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1.
Global wanning resulting from increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the local climate changes that follow affect local hydrospheric and biospheric environments. These include lakes that serve surrounding populations as a fresh water resource or provide regional navigation. Although there may well be steady water-quality alterations in the lakes with time, many of these are very much climate-change dependent. During cool and wet periods, there may be water-level rises that may cause economic losses to agriculture and human activities along the lake shores. Such rises become nuisances especially in the case of shoreline settlements and low-lying agricultural land. Lake Van, in eastern Turkey currently faces such problems due to water-level rises. The lake is unique for at least two reasons. First, it is a closed basin with no natural or artificial outlet and second, its waters contain high concentrations of soda which prevent the use of its water as a drinking or agricultural water source. Consequently, the water level fluctuations are entirely dependent on the natural variability of the hydrological cycle and any climatic change affects the drainage basin. In the past, the lake-level fluctuations appear to have been rather systematic and unrepresentable by mathematical equations. Herein, monthly polygonal climate diagrams are constructed to show the relation between lake level and some meteorological variables, as indications of significant and possible climatic changes. This procedure is applied to Lake Van, eastern Turkey, and relevant interpretations are presented. 相似文献
2.
1973-2013年红碱淖水域水质变化及驱动力分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对1973-2013年8期Landsat MSS、TM、ETM+、OLI影像进行了辐射定标、大气校正、辐射归一化和波段运算等处理;利用归一化差值植被指数（NDVI）,分期提取了红碱淖水域面积,分析了湖水水质及红碱淖周围植被变化.研究表明：40 a间红碱淖水域面积呈阶段性萎缩趋势,1990s后萎缩速率加剧,水域面积总体缩小45.7%;湖区周边NDVI波动性增加显示了水退草进的变化趋势;湖面NDVI值的骤增,暗示叶绿素a或悬浮物浓度增加,间接表明湖区水质变差.根据40 a来水域面积变化,红碱淖的演变进程可依据湖泊面积动态度划分为稳定期（1973-1994年）和萎缩期（1994-2013年）两个阶段,气候暖干化是影响稳定期（1973-1994年）湖泊变化的主要因素,在萎缩期（1994-2013年）气候暖干化叠加人类活动是湖泊水量减少和水质变差的诱因,高强度的人为干扰如人工筑坝、灌溉耗水和煤炭开采是红碱淖水域面积锐减的主要原因. 相似文献
3.
Water levels have been monitored in wells along the San Jacinto fault zone since 1977. The three largest earthquakes to occur within 30 km of the segment of the San Jacinto fault zone being monitored with continuous recorders showed magnitudesM of 4.5, 4.8, and 5.5. Two wells in Borrego Valley, 31 to 32 km southeast of theM=5.5 earthquake on 25 February 1980, showed anomalous spikes recording a probable strain event 88 hours before the earthquake. Two other wells 12 km northwest of the epicenter showed no water-level anomalies. No water-level anomalies preceded theM=4.8 earthquake near Anza on 15 June 1982. Anomalous water-level fluctuations occurred in a well near Ocotillo Wells, 13 km northeast of theM=4.5 earthquake on 22 March 1982, 19 to 23 days prior to the earthquake. Similar fluctuations in other wells have not been followed by sizable earthquakes. A simultaneous drop in water level occurred in four wells on 8 September 1982; this possible strain event was not associated with a sizable earthquake. The presumed strain events occur only in wells that show earth tides and may have been the result of creep on strands of the San Jacinto fault zone. Although water-level anomalies have occurred in only one or two wells prior to two out of three moderate (M=4.5–5.5) earthquakes, the simultaneous drop in water level on 8 September 1982 and the spikes in two wells before theM=5.5 earthquake on 25 February 1980 suggest that wells responsive to earth tides may detect strain events. 相似文献
4.
周至深井水震波数字化记录与地震波记录的对比研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9
介绍了周至深井井孔概况和水位观测的仪器设备配置，通过对2000年10月6日日本本州7．3级地震的水震波数字化记录的频谱分析，与陕西数字地震台网同一地震事件进行对比研究，结果表明，周至深井可以记录到周期大于2s的水震波，对地动位移的放大倍率约为200倍，带宽大于DK-1地震仪和FBS-3地震计，相当于一台深井宽带地震仪。 相似文献
5.
