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土动力参数是土层地震反应分析的重要参数之一,且具有较强的区域性特点。本文统计分析昆明盆地区域内101个场地的94组粉土和167组黏土的动三轴试验数据,并通过土层地震反应分析计算,与袁晓铭的推荐值和《工程场地地震安全性评价工作规范》(DB001-94)中给出的规范值做对比。结果表明:三种不同的土动力参数存在较大差异,对土层地震反应分析结果亦有较大的影响,随着超越概率的降低,对峰值加速度、反应谱和特征周期的影响更加明显;统计的土动力参数与实际值对应的土层地震反应分析结果较接近,因此统计的粉土和黏土土动力参数在昆明盆地具有一定的代表性和适用性,在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级工程场地地震安全性评价工作中具有一定的借鉴和参考作用。 相似文献
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北京地区粉质粘土土动力学参数的统计分析 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
土动力学参数即土的动剪切模量比和阻尼比,对土层地震反应分析结果有重要影响。本文首先选取了北京地区2001年以来,地震安全性评价报告中20份具有完整土动力学参数的实验数据,统计分析了粉质粘土的实测土动力学参数,给出了粉质粘土在不同深度下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比平均值;然后,选取了2个典型工程场地,构建土层分析模型,进行土层地震反应分析计算,并对比分析了本文得到的统计值与典型工程场地的实测值、袁晓铭的推荐值和DB001—94规范的推荐值对土层地震反应分析计算结果的影响。分析结果表明,本文得到的统计值在北京地区具有一定的代表性和适用性,对于获得原状土样困难的场地,特别是对于较薄的夹层土,本文的统计结果在实际的地震安全性评价工作中可供参考使用。 相似文献
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四川盆地地震构造环境相对稳定,主要遭受近场中强地震和外围大地震的影响。盆地内第四系主要为河流相的砂卵石层夹粘土、粉土层,分布于成都平原及盆地内外河流两岸。这种地层在土层地震反应计算时往往产生一个峰值,具有显著的放大作用。本文收集共计123组土动力学参数的实验资料,统计分析了淤泥质土、粉质粘土、粘土、粉土、细砂和全风化泥岩等6种土类实测土动力学参数,给出了它们在不同深度下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值。并且将统计值和"94"规范值与袁晓铭推荐值[9]进行了对比分析,结果表明在盆地内使用规范值和推荐值会对工程的抗震设防产生不利影响。该研究成果对盆地内各类工程建设的工程场地地震安全性评价工作具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。 相似文献
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利用武汉地区地震安全性评价报告中共振柱实验获得的1 403组土动力非线性参数数据,统计出武汉地区7种不同土性不同埋深的土类在8个典型应变下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的平均值。根据2个工程场地在实验值、统计平均值、规范值输入下的土层地震反应分析结果，对比分析了3种土动力参数值对场地地震动参数的影响，对所给出的平均值的合理性进行分析。结果表明，与规范值相比，统计平均值与实验值的土层地震反应分析结果基本一致，计算结果真实合理，可供武汉地区场地土动力学参数实验数据缺乏时参考使用。 相似文献
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太原地区土动剪切模量和阻尼比几种值的合理性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对山西太原地区常用的几种土动剪切模量和阻尼比的对比,结合2个实际工程场地土层地震反应的计算结果,对《工程场地地震安全性评价工作规范》中给出的土动力参数、袁晓铭,等给出的推荐值以及兰青龙给出的太原地区的统计值的合理性进行了对比研究。结果表明,与规范值相比,统计值和推荐值与太原地区的实测值比较接近,且避免了土层地震反应中地表反应谱的“矮、胖”现象,较符合实际情况,可供无试验资料时参考。 相似文献
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天津滨海场地土动力学参数研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
天津滨海地区是典型的软土区,属晚第四系以来的浅海相沉积软土。本文收集了该地区地震安全性评价报告中的土动力学参数的实验资料,并补充了15个钻孔的测试实验,统计分析了淤泥质粘土、淤泥质粉质粘土、粉土、粉质粘土、粘土、粉砂、细砂等7种土类的实测土动力学参数,给出了它们在不同深度下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值。然后,选取了2个典型钻孔并建立了土层地震反应分析模型,分别运用本文统计值、94规范值和袁晓铭等(2000)的推荐值进行土层地震反应计算,从反应谱形状、地表峰值加速度和反应谱特征周期等方面说明了本文统计值的适用性和针对性。本文的研究成果对天津滨海地区各类工程建设的场地地震安全性评价工作具有一定的借鉴和参考价值,且有利于该地区工程场地地震安全性评价工作的开展。 相似文献
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成都平原粘性土动力学参数统计分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
成都平原地震构造环境主要受近场中强地震和外围大地震的影响。成都平原内的第四系分布广泛,主要为河流相的砂卵石层夹粘土、粉土层。这种地层在土层地震反应计算时往往会产生一个峰值,具有显著的放大作用。本文共收集了107组土动力学参数的实验资料,统计分析了粉质粘土和粘土两种粘性土的实测土动力学参数,给出了它们在不同深度的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值。然后,选取1个典型钻孔,建立了土层地震反应分析模型,分别运用本文"统计值"、"十五结果"、"规范值"、"推荐值"进行地震土层反应计算,从反应谱形状、地表峰值加速度和反应谱特征周期等方面,验证了本文"统计值"的适用性和针对性,结果表明在盆地内使用"规范值"和"推荐值"时应谨慎,不然可能会对工程的抗震设防产生不利的影响。本文的"统计值"比"规范值"和"推荐值"更适用于成都平原地区,对各类工程建设的场地地震安全性评价具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。 相似文献
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泥炭质土在昆明盆地分布广泛,由于其工程性质差,因此其土动力学性质受到许多学者的重视。首先收集近年来昆明盆地内埋深为0~100 m的62个取样点,128组泥炭质土样的动三轴实验数据进行统计分析,得到了泥炭质土的不同剪应变下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比的统计值;然后讨论土动力学参数随埋深的变化特征,并与《工程场地地震安全性工作规范》给出的黏土值、粉质黏土值、淤泥质黏土值进行了对比;最后在昆明盆地内挑选了2个典型钻孔模型,分别输入统计值、实测值、规范黏土值、粉质黏土值、淤泥质黏土值,进行一维土层反应分析计算。结果表明:规范给出的黏土值、粉质黏土值、淤泥质黏土值与泥炭质土实测值得到的结果差异较大,泥炭质土统计值与实测值得到的结果差异较小。当现场工作取样困难,得不到可供试验的原状样时,可考虑选择使用本文的泥炭质土统计值。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(9)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in 相似文献
