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岩溶塌陷是覆盖型岩溶区最突出的地质灾害问题,是广西重要的地质灾害之一,对经济建设和人民的生活构成严重危害。文章从塌陷的物质组成及成因上讨论了广西岩溶塌陷的类型,分析了其危害、影响因素及其形成机制。在此基础上,提出了岩溶塌陷防治的对策建议。 相似文献
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以某矿业公司岩溶地面塌陷勘查工程为例,利用高密度电法和地震映像结合的综合物探法对复杂岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害进行物探勘查,得出重点区域岩溶发育区探测结果;推测次重点区域测线剖面有相对明显的高低阻异常带的原因;对次重点区域各测线剖面的各反射波(组)进行原因分析.结果表明:地震映像法解释的岩溶发育区可看作是岩溶发育重点区;次重点区域测线剖面高低阻异常带明显的原因多样;次重点区域波组的起伏变化异常可能与岩溶空洞异常有直接关系,与地层变化有间接关系;证明综合物探法进行岩溶地质勘查的有效性,为塌陷区的圈定提供理论依据. 相似文献
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花县的地质灾害及防治对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本区主要地质灾害包括岩溶塌陷、地裂缝、岩溶突水。这些灾害破坏地面、农田、民房和工程构筑物,影响居民和工业用水。灾害产生的内因是地下存在可溶性岩层,构造及岩溶裂隙发育无稳定隔水层,局部存在膨胀土,岩溶水与地表水沟通。近年大量开采岩溶水,迅速改变地下水动力状态对灾害的发生起了触发作用。防止过量抽取地下水、防止大量排走地表水、加强地质勘查、依场地条件确定工程建筑位置、类型并作必要的地基加固处理系防治本区地质灾害扩展的有效途径。 相似文献
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基于隐伏岩溶区地下溶洞的发育特征对城市开发建设的影响,利用综合物探方法开展灰岩区地下溶洞探测试验研究,获得地下溶洞探测物探方法的有效性具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.通过对包括福建永安大湖盆地内两处岩溶国家地下水监测井钻孔旁在内的三条综合物探剖面选用电测深法、高密度电法和微动探测法进行试验,并与钻孔资料进行对比分析、总结各种方法的岩溶物性特征,为探测地下溶洞提供物理依据.试验结果表明:区内地下溶洞在电测深和高密度电法勘探结果上主要表现为低阻异常,在微动探测成果上表现为S波速度低速异常;视S波速度为300～850 m/s及视电阻率小于100Ω·m的半圈闭低阻异常,可作为研究区判断地下溶洞的地球物理依据.上述三种地面物探方法探测地下溶洞的有效性依次是:电测深法高密度电法微动探测法.对隐伏岩溶大范围进行地面探测时应结合测区的实际条件(如地质构造、地下水、溶洞充填物等情况)选用综合物探方法,并进行对比映证,从而揭示研究区的隐伏溶洞的分布发育规律,以此来指导岩溶区工程勘察,为钻探孔布置提供地球物理依据,减少钻探工程量和缩短探测周期. 相似文献
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由于受大型地下工程施工大量抽排地下水的影响,广州市大坦沙和金沙洲先后发生了大规模岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害,为查明区内岩溶发育和断裂带的分布情况,综合运用土壤氡浓度测量、高密度电法、浅层地震反射波、弹性波CT和地质雷达进行探则.由于受各种管线、电磁和震动的干扰,在城市开展电法、磁法、浅层地震等受到限制,而土壤氡浓度测量具有不受地电、地磁和震动干扰的优点.本文以土壤氡浓度测量在广州市金沙洲和大坦沙岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害应用为例,说明了土壤氡浓度测量机理、方法技术和影响因素,结果表明土壤氡浓度测量在广州市金沙洲和大坦沙岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害调查中取得了显著的效果,为广州市金沙洲和大坦沙地质灾害防治提供了基础资料. 相似文献
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丹江口水库以上的汉江流域是南水北调中线核心水源区,地下水调查是水源区环境地质调查的重要组成部分,笔者采用综合地球物理方法对地下水调查进行研究,研究结果表明:高密度电法在圈定隐伏断裂、地层岩性、岩溶发育区效果明显,反演电阻率可以优化垂直激发场计算;地面磁共振方法能够弥补高密度电法对地下水分辨率低的缺点,精细刻画地下水文地质特征,为构建水源区地下水格架提供参考依据.同时,笔者探索了高密度电法与地面磁共振方法的地球物理方法组合在水资源调查中的优越性. 相似文献
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灰岩区滑坡勘查通常采用物探查明覆盖层厚度、岩溶洞穴、滑面位置等工程地质条件,分析滑坡形成机制,但物探解译往往没有结合工程地质分析和力学机制分析进行,使解译的成果与工程实际差别较大.我们利用高分辨率电阻率成像技术,勘查了江西省南部的九连山山脉某复杂滑坡,识别了滑体与基岩之间的不连续面,并圈定了可能存在岩溶的区域和潜在滑面;对这个地质条件复杂、岩溶多点分布的滑坡进行定线定点钻探,并对视电阻率色谱图与工程地质剖面进行对比分析,确定了岩溶存在区域、滑动地层岩性和埋藏深度;最后,考虑高密度电法和钻孔约束的关键滑面和岩溶分布范围,利用FLAC2D对进行滑坡二维应力应变动态响应分析,反演复活滑坡变形破坏的全过程.发现该类型滑坡为深埋的重力斜坡,兼具圆弧滑动和平滑两种方式,明显地具有倾向于中前缘的岩溶洞穴沉降塌陷引起的牵引式滑动特征.该综合方法的运用结果表明:灰岩区滑坡勘查,应充分考虑地质条件-岩溶分布对斜坡稳定性的影响,重点位置多重布线、主滑方向平行布线,可获得切合实际双极-偶极数据生成的电法成像;等间距高密度电法视电阻率色谱图可初步划分出地层岩性和灰岩区的分布区域;钻探法可约束地层的分布情况及滑面位置;而GMD法计算结果可验证上术两种方法确定的地层参数,反演复活滑坡的动态响应全过程,提高物理参数解译的可靠性.该方法对灰岩区滑坡勘查设计和科学治理具有积极意义. 相似文献
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电磁波层析成像技术在复杂地质边坡工程勘察中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
复杂的边坡工程地质条件决定了建设摩崖石刻工程的位置和规模,但边坡上发育的崩塌、坠石等地质灾害和多变的地形地貌条件严重影响了边坡地质工程勘察的安全性、准确性和勘察技术方法的有效性,本文应用孔间电磁波层析成像技术探测和评价边坡工程内破碎带、岩溶以及岩体完整性变化等地质工程问题以及地质解释的关键技术.电磁波衰减特征及电磁波衰减吸收系数的变化趋势和异常结构特征可以有效地反映边坡岩体内节理发育带、岩溶以及场区具控制作用的溶蚀断裂带的发育深度及影响范围,评价边坡岩体完整性的垂向分带和空间分区特征,为边坡工程建造提供科学依据. 相似文献
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The contamination of water flow in Soldatskaya Cave is studied. Groundwater of the cave was found to feature bacterial pollution.
The distribution of bacterial cells over the karst system is examined. The contamination is shown to correlate with anthropogenic
load. The major hydrodynamic and physicochemical characteristics of groundwater flow are evaluated, and their correlation
with self-purification is demonstrated. Components of the karst water self-purification mechanisms are analyzed. The possibility
to intensify karst water self-purification is considered. 相似文献
