔盖岩芯25~0.3和56~47m沉积段的扫描Rb/Sr数据不适用于化学风化强度的重建,在今后若尔盖盆地古气候演化历史的重建工作中应加以注意.本研究指出,当涉及XRF岩芯扫描Rb/Sr在其他研究区古气候分析中的应用时,应通过多指标间的相互验证来明确其特有的古气候指示意义. 相似文献
4.
大量地质证据表明,上新世以来(最近5 MaB.P.)青藏高原北部及非洲东部和南部地区出现过显著的构造隆升,而与此同时亚洲季风也经历了显著变化,这两者之间是否存在着因果联系一直是地学界所关心和争论的一个重要科学问题.本文利用美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)的公用大气模式(CAM 3.1)就上新世以来青藏高原北部及东-南非高原的构造隆升对亚洲夏季风气候变化的影响进行了数值试验研究.结果表明,上新世以来亚洲夏季风的增强与两地构造隆升密切相关,但两者隆升对于亚洲季风子系统的作用是有区别的.青藏高原北部隆升主要造成东亚北部夏季风的增强及季风降水的增多,但对南亚夏季风的作用较小;东-南非高原的隆升明显增强南亚夏季风,但对东亚北部夏季风的影响有限. 相似文献
5.
古气候模拟对研究古气候变化,检验模式模拟与现代气候状况完全不同的古气候的能力,以及未来气候预测等都具有重要的科学和社会意义.国际古气候对比项目(PMIP,Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project)开展十多年来,取得了许多成果,我国科学家在古气候模拟方面也做了相当的研究.本文通过介绍古气候模拟的方法,评述PMIP试验和其研究成果以及中国科学家所做的研究工作,以使人们更多地了解古气候模拟研究工作的重要意义. 相似文献
6.
末次冰期南京石笋高分辨率气候记录与GRIP冰芯对比 总被引：42，自引：4，他引：38
对采自南京汤山洞穴一支长400余mm的石笋进行了高精度TIMS-U系定年和氧碳同位素测试,建立了末次冰期中晚期(54000～19000aBP)中国东部高分辨率的古气候变化时间序列.从石笋氧同位素变化曲线中,不仅检出东亚夏季风降水史中的Heinrich事件,而且首次发现了末次冰期东亚夏季风活动区气候变化同样存在着Dansgaard-Oeschger旋回,与极地GRIP冰芯记录有良好的对比关系.但明显的差别主要有(1)中国东部气候变化的干冷化趋势十分明显,由石笋氧同位素曲线构成的连续4个Bond旋回,迭覆在末次冰期长期变冷的气候背景上,可能与青藏高原MIS3阶段特强夏季风事件有关;(2)石笋气候曲线反映的干冷事件与GRIP冰芯中的对应事件存在1000～2000a的相位差,似有必要考虑不同测年方法相互校正问题. 相似文献
7.
边界层参数化方案及海气耦合对WRF模拟东亚夏季风的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
区域气候模式的边界层参数化方案很大程度上影响着陆地-海洋-大气间水汽、动量及热量的交换,该方案的不确定性会给模式结果带来明显误差.本文基于WRF区域气候模式中四种常用的边界层参数化方案(YSU,ACM2,BouLac和MYJ)分别对东亚夏季风进行模拟研究,分析了不同的边界层方案对东亚夏季风环流及降水模拟的影响.结果表明,局地湍流动能方案BouLac和MYJ对东亚夏季风的模拟结果相对于非局地闭合方案YSU和ACM2更接近于观测,前者能更好的模拟出中国东部中低空西南风气流和西太平洋副热带高压.对于东亚夏季风降水,无论是空间分布还是季节内演变,BouLac和MYJ方案都要明显优于YSU和ACM2.此外,通过对比YSU和BouLac两种方案的模拟结果,发现边界层方案对东亚夏季风的模拟在海洋区域的影响更为显著.造成不同方案模拟差异的主要原因是非局地方案YSU和ACM2的边界层垂直混合偏强,使得海表向上输送的潜热通量明显偏强,对流更活跃,导致降水偏多以及相应季风环流的异常偏差.进一步研究指出缺少海气反馈过程使得WRF模式由边界层方案引起的模拟误差在海洋区域更为突出,引入海气耦合可以减小海表热通量误差并明显改善东亚夏季风的模拟结果. 相似文献
8.
