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《地球物理学进展》1989,(3)
地幔中残留有挥发物,这有着无可辩驳的证据。偶尔溶于地幔喷发物中的地幔岩的捕虏体,在橄榄石和辉石晶体内的闭合裂缝上普遍存在着气泡(例如Roedder,1965)。对这些气泡的分析再次表明,它们实际上是纯CO_2和痕量惰性气体,伴随着火山爆发喷出的挥发物也同样富含CO_2。虽然H_2O也是这些挥发物的主要成分,但同位素研究有力地证明了水是地壳的污染物。来自金伯利岩筒的捕虏体,其晶粒边界常常蛇纹石化,但是同位素研究表明这种水也属地壳污染物。可是,这些捕虏体多数含有金云母,而这些金云母显然是与地幔共生的,它具有地幔同位素特征。另一方面,对来自大洋和构造带的捕虏体内含水矿物的分析表明,它们通常是含氧角闪石和含氟金云母。因此,一系列证据证明,除次大陆岩石圈外,地幔中确实存在CO_2,但对H_2O的存在,证据不足。 相似文献
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中国东部新生代碱性玄武岩中产出的巨晶、辉石岩和橄榄岩等地幔捕虏体内硫化物熔体包裹体的矿物组成不尽相同,反映了它们成因上的差异巨晶中除有磁黄铁矿相的硫化物熔体包裹体外还有一些磁黄铁矿士黄铜矿上镍黄铁矿共生的硫化物熔体包裹体这反映它们是在成分接近于上地幔硫化物平均组成的硫化物液滴逐步冷却过程中形成,即首先在1000℃以上的高温晶出单硫化物固溶体（MSS）,然后在大约850℃晶出黄铜矿（固溶体）,最后在610-300℃下由MSS中溶离出镍黄铁矿辉石岩中硫化物熔体包裹体有磁黄铁矿和镍黄铁矿,而橄榄岩中主要为镍黄铁矿这表明地慢部分熔融造成残余的橄榄岩中硫化物包裹体富Ni,生成镍黄铁矿;而在部分熔融期间作为堆晶产出的辉石岩变得相对贫Ni,可以生成磁黄铁矿．另外,Ni在橄榄石和辉石矿物中分配系数的不同也许是另一个原因河北汉诺坝、福建明溪和闽清的二辉橄榄岩中出现的硫化物都是镍黄铁矿,也表明它们经历过地幔部分熔融. 相似文献
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本文报道了鲁西早白垩世高镁闪长岩中异剥橄榄岩捕虏体的岩相学与矿物化学资料,以便揭示异剥橄榄岩的成因和岩石圈地幔的深部过程.岩相学研究表明,异剥橄榄岩捕虏体呈浑圆状产于高镁闪长质侵入体中,大小介于3cm×4cm×5cm～3cm×2cm×1cm,并且橄榄石呈残留孤岛状存在于单斜辉石中.矿物化学研究表明,橄榄石的镁橄榄石分子(Fo)介于89～91,Ni=1414～3629ppm,类似于新生代幔源橄榄岩捕虏体中橄榄石的成分,但略低于早白垩世方辉橄榄岩中橄榄石的成分.橄榄石的δ18O值介于(6.03‰±0.33‰)～(6.82‰±0.35‰)(平均值为(6.5‰±0.4‰)),高于典型幔源橄榄岩中橄榄石的δ18O组成(5.2‰±0.3‰).与晚白垩世和新生代玄武岩中地幔橄榄岩捕虏体里的单斜辉石相比,异剥橄榄岩捕掳体中单斜辉石的Na2O,TiO2和Al2O3含量相对偏低,而CaO含量、Mg#值(91.2～94.1)和Ti/Eu比值(Ti/Eu=2082～2845)明显偏高,但与早白垩世高镁闪长岩中方辉橄榄岩里的单斜辉石成分类似单斜辉石以较低的稀土元素(REE)丰度、富集轻稀土元素(LREE)的配分型式和强烈亏损高场强元素(如Nb,Ta,Zr和Hf)为特点.此外,异剥橄榄岩的87Sr/86Sr,143Nd/144Nd和187Os/188Os(125Ma)比值分别变化于0.70596～0.70737,0.512181～0.512416和0.12661～0.57650.上述特征表明异剥橄榄岩为地幔橄榄岩受再循环陆壳物质熔体改造所成. 相似文献
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根据地层与同位素年代确定华北第四纪火山的时代为更新世 (Qp) ,距今 0 4Ma为火山活动高潮期。山西大同火山群东部火山为拉斑玄武岩 ,西部为碱性玄武岩 ;山东火山岩石碱性最强 ,为橄榄玄武岩 ,Sr同位素87Sr- 86Sr为 0 70 347～ 0 70 4 6 1,推测岩浆为地幔部分熔融的原始岩浆。对玄武岩中幔源包体的矿物进行了大量的电子探针分析 ,计算出其平衡温度为 880～ 110 0℃ ,平衡压力为 0 8～ 2 0GPa。由此推导的上地幔地温线低于由第三纪玄武岩中包体推导的地温线。上地幔的差异应力为 13～ 31MPa ,并随温度的升高而降低 ;应变速率为 7 78× 10 - 2 0 ～ 1 2 1× 10 - 14 s- 1,并随温度的升高而增大。研究结果表明 ,第四纪时期仍然存在上地幔底辟上涌 ,但其规模和活动强度均变弱 相似文献
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为了观测含碳酸盐地幔岩部分熔融过程中电导率的变化,厘清碳酸盐熔体在金伯利岩岩浆形成过程中所起的作用,并探讨Slave克拉通中部Lac de Gras地区约80～120km深处的高导成因,我们利用DS 3600t六面顶压机和Solartron 1260阻抗/增益-相位分析仪在1.0～3.0GPa、673～1873K温压条件下分别测量了含碳酸钠(Na_2CO_3)、碳酸钙(CaCO_3)和大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)的地幔岩样品的电导率.实验结果表明,地幔岩样品的电导率主要受到温度和组分的影响,而压力对其影响较小.在温度低于1023K时,含Na_2CO_3地幔岩样品的电导率明显高于含同比重CaCO_3和MORB的;温度达到1023K时,含Na_2CO_3地幔岩样品开始熔融;但在之后的200K温度区间内,该部分熔融样品的电导率随温度的增加几乎不发生变化.这一现象或许揭示:地幔深部的碳酸质岩浆在快速上升过程中会同化吸收岩石圈地幔中的斜方辉石(Opx),进而形成金伯利岩岩浆,期间岩浆的电导率几乎不发生变化.含CaCO_3和MORB的地幔岩样品分别在1723K和1423K开始熔融,其部分熔融样品的电导率随温度的增加而快速增加.依据前人的研究结果和我们的实验结果,我们认为可以用含碳酸盐的部分熔融样品来解释Slave克拉通中部Lac de Gras地区约80～120km深处的异常高导现象,并推测熔体中碳酸盐的熔体比例小于2wt.%. 相似文献
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长白山火山的历史与演化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