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In natural waters arsenic concentrations up to a few milligrams per litre were measured. The natural content of arsenic found in soils varies between 0.01 mg/kg and a few hundred milligrams per kilogram. Anthropogenic sources of arsenic in the environment are the smelting of ores, the burning of coal, and the use of arsenic compounds in many products and production processes in the past. A lot of arsenic compounds are toxic and cause acute and chronic poisoning. In aqueous environment the inorganic arsenic species arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are the most abundant species. The mobility of these species is influenced by the pH value, the redox potential, and the presence of adsorbents such as oxides and hydroxides of Fe(III), Al(III), Mn(III/IV), humic substances, and clay minerals. 相似文献
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Due to deleterious effects on non-target organisms, the use of organotin compounds on boat hulls of small vessels (<25 m) has been widely prohibited. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) resolved that the complete prohibition on organotin compounds acting as biocides in antifouling systems should commence in 2008. As a result of restrictions on the use of organotin based paints, other antifouling formulations containing organic biocides have been utilised. This survey was conducted to assess the contamination of replacement biocides in the marine environment following the ban of TBT-based paints. Surface sediments samples were collected in the major ports and marinas along the France Mediterranean coastline (Cote d’Azur) and analysed for organotin compounds, Irgarol 1051, Sea-nine 211TM, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid and Folpet. Every port and marina exhibited high levels of organotin compounds, with concentrations in sediments ranging from 37 ng Sn g−1dry wt in Menton Garavan to over 4000 ng Sn g−1dry wt close to the ship chandler within the port of Villefranche-sur-Mer. TBT degradation indexes suggested that fresh inputs are still made. Among the other antifoulants monitored, only Irgarol 1051 exhibited measurable concentrations in almost every port, with concentrations ranging from 40 ng g−1dry wt (Cannes) to almost 700 ng g−1dry wt (Villefranche-sur-Mer, ship chandler). 相似文献
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Ian R. Falconer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(1):64-71
Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by a range of cyanobacterial genera. These cyanobacteria occur naturally in drinking water reservoirs subject to eutrophication, and in rivers and natural lakes. Because of the diversity of organisms, the toxins occur, from oligo‐mesotrophic lakes in North Temperate latitudes, to hypertrophic tropical ponds. The toxins are responsible for numerous cases of injury and death of domestic animals, and human poisoning from drinking water. The initial poisoning includes hepatic cell death. This leads to secondary effects from liver deficiency, including jaundice and photosensitisation. The toxic effects are largely due to inhibition of phosphatase enzymes, acting to regulate protein phosphorylation. The consequences include structural damage, apoptosis and, at lower concentrations, cell cycle effects and tumour promotion. As there is no clear evidence for direct carcinogenesis by microcystins, they are classed as non‐carcinogenic toxins in drinking water. Guideline Values for safe drinking water are derived from data for subchronic rodent toxicity, using the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (the highest dose giving no toxicity). To this dose are applied uncertainty factors, to calculate a Tolerable Daily Intake. On the basis of a standard bodyweight and water consumption the Guideline Value is determined for drinking water. For microcystin‐LR the WHO have set a provisional Guideline Value of 1 μg/L for drinking water. 相似文献