东亚中全新世的气候模拟及其温度变化机制探讨 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
大量地质证据证实了东亚和北美中全新世(6 kaBP)全年和冬夏季气温高于现代.然而,国际上PMIP计划下18个模式的古气候模拟结果未能捕捉北半球大陆中低纬地区冬季升温的气候特征.这些古气候模拟的冬季降温与地质资料揭示的冬季升温存在着巨大差异,反映出仅仅在太阳辐射变化驱动下的古气候模拟存在重大缺陷. 使用含有陆面过程的全球9层大气环流谱模式(AGCM+SSiB),采用现代植被和中全新世植被预置的不同下垫面对6 kaBP气候及其植被影响进行了模拟试验.古植被强迫下的模拟结果表明,中全新世时东亚地区各季均出现升温.尤其是模拟的冬季增温与地质资料重建的气候特征接近,反映了除太阳辐射的变化外,植被的变化对东亚地区中全新世的增温有着重要作用.该模拟结果的意义在于:(1)用具有物理机制的数值化模型并采用实际下垫面边界条件,能够较好地模拟出中全新世气候特征;(2)从动力机制的角度揭示了中全新世气候与现代气候存在巨大差别的原因在于辐射变化和下垫面植被变化;(3)中全新世下垫面植被的改变引起的地表反射率变化使得东亚陆面与西太平洋表面的热力差异随季节发生变化,因而中全新世夏季风环流增强,而冬季风环流减弱,冷空气活动受到抑制,使得中国区域冬季温度增加, 形成暖冬气候特征. 相似文献
9.
传统的孢粉-古气候定量重建评估主要衡量校准集对现代气候状况的模拟结果或化石样品与校准集样品的可比程度,客观上导致特定地点重建气候参数的取舍缺少明确标准.基于国际上通过随机数据开展定量重建显著性检验的新方法,充分利用中国环境梯度大、植被类型丰富、现代表土孢粉数据完善等优势,提出一种孢粉-古气候参数定量重建的新思路:首先确定控制化石孢粉组成变化最主要环境因子,随后通过限制其他环境因子来构造校准集以开展该因子的定量重建,最后完成重建结果显著性评估.将该思路应用于分别位于黄土高原东、西两侧的吕梁山公海和六盘山天池化石孢粉序列,所获得的年降水量P_(ann)定量重建不仅具有统计上的显著性(p0.001),且相互间在共同时段表现出良好、稳定的相关关系,均指示了约3300cal a BP以来的东亚夏季风降水快速下降,显示其具备降低基于孢粉的古气候参数定量重建不确定性的较大潜力. 相似文献
10.
花粉植被化模拟的中国中全新世植被分布 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
花粉植被化模拟通过现代花粉与植被的类比 ,进行古植被模拟和制图 ,是国际全球变化中古植被和古气候研究的重要途径 .对表土花粉的初步测试表明它能够模拟出中国现代主要植被类型 .对 6ka花粉资料运行的结果显示了中国东部的森林植被向北推移约 30 0～ 5 0 0km .西北部荒漠植被和草原植被面积大大缩小 ,青藏高原苔原植被显著地退缩 .该研究对全球 6ka植被制图有重要输入 . 相似文献
11.