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萍-乐坳陷带为江西省最主要的隐伏岩溶发育区带之一,岩溶地层发育,地表水、地下水循环交替强烈,地质构造复杂,为岩溶的发育、岩溶地下水的富集提供了良好的条件。查明岩溶发育规律及岩溶水的富集特征,可为地下水资源合理开发与地质环境保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Christos Pennos Stein-Erik Lauritzen Konstantinos Vouvalidis Patience Cowie Sofia Pechlivanidou Charikleia Gkarlaouni Michael Styllas Panagiotis Tsourlos Antonios Mouratidis 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(9):1710-1721
We present an integrated study of subsurface and surficial karst landforms to unravel the uplift history of karst landscape in a tectonically-active area. To this end, we apply a multidisciplinary approach by combining cave geomorphology and Th/U dating of speleothems with remote sensing plus geophysical imaging of surface landforms. We use as an example Mt. Menikio in northern Greece where four caves share well-defined epiphreatic/shallow phreatic characteristics that are related to the distribution of surface and buried doline fields and provide evidence for three distinct water table stillstands (e.g. expressed as cave levels) now lying at ~130 m, ~800 m and ~1600 m a.m.s.l. Our dating constraints delimit the age of the lower water table stillstand prior to 77 ka ago and imply a maximum rate of relative base level drop of 0.45 mma-1, which is consistent with relative tectonic uplift rate estimates along currently active normal faults. We interpret the elevation of the higher water table stillstands to reflect earlier phases of uplift related to the regional tectonic events associated with the development of the North Anatolian Fault and the Northern Aegean area. Our analysis shows that the combined study of epiphreatic/shallow phreatic caves and surficial karst landforms together, is a robust way to investigate the uplift history of a karst landscape in a tectonically-active setting. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Comments are presented on the article by Canora et al. (2012) dealing with karst morphologies driven by sea level stands in the Murge plateau of Apulia, southern Italy. Our comments start from cave levels, that are considered in the cited article as a proof of sea level stands. We argue that the presence of sub‐horizontal passages in cave systems is not a sufficient condition for correlating them with hypothetical past sea level stands. Such a correlation must be based upon identification of speleogenetic features within the karst systems, and/or geological field data. The problems encountered when using cave surveys for scientific research, and their low reliability (especially in the case of old surveys) are then treated, since they represent a crucial point in the paper object of this discussion. Eventually, we present some final consideration on cave levels and terraces, and on the specific case study, pointing out once again to the need in including geological field data to correctly find a correspondance between flat landforms and sea level fluctuations. Our main conclusion is that field data and information on speleogenesis of the underground karst landforms cannot be disregarded in a study that claims to deal with the influence of sea‐level changes on caves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Geochemical modeling of groundwater in karst area and its application at Pingdingshan coalfield 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Several approaches including hydrogeochemistry and isotope hydrogeology have been used to investigate the karst groundwater
systems at Pingdingshan coalfield in recent years. The results of the modeling and evaluation of groundwater chemistry, as
parts of recent research progress at the area, are presented. The characteristics of Cambrian karst groundwater flow was analyzed
in terms of tritium distribution of groundwater based on the fact that the Guodishan fault, the largest one within the coalfield,
is divided into permeable (southern and northern) and impermeable (middle) sections. The evolution of groundwater chemistry,
the suitability of geothermometers and the feature of karst development were deduced and discussed using the speciation modeling
and mass balance approach.
Project partially supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation. 相似文献