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The geomagnetic field and secular variation exhibit asymmetrical spatial features which are possibly originating from an heterogeneous thermal control of the Earth's lower mantle on the core. The identification of this control in magnetic data is subject to several difficulties, some of which can be alleviated by the use of core surface flow models. Using numerical dynamos driven by heterogeneous boundary heat flux, we confirm that within the parameter space accessible to simulations, time average surface flows obey a simple thermal wind equilibrium between the Coriolis and buoyancy forces, the Lorentz, inertial and viscous forces playing only a secondary role, even for Elsasser numbers significantly larger than 1. Furthermore, we average the models over the duration of three vortex turnovers, and correlate them with a longer time average which fully reveals the signature of boundary heterogeneity. This allows us to quantify the possibility of observing mantle control in core surface flows averaged over a short time period. A scaling analysis is performed in order to apply the results to the Earth's core. We find that three vortex turnovers could represent between 100 and 360 years of Earth time, and that the heat flux heterogeneity at the core-mantle boundary could be large enough to yield an observable signature of thermal mantle control in a time average core surface flow within reach of the available geomagnetic data. 相似文献
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Richard McCreary John McGaughey Yves Potvin Dave Ecobichon Marty Hudyma Harald Kanduth Alain Coulombe 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,139(3-4):349-373
Located in northern Québec, the Lac Shortt Mine was a small gold mine consisting of a thin subvertical orebody which was mined in three main phases. High stress and rockbursting conditions were experienced when ore was extracted in the upper zone between the surface and a depth of 500 metres during the first two phases of mining. Severe rockbursts were experienced in late 1989 near the shaft and in the footwall development following a deepening of the mine shaft to a depth of 830 m and partial development of footwall drift access for the third phase of mining (the mining of the lower zone starting at a depth of 830 m moving upward toward a depth of 500 m). A 16-channel Electrolab MP250 microseismic system, with a Queen's University Full-Waveform piggy-back system, was installed underground at the site due to these problems.It was expected that the thinning sill would be subjected to an ever-increasing load as the thickness of the 500 m sill pillar decreased in the face of the mining excavation from below. A monitoring program consisting of the microseismic monitoring system, a range of conventional geomechanics monitoring tools as well as the undertaking of periodic seismic tomography surveys to assess the ongoing state of stress and rock mass condition within the sill was therefore warranted.The anomalously high-magnitude stress field and the brittle rockmass created a situation in which rockmass failure was common and violent. In the creation and thinning of the sill pillar, the location of banded microseismic activity was crucial in tracing rockmass failure and the associated ground control problems. Reliable source-location determination enabled the identification of areas of stress increase. The movement of the rockmass failure front could be followed, and was responsible for stope dilution, footwall and orebody development deterioration, and caving.Source-mechanism analyses gave accurate double-couple solutions for approximately forty percent