长白山火山跨越中朝两国,在我国境内包括天池火山、望天鹅火山、图们江火山和龙岗火山,火山活动从上新世持续到近代,是我国最大的第四纪火山分布区。长白山火山的母岩浆是钾质粗面玄武岩,将长白山火山岩区称钾质粗面玄武岩省,岩浆结晶分异作用和混合作用主导了岩浆演化过程。天池火山之下地壳岩浆房和地幔岩浆房具双动式喷发特点,一方面来自地幔的钾质粗厨玄武岩浆直接喷出地表;另一方面钾质粗面玄武岩浆持续补给地壳岩浆房,发生岩浆分离结晶作用和混合作用,导致双峰式火山岩分布特征和触发千年大喷发。西太平洋板块俯冲-东北亚大陆弧后引张是长白山火山活动的动力学机制。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(10)
新疆东北部三塘湖地区是中亚造山带的重要组成部分,其二叠纪岩浆活动的动力学机制颇有争议.该区中二叠世条湖组出露一套厚层火山岩,以玄武岩为主,并有少量苦橄质岩、安山岩等.苦橄质岩具橄榄石的堆晶结构,其Mg#值高达0.68~0.77;玄武岩具有斑状和粗玄结构,其Mg#值相对较低(0.41~0.54),显示出演化的特征.条湖组基性-超基性岩具轻稀土略富集的右倾稀土配分模式,虽然在微量元素蛛网图上表现出Nb和Ti的负异常,但是总体具有较高的Ti O2含量,而且Nb,Zr含量以及Nb/Y,Zr/Yb比值远高于弧火山岩,较低的Sr同位素初始比值和高正?Nd(t)和?Hf(t)值表明未受古老大陆地壳物质的混染,该区条湖组基性-超基性岩很可能是遭受俯冲流体交代,萃取而相对难熔的亏损岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的.另外,苦橄质岩中橄榄石的堆晶高达38%,显示亏损岩石圈地幔部分熔融程度高,而条湖组下伏地层芦草沟组显示有深部地幔过碱性岩浆活动,表明三塘湖地区发生了大范围的高热地幔物质底垫作用,该过程可能与地幔柱作用有关. 相似文献
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胶东海阳所高压变质基性岩的岩石化学和地球化学 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
胶东海阳所一带有大量变质基性岩呈巨大的岩块或构造透镜体发育在高度变形的花岗质片麻岩中. 这些岩石主要是石榴辉石麻粒岩、榴辉岩化的麻粒岩以及角闪 岩, 原岩成分从橄榄拉斑玄武岩到石英拉斑玄武岩, 表现出由富Mg向富Fe方向演化的拉斑玄武岩趋势. Pearce元素比值斜率法证明, 这些基性岩是由同一岩浆系列, 经由斜长石、橄榄石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用形成. 尽管大离子亲石元素受到变质作用的改变, 微量元素组成也显示了结晶分异作用特征, 如微量和稀土元素相互平行的配分型式、Ni和Ce的相关关系以及Sr的逐渐增强的亏损, Nd同位素资料与微量元素资料一致指示了亏损地幔的来源. 海阳所变质基性岩不是蛇绿岩的碎片, 其形成也与俯冲消减作用无关, 很可能是大陆环境的岩浆系列. Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄2252±180 Ma大致指示了原岩的形成时代. 因此, 早在三叠纪晚期大别-苏鲁超高压碰撞造山带形成以前, 海阳所基性岩就已经作为扬子板块基底的一部分存在了大约2000 Ma. 相似文献
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上地幔尖晶石-石榴石相转变实验研究及其意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用新生代玄武岩中地幔岩捕掳体的矿物、岩石天然样品进行尖晶石与石榴石的相转变实验研究,结果发现尖晶石二辉橄榄岩与石榴石二辉橄榄岩相转变条件(T=1100℃和P=1.8～2.0GPa)与中国东部五相共存的尖晶石/石榴石二辉橄榄岩P-T平衡条件一致.提出中国东部大陆上地幔55～70km深处存在几公里至十几公里厚的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩与石榴石二辉橄榄岩相转变带.尖晶石辉石岩向石榴石辉石岩相转变深度小于55km.实验结果还揭示水促使地幔交代作用,但又抑制了相转变.同时讨论了矿物成分分带现象. 相似文献
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Transition from platemargin to intraplate environment: Geochemistry of basalts in Paleogene Liaohe basin,northeastern China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
WU Changzhi GU Lianxing REN Zuowei ZHANG Zunzhong CHEN Zhenyan & ZHAO Ming . State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(12):2069-2080
Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic rocks are widely distributed in the circum-Pacific area of eastern China. These rocks have long been genetically linked to westward subduction of the paleo-Pacific oceanic plate to the eastern Asia continent[1,2]. Research in re-cent years[3―6] has attained conclusions that a simple paleo-Pacific subduction model does not work well in interpreting all the volcanic rocks in eastern China, although some of them could be attributed to circum-Pacific interaction … 相似文献