原位生长率是研究藻类生长、衰亡、种群演变、生产力估算,以及藻类对环境变化响应的重要指标,针对水华蓝藻原位生长率的测定,目前还缺乏成熟可靠的手段.本研究利用改进的原位培养法,根据培养前后藻蓝素浓度的变化,对巢湖东、中、西3个湖区水华蓝藻的原位生长率进行周年调查.结果表明,巢湖水华蓝藻的原位生长率变化范围在-1.16～0.69 d-1之间,表层的原位生长率最高,中层次之,底层大部分月份都为负值;原位生长率在空间分布上由高到低依次为西部湖区中部湖区东部湖区;在季节变化上,原位生长率春季(4 6月)相对较高,冬季(1 2月)相对较低.与环境因子进行相关分析后发现,原位生长率与溶解性总磷和温度正相关,这表明溶解性总磷和温度可能是影响巢湖水华蓝藻原位生长率的重要环境因子. 相似文献
6.
从1950s开始, 云南地区部分湖泊受到了水文调控(如筑坝)和鱼类引入等流域开发活动的直接影响, 湖泊水环境与生态系统结构已出现明显改变. 开展浮游动物群落的长期生态响应评价有助于认识气候波动和人为胁迫的影响模式. 本文选取云龙天池进行了沉积物记录分析, 在重建过去100年环境变化历史的基础上开展了枝角类群落的多指标分析(物种组成、个体大小、生物量等), 进一步结合多变量分析识别了枝角类群落构建的关键驱动因子. 结果显示, 云龙天池在过去100年间经历了明显的水位波动, 约1962年以前水位较低, 1950s起的水文调控(筑坝)导致湖泊水位波动上升, 2006年以来略有下降. 枝角类群落随水位波动呈现由底栖种向浮游种占优转变的模式, 并在2006年以来底栖种略有增加. 总体上, 低水位时期底栖枝角类占优, 高水位时期浮游枝角类占优. 水体营养水平也对枝角类群落产生了较为显著的影响. 在沉积物总氮和有机质通量上升时, 长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)相对丰度和枝角类浓度都明显上升. 枝角类象鼻溞个体大小表明, 1969年鱼类引入后象鼻溞的壳长、壳刺长度、触角长度显著减小, 反映了鱼类捕食压力上升的影响. 本研究进一步揭示了水文调控和鱼类引入对湖泊环境和生物群落结构的驱动影响. 其中, 1960s以前云龙天池处于自然波动的状态, 湖泊环境和枝角类群落变化主要受气候(如降水、气温)的影响; 1960s以来人类活动的影响强度已经掩盖了气候变化的信号, 成为影响湖泊生态演化轨迹的主要因素. 为了开展有效的湖泊保护与生态治理, 有必要综合评估水文调控、鱼类引入等人类活动对湖泊生态健康的长期影响. 相似文献
7.
东平湖是国家南水北调东线工程的重要枢纽.但近年来，东平湖菹草（Potamogeton crispus L.）大量繁殖引起河道阻塞、鱼类死亡等事件频发，导致湖区面临很多生态风险.为维护区域生态安全，迫切需要了解菹草群落在东平湖的时空演变特征及驱动因素.利用MODIS植被指数时序数据结合野外调研，建立菹草群落独特的物候曲线，并结合Landsat数据进行了1985-2017年东平湖菹草识别分析.结果表明：32年间菹草群落不断扩张，生境由1991年前零星分布于湖岸发展到2013年蔓延至全湖且连片式分布.菹草群落的增长分为3个阶段：1996年之前，面积增长缓慢，1996年其面积仅10.34 km2；1996-2001年菹草呈暴发式增长，菹草变为区域优势种；2001-2017年，菹草面积继续增长，到2017年达49.07 km2，约占湖区水域面积的40%.经Spearman秩相关分析，菹草面积与湖水营养化水平显著正相关.南水北调东线工程的通水虽使水质有所改善，但东平湖菹草群落仍呈增长态势，应引起足够重视. 相似文献
8.
沉水植物是维持浅水湖泊清水稳态以及湖泊生态系统结构与功能的关键生物类群.近年来,气候变化和人类活动的双重作用造成湖泊水文情势的明显改变,对沉水植物的生长、繁殖和演替有着较大的影响.本文选取2个水位波动幅度与2个波动频率(逐渐改变水位),以恒定水位作为对照,研究湿地中具有重要生态功能的沉水植物刺苦草(Vallisneria spinulosa)的生物量及地上和地下营养器官形态结构对水位波动的响应.结果表明,相对于恒定水位,波动水位(低幅度低频率、低幅度高频率、高幅度低频率、高幅度高频率)对刺苦草的总生物量和获取限制资源相关器官有显著影响.相比于对照组,水位波动能够显著降低刺苦草分株数、叶片数、根数、根长、匍匐茎数、总匍匐茎长以及叶、根、地上和地下生物量,但会显著增加其株高和比叶面积.不同波动频率(低频率和高频率)和幅度(低幅度和高幅度)对光合器官的形态特征都没有显著影响,但叶和地上部分的生物量积累均受到波动幅度的显著影响.水位波动幅度显著改变了刺苦草的根数和根长,而波动频率的影响不显著.因此,对浅水湖泊受损刺苦草群落进行重建时,应避免较大幅度的水位波动,从而有利于增强植株快速恢复的能力. 相似文献
9.