巴丹吉林沙漠气候干旱,蒸发强烈,与之形成鲜明对比的是沙漠腹地湖泊群的长久不衰,目前对于湖泊水分的补给来源仍存在争议.本文以水量均衡为基础,在苏木吉林湖区开展了降水、蒸发及湖水位和地下水位的动态监测,结合已有的水文地质资料建立地下水流动三维模型,重现湖区地下水位的季节动态变化,并基于模型进行水均衡分析.结果表明:苏木吉林湖区降水入渗补给量不足以平衡湖泊蒸发量,湖泊需要深层承压水的越流补给;湖水位和地下水位均呈现正弦曲线形态,11月最低,4月达到峰值,水位变幅分别为22和18 cm;湖区地下水多年平均总补给量为11620 m3/d,其中降水和承压水越流分别约占13%和87%,降水补给量夏季高、冬季低,承压水越流补给量季节变化不明显;承压水越流补给量可能主要来源于沙漠周边山区降水,未发现明显的水量亏空需要断裂导水来弥补.研究结果为巴丹吉林沙漠地下水资源分析及合理利用提供科学依据. 相似文献
12.
2007年7月至2008年5月,按季度对丹江口水库4个区域(丹江库区、汉江库区、取水口、五青入库区)14个采样点进行大型底栖动物调查.共采集到底栖动物61种,主要由寡毛类(颤蚓科、仙女虫科)和摇蚊科组成.其中,寡毛类密度在全年中占优势地位,占底栖动物总密度的90%以上;生物量的优势种则主要为软体动物.空间分布上,底栖动物密度以汉江库区最高(大坝前:33792ind./m~2),丹江库区次之,取水口和五青入库区的密度相对较低,且五青入库区偶尔出现0密度的样品;生物量则由于丹江库区和取水口经常有软体动物出现而导致该区域内生物量相对较高.季节变化上,密度分布为夏季春季秋季冬季;生物量也呈现出类似的分布,但秋季和冬季差别较小.采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Goodnight-Whitley生物指数、Wright生物指数及Carlander生物量法对丹江口水库水质进行评价,比较而言,Goodnight-Whitley指数不适宜用于丹江口水库的水质评价;而综合利用其它三种方法进行评价的结果表明:取水口为轻污染状态,丹江库区为轻-中污染,汉江库区为中-重污染;五青入库区由于水深太浅,底栖动物生境易受外界影响导致群落波动较大,因此不宜采用底栖动物作为评价指标. 相似文献
13.
A. E. Stepanov I. A. Golikov V. I. Popov E. D. Bondar’ V. L. Khalipov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2011,51(5):633-639
Narrow jets of rapid westward ion drifts were registered near the plasmapause projection at the F-region altitudes on the Cosmoc-184 satellite and were called “a polarization jet.” In this work, the effect of this polarization
jet on the ionospheric structure has been studied, using a three-dimensional model of the high-latitude ionosphere, when strong
local magnetospheric electric fields were originated. The calculations indicated that a narrow trough in the latitudinal variations
in the electron density at the F-region maximum was formed in the zone where the electric field was switched on. This trough was more pronounced in the early
evening hours, when the electron background density was still high, and was less distinct at low back-ground levels during
premidnight hours. A comparison of the calculations and experimental data indicated that they were in good agreement with
one another, which made it possible to state that the polarization jet was the main mechanism by which narrow electron density
troughs were formed in the subauroral ionosphere. 相似文献
14.