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Abstract Isotopic compositions of He, Ne and Ar were measured on Plio–Quaternary alkaline basalts of Marib–Sirwah and Shuqra volcanic fields in Yemen, south-western Arabian Peninsula. Very high 3 He/4 He isotope ratios were found in olivine phenocrysts of some Quaternary alkaline basalts in both volcanic fields, located on the margin of the dispersed Afar mantle plume, compared with the Afar–Ethiopian province in the center of the mantle plume. This suggests that the Afar mantle plume source may consist of common component (C or focal zone (FOZO)) with variable primordial 3 He/4 He ratio rather than high μ mantle (HIMU) component. The three component mixing C as the Afar mantle plume, depleted mantle (DM) as upper mantle and lithospheric mantle with a hybrid enriched mantle I–II (EM I–EM II) characteristics may be adequate to explain He–Sr–Nd–Pb isotope variation for the Afar–Arabian Cenozoic volcanics. The occurrence of high 3 He/4 He ratios in the Marib–Sirwah volcanic field appears to show that the primitive basaltic magma, derived from the margin of the dispersed trous-like Afar mantle plume during 15–0 Ma, was not by contamination of lithospheric and upper mantle materials in comparison with that from the center of the Afar mantle plume as a result of relatively low thermal anomaly. 相似文献
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J. Keller 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1974,38(1):378-396
In Central Anatolia, Quaternary olivine basalts overlie the Neogene calcalkaline and sialic post-orogenic volcanic series. Crater forms, cones and lava fields generally exhibit a very fresh morphology suggesting a sub-recent age. Near the town of Karapinar, eruptions took place through the shallow waters of a lake which occupied the present Konya-Eregli plain during Quaternary times. Depending on the varying influence of phreatomagmatic effects, hyaloclastitic tuff rings and maar craters, both rich in sideromelane and its palagonitic alteration products, or subaerial red cinder cones developed. The maar phase is characterized by a large development of base surge structures. The basalts are alkaline and, mostly, Ne-normative and are distinct for their low TiO2 content and low Fe/Mg ratio from the alkali olivine basalts from oceanic and stable continental areas. 相似文献
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Abundances of major and trace elements were determined for the Tertiary volcanic rocks from SW Hokkaido. The Late Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks of this region show geochemical features similar to those of the Quaternary rocks, that is, K/Si, Th/Si and LREE/HREE ratios increasing across the arc, east to west, from the Pacific to the Japan Sea side. In contrast, the Early Miocene volcanic rocks, which are geographically restricted to the Japan Sea coast, are distinct from all later volcanics and show “within-plate” characteristics — in particular, high concentrations of HFS elements. The Quaternary basalts have low Hf/Yb ratios and Hf contents, whereas the Early Miocene basalts are high in Hf/Yb and Hf, similar to Hawaiian alkali basalts. The compositional variation with time may result from the progressive depletion of incompatible HFS elements in the mantle source. Th/Yb ratios increase from Early Miocene to Quaternary, possibly reflecting increase in the LIL element contribution to the mantle source during that time. 相似文献