鄱阳湖碟形湖生物群落分布特征很大程度上受区域与主湖区水文连通性影响。由于水位波动，东部湖湾水文连通性受鄱阳湖主湖体水位影响较为敏感。本文以东部湖湾为例，分析主湖区水位变异程度及其影响，并从连通天数和发生时间等方面定量表征东部湖湾与主湖区的水文连通性，进而讨论水文连通性变化及其对湿地植物生境和候鸟栖息地的潜在影响。结果表明，当水位在13～16 m时，东部湖湾与主湖区存在着良好的水文连通关系，湿地植物适宜生境面积最大。2003年以后，鄱阳湖主湖区水位普遍降低，低枯水位持续时间延长，IHA/RVA法分析表明主湖区水位发生了中等程度改变，整体改变度为40.2%，东部湖湾与主湖区的连通关系发生明显改变，年连通天数减少了46.2 d，变化幅度为15.9%，而非连通期发生时间提前约1个月且年内时间跨度更长。水文连通性减弱造成3 10月东部湖湾平均水位下降了0.6 m，其中9 10月减少了约1 m，使薹草（Carexsp．）和苦草（Vallisneria natans）适宜水深对应的水面面积在多数月份呈增加趋势，特别是9 10月（幅度超过40%），但枯水提前导致沉水植物面积减少，湿生植物生物量增加。水... 相似文献
10.
洪泽湖鱼类群落结构及其资源变化 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
根据2017-2018年在洪泽湖湖心、成子湖湾、保护区湖湾和淮河入湖口进行的鱼类资源调查，结合历年渔业捕捞统计数据，分析了该水域的鱼类群落结构及资源变化趋势.调查共采获鱼类51种，隶属10目16科41属，其中鲤形目种类最多，占总数的62.7%；群落优势种为鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）、（Hemiculter leucisculus）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、刀鲚（Coilia nasus）等7种，鱼类群落的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数处于一般至较丰富水平.不同类型湖区间鱼类种类及优势种组成存在一定差异，其中湖心、淮河入湖口的生物多样性指数整体高于成子湖湾、保护区湖湾.与历史资料相比，洪泽湖鱼类的物种数量下降，鱼类资源组成结构发生较大变化，鱼类个体小型化趋势明显，捕捞强度过大、水位波动和水质污染是洪泽湖渔业资源衰退的主要因素. 相似文献
11.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):98-99
Abstract Lake Poopó, within the large Altiplano basin of Bolivia, is connected upstream to Lake Titicaca and downstream to the salares, the big salt fields. Small changes in precipitation and river inflows strongly affect the extent of the lake surface area. For times when there are no satellite images, it is difficult to determine the extent of the lake from observations. Water balance computations were performed to create a water-level series for Lake Poopó extending back in time. The dominant water inflow to Lake Poopó is from the River Desaguadero, which constitutes the outflow of Lake Titicaca. The water-balance computations confirm the crude peasant knowledge about historical lake status. It is found that if the lake level is less than 1 m during the wet season, there is a risk that this shallow lake dries out in the dry season. 相似文献
12.
A theoretical model for reverse water-level fluctuations induced by transient permeability in thrust fault zones 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A numerical model was applied to simulate the poroelastic response to changes in fault permeability as a result of earthquakes. The ‘fault valve’ model describes faults as impermeable barriers for fluids except immediately after earthquakes, when fault zones are damaged and transient pathways for fluids are created. In this case the fault is viewed as a discharging well, draining fluids from the surrounding rock. The reverse water-level effect is characterized by the increase of water level in adjacent aquifers and aquitards, resulting from withdrawing fluids through a well. Theoretical calculations suggest that the reverse water-level effect exists also in earthquake cycling and is in the same order of magnitude as the co-seismic hydraulic head change. A significant rise of the hydraulic head (>1 m) occurs within the country rock from both sides of the fault. The rise of the water level takes months to years to occur, and perhaps that is why it cannot be easily distinguished from seasonal hydrologic changes observed in the field. The reverse water-level effect also propagates away from the fault at a rate of hundreds of meters per year, depending on the permeability of the country rock. In deep formations where the permeability is low, the propagation takes years. The magnitude of the reverse water-level effect is greater when the fault efficiently drains fluids, when it is highly permeable and slow to reseal. 相似文献
13.