of these events having at least ten recognizable polarities. Results suggested movement along vertical north-south striking or vertical east-west striking features. Underground observation of damaged access points showed that vertical north-south striking joints were experiencing failure.The microseismic activity, which was consistently concentrated close to the southwest and northeast corners of current production stopes, could be explained by a stress field oriented obliquely to the strike of the orebody, as measured prior to shrinkage of the sill pillar byin situ stress measurements and observed borehole overbreaks. The orientations of theP andT axes for the microseismic activity further confirmed that the stress field oriented obliquely to strike.While an increase in compressional-wave velocity of 2.3 percent, corresponding to a measured stress increase of approximately 10 MPa could be measured by repeated tomographic surveys, it was relatively small and only a factor of two or so above the velocity measured uncertainty. The relative insensitivity of thein situ rock mass modulus to the applied stress is believed to be largely due to the rockmass discontinuities being relatively closed prior to stress increase, as substantiated by the small deformations seen by the extensometer and borehole camera. This situation existed because of the very high pre-mining stress level.The experimental demonstration that the rock could not absorb substantially increased load through the mechanism of discontinuity closure or tightening (which would be reflected in the modulus) may be evidence in itself of potentially burst-prone ground, such as encountered at Lac Shortt. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):704-712
Abstract The upper Niger and Volta rivers exhibit a great and highly contrasting variability of inter-annual runoff. The Bani River, the largest tributary to the Niger River in Mali, shows a dramatic decrease in runoff after the 1970s, with the result that many boreholes in the region have dried up since the drought began. In contrast, the Nakambe River (Upper Volta basin, in Burkina Faso) shows an increase in runoff for the same period, leading to unexpected flood peaks that damaged infrastructures. The contribution that the groundwater and its variability make to surface runoff variability is assessed in this study by comparing the data of the national groundwater monitoring networks of Mali and Burkina Faso to surface runoff. Several variables are compared at the basin scale: the date of the maximum level of the water table, the annual rainfall, discharge, low flows and depletion coefficients. Variability in the low flows of the Bani River is well correlated to a decrease in the water table. Since 1970, the greater decrease in runoff in comparison to the rainfall decrease is due to a reduction in the baseflow, related to the cumulated rainfall deficit. Concerning the Nakambe River, the runoff increase is not supported by a water table increase, but is due to the increase in runoff coefficient related to land degradation. 相似文献
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The inability to detect the presence of viable Helicobacter pylori bacteria in environmental waters has hindered the public health community in assessing the role water may play in the transmission of this pathogen. This work describes a cultural enrichment method coupled with an H. pylori‐specific PCR to identify these bacteria in water. While far from perfected at the present time, this represents an exciting new approach to studying the significance of water as a transmission mechanism for H. pylori. Evidence is presented that indicates culturable H. pylori bacteria were found using this enrichment/PCR method in a local groundwater source. 相似文献