Drastic groundwater resource depletion due to excessive extraction for irrigation is a major concern in many parts of India. In this study, an attempt was made to simulate the groundwater scenario of the catchment using ArcSWAT. Due to the restriction on the maximum initial storage, the deep aquifer component in ArcSWAT was found to be insufficient to represent the excessive groundwater depletion scenario. Hence, a separate water balance model was used for simulating the deep aquifer water table. This approach is demonstrated through a case study for the Malaprabha catchment in India. Multi‐site rainfall data was used to represent the spatial variation in the catchment climatology. Model parameters were calibrated using observed monthly stream flow data. Groundwater table simulation was validated using the qualitative information available from the field. The stream flow was found to be well simulated in the model. The simulated groundwater table fluctuation is also matching reasonably well with the field observations. From the model simulations, deep aquifer water table fluctuation was found very severe in the semi‐arid lower parts of the catchment, with some areas showing around 60 m depletion over a period of eight years. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Through a set of observations including satellite, cruise and mooring data during May-July 1997 the transition between the downwelling and upwelling regimes off Galicia has been characterized. The poleward flow, typical of downwelling, was associated with a series of mesoscale eddies and interacted with coastal freshwater inputs. The poleward flow along the continental slope was separated into an offshore branch and a nearshore branch by a well-defined equatorward flow and both associated with a prominent salinity maximum. With the onset of upwelling-favorable winds, equatorward flow was established over the entire shelf. At the same time, a buoyant, warm surface layer spread out over the shelf from the Rías as water previously forced in by southerly winds was flushed out by the upwelling winds. The completed transition to summertime coastal upwelling took place after the cruise but was evident in satellite images. A conceptual model is used to demonstrate that the coastal orientation with respect to the upwelling winds enhances offshore flow outside the Rías and displaces the poleward flow offshore after several days of upwelling. 相似文献
16.
The interaction between the fundamental mode surface Rayleigh waves and the buried heterogeneities with various sizes and different velocity contrasts was studied on base numerical simulation. The field of surface oscillations in the proximity of the scattering heterogeneities was computed as a function of frequency. The synthetic seismograms were used for numerical simulation of the microseismic sounding technology proposed earlier, implying that the solution of the inverse problem for the structure of the medium containing inclusions can be derived from the information contained in the ambient microseismic field. It is assumed that the depth of the layer to be reconstructed is linked with the frequency of the microseisms by a simple relation with the help of a numerical coefficient equal to 0.4–0.5. The combined results of the simulation of a direct problem together with the simple inverse problem solution show that the microseismic sounding technique ensures adequate estimation of the medium structure. Previously, the technology was based on the experimental data only and was phenomenological in character. Some relations between the velocity parameters of the original model heterogeneities and their reconstructed images were also studied. 相似文献
17.
以河南地区（31°—37°N,110°—117°E）1970—2020年11月地震目录作为研究资料,采用G—R关系法、震级—序号法和最大曲率法测定不同时段最小完整性震级Mc。结果显示,1970—1979年由于研究区内台站数量少,Mc约为ML 2.5;1980—2001年为稳定的模拟观测时期,地震监测能力有所提升,Mc约为ML 2.3;2002—2007年大量模拟观测台站停测,Mc上升至ML 2.6。2008—2020年11月,G—R关系法、震级—序号法和最大曲率法均显示Mc为ML1.5。 相似文献
18.
Linkage between the second uplifting of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau and the initiation of the Asian monsoon system 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
During the period from 25 to 17 Ma BP, when the second plateau uplifting, i.e. the second phase of the Himalaya movement,
occurred, the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau reached an altitude high enough to chbge the situation of the general circulation. Such
an effect of the plateau on the atmospheric circulation was accompanied by the warrning of the tropical ocean, the enhancement
of the cross equatorial current, the enlargement of the marginal sea basins in the east-southeastern Asia, the westward extending
of the Asian continent and the regression of the Paratethys Sea. As a result, the thermal difference was enlarged, and the
air currents were enhanced between continents and oceans; finally the Asian monsoon system, mainly the summer monsoon, was
initiated. The former planet wind system was then substituted by the monsoon system, and this caused the important environmental
changes, such as the large shrinkage of the dry steppe in Central Asia, and the extension of the humid forest zone in East
Asia. Thme changes have been dated at 21.8 Ma BP on the Lingxia profile in the northeastern border of the Tibet Plateau, when
the savanna was transformed into the forest.
Project supported by the National Climbing Project and Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ951-A1-204) 相似文献
19.
20.
Analysis of the influence of Taihu Lake and the urban heat islands on the local circulation in the Yangtze Delta 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The influences of human activities on regional climate and weather are tremendous. The re-gional temperature and the distributing of wind field are influenced, whereas the precipitation in-tensity and the spatial and temporal distribution of the precipita… 相似文献