基于水文变异的东洞庭湖湿地生态水位研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
东洞庭湖湿地具有重要生态意义.基于东洞庭湖湿地退化的现实,认为气候变化、人类活动等因素造成水文序列发生突变,湿地生态系统适应突变前的水文环境.以城陵矶水文站1952-2006年月平均水位序列为分析对象,通过滑动T检验法找到序列的最可能突变点,以该点对序列进行分割,以变异前的月平均水位序列为对象,拟合月平均水位的最适合概率分布函数,认为概率最高处的月平均水位是区域生态水位.研究结果表明,城陵矶水文站的水位时间序列发生显著变化;与其他方法相比,本文确定的东洞庭湖湿地生态水位具有一定的合理性,对东洞庭湖湿地生态系统修复具有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
14.
黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)是广泛分布于我国的主要农田害鼠之一,2003年三峡工程开始蓄水后洞庭湖湖滩鼠类群落结构发生了演变,黑线姬鼠已大量侵入湖滩,且逐步成为湖滩生境鼠类群落的优势鼠种。动物在新生境中的繁殖状况是了解其对环境适应的关键指标。为掌握黑线姬鼠种群侵入湖滩生境后的适应情况,为其种群动态的预测预报提供科学依据,本文对2003—2020年洞庭湖湖滩和农田生境中捕获的黑线姬鼠繁殖状况进行比较分析,并结合季节动态和生境差异等因子分析了该鼠在繁殖方面对湖滩生境的适应。结果表明:(1)湖滩生境中黑线姬鼠平均繁殖指数(0.71±0.27)低于农田生境(1.21±0.47),在2016—2020年湖滩上黑线姬鼠的繁殖指数为0.99,略高于农田的0.96;(2)湖滩生境较农田生境中的孕鼠在繁殖中偏向有更多的胎仔数,有6只以上胎仔数的孕鼠占比(65.59%)高于农田生境(49.10%);(3)湖滩生境中发现有幼年组的黑线姬鼠参与繁殖,其繁殖指数、参产率、怀孕率及雄鼠的睾丸下降率随年龄递增;(4)春季和秋季是湖滩生境中黑线姬鼠的主要繁殖季节,其繁殖指数、参产率、怀孕率都显著高于... 相似文献
15.
Andreas Herschel 《Limnologica》1999,29(2):195
A series of 7 growth experiments with Metallogenium sp. was conducted in a flow-through reactor (chemostat). The results demonstrate that Metallogenium sp. grows under simulated lake water conditions in the laboratory. Metallogenium reacted in the chemostat in the same way as a microorganism. The growth rates of the microorganism Metallogenium were determined. It can be concluded therefore that the maximal growth rate at a temperature of 15 °C was 0.7 d−1. 相似文献
16.
太湖河蚬时空格局 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8
2006年12月-2007年11月对太湖河蚬种群进行了周年逐月调查.河蚬在分布区的年均密度和生物量分别为265.7ind./m2和100.9g/m2,在夏、秋季均达到高值.根据壳长频数分布的周年变化,太湖河蚬一年一代,繁殖期主要在5-7月份.河蚬主要分布在贡湖湾、马迹山以南区域、西南湖区和小梅港沿岸区域.分析表明,太湖中河蚬的空间分布表现出明显的差异性,这种差异性受到多种因素的综合影响.在北部梅梁湾和竺山湾湖区湖泊中的低溶氧量是限制河蚬生长的最重要因素;在贡湖湾、马迹山以南湖区和西南部湖区,各种生境条件和底质性质适合河蚬的生长繁殖,其密度和生物量的最高值出现在贡湖湾的中心区域(820.0ind./m2,522.9g/m2);在东太湖湖区浮游植物密度较低,底质中有机质较少,食物来源是影响河蚬分布的较重要因素. 相似文献
17.
藻类生长与营养盐浓度存在藻类几何级数增长的营养盐浓度变化的下限阈值和藻类生长不受氮磷浓度增加影响的上限阈值,但由于蓝藻水华的形成受多种因素的综合影响,不同湖泊、不同区域及不同时段的氮磷浓度对蓝藻水华的影响差别较大,使得蓝藻生长的氮磷控制阈值难以确定.针对控制蓝藻水华暴发的氮磷阈值的研究虽然有所开展,但多集中在实验室研究阶段或对经验值的判断,虽然也有基于野外实测数据的研究,但也限制于某一特定区域,而基于野外长序列实测数据并且覆盖整个湖泊的氮磷阈值研究则是空白.太湖作为具有较高营养背景的富营养化浅水湖泊,蓝藻水华的发生受氮磷影响较大.对太湖总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度的时空变化分析发现,太湖西北湖区的TP、TN与Chl.a浓度明显较高,并且TP、TN与Chl.a均呈显著性正相关.为探究太湖蓝藻水华暴发的TP和TN控制阈值,以轻富营养化等级下的Chl.a分级标准(10,26］作为表征水华暴发的条件,采用郑丙辉等的频率分布法,确定了太湖蓝藻水华暴发的TP和TN控制阈值分别为0.05~0.06和1.71~1.72 mg/L;通过空间验证,太湖藻型区TP和TN浓度远高于同级营养水平下全湖区TP和TN控制阈值,表明藻型区高氮磷水平为蓝藻水华发生提供充足营养盐条件,即使氮磷全湖平均浓度控制在蓝藻水华暴发的氮磷阈值水平之下,但在气象水文等因素适宜条件下,藻型区水华发生风险仍然较高;并且在高氮磷背景下,即便在水华发生风险低的季节,水华发生风险仍然较大.近十几年来,虽然太湖经历了大规模的高强度治理,但由于环太湖流域的湖西区入湖负荷占比大,导致太湖藻型区氮磷浓度仍处于高位运行状态,为蓝藻水华的暴发提供了充足的营养盐基础,因此,湖西区的控源减排仍然是太湖富营养化及蓝藻水华防控的重点. 相似文献
18.
硅酸盐矿物麦饭石对沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)生长的促进效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沉水植物恢复是富营养化湖泊生态系统重建的关键措施.沉水植物的生长受到很多因素的影响.本文通过考察生长和生理生态指标研究了硅酸盐矿物麦饭石对苦草生长的影响,为其进一步应用于水生生态修复提供理论依据.结果表明,麦饭石可以显著促进苦草的生长.添加了麦饭石处理组的苦草的生物量、株高、叶数、根长等生长指标明显高于对照组.且改性麦饭石组优于麦饭石原石组.1 cm麦饭石处理组的苦草在生长旺盛期时,其光和色素、根系活力和过氧化氢酶酶活等生理生态指标的活力均较对照组有一定程度的提高,而丙二醛含量有所降低.检测结果发现麦饭石中含有丰富的植物生长所需的常量和微量元素,可见麦饭石可进一步应用于富营养化湖泊的生态修复中. 相似文献
19.
Phytoplankton community in the tropical lake of Lagoa Santa (Brazil): Conditions favoring a persistent bloom of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study presents data on seasonal changes of the phytoplanktonic community of a small tropical lake, Lagoa Santa, in the Brazilian cerrado. Temporal variation in the community structure was small and we observed a permanent dominance of the cyanobacteria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. This dominance could be associated to the stability of several environmental conditions. Especially water temperature, always within the optimal growth range for C. raciborskii, and the constant mixed water column may have been important factors driving to the long term dominance of this species in the lake. Remarkable seasonal variation in rainfall, as well as the occasional and non-seasonal variation in nutrient concentrations, were important to explain changes in environmental and biological variables, but were not related to the dominance of C. raciborskii. Pearson's correlation and PCA could just in part explain the stable dominance of this cyanobacterium. Meteorological and chemical factors seem to have no clear control on the variability of the phytoplankton dynamics in Lagoa Santa. The weak relationship between C. raciborskii abundance and environmental variables points to additional intrinsic factors associated to this species that may be important in structuring the phytoplankton assemblage. 相似文献
20.
Mediterranean lake–wetland systems are threatened by climate change and intensive human impacts. Individual lake responses to these threats are poorly known but urgently required to steer preservation strategies. The dramatic water-level fall (~8 m since 1987) of Lake Megali Prespa endangers this global biodiversity hotspot and the wider catchment’s water resources. Annual lake fluctuations are found to be strongly related to wet-season (Oct.–Apr.) precipitation variability, which is linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. The lake primarily adjusts to sustained inflow changes through amending surface evaporation. Cumulative water abstraction since 1951 (~19 × 106 m3/year: ~0.006% of lake volume) explains ~70% of the long-term decrease in surface evaporation; climate variability explains the remainder. Persistent low lake levels after 1995 are caused by water abstraction. Compared to 1952/53–1977/78, the period 1978/79–2003/04 experienced significant decreases in wet-season precipitation, snowfall and discharge; the number of very dry years increased.
EDITOR A. Castellarin; ASSOCIATE EDITOR D. Gerten 相似文献