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The Cenozoic basalts from eastern China show commonly high Fe/Mn ratios (average = 68.6 ± 11.5) coupled with OIB-type trace element signature. The Cenozoic basalts form the northern margin and the southern margin of the North China Craton are studied in detail. Model calculations point out that the coupling feature of high Fe/Mn ratio with OIB-type trace element signature of these basalts cannot be produced by neither pyroxene/olivine crystallization nor remelting of previously melted mantle, but require partial melting of a garnet pyroxenite-rich mantle source. Combining these features of the Cenozoic basalts with the Phanerozoic lithospheric evolution of the eastern China, we suggest that the Cenozoic basalts were derived from a garnet pyroxenite-rich mantle source associated with continental crust delamination or oceanic crust subduction. 相似文献
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The Sunda Arc of Indonesia developed along the convergent margin between the Eurasian and the Australian Plates. More than 100 Quaternary volcanic centers occur along the arc. The West Java Arc is a segment of the Sunda Arc in which more than 10 volcanic centers are located, corresponding to the 120 to 200 km depth contours of the Wadati–Benioff zone. The geochemistry of 207 Quaternary lavas from six centers across the arc was investigated. The lavas range from basalt to dacite. Incompatible element abundances increase from the volcanic front to the rear‐arc in response to a change from low‐K to high‐K suites. Nd–Sr isotope compositions of the basalts scatter between mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) source mantle and Indian Ocean sediment (SED) compositions, with volcanic front low‐K basalts having more radiogenic Nd than the rear‐arc basalts. It is suggested that mixing between slab‐derived fluids mainly from the SED and melt from MORB source mantle played a significant role in determining the geochemistry of the West Java basalts. Incompatible element patterns in primitive mantle normalized multi‐element plots are almost identical across the arc, except for greater inclination and weaker positive Sr spikes in the rear‐arc basalts. This suggests a lower degree of partial melting in the rear‐arc mantle, accompanied by change in SED fluid composition between the volcanic front and the rear‐arc. The latter is confirmed by fluid‐fluxed melting model calculations using multiple trace elements and Nd and Sr isotopes. All the West Java Arc lavas require deficit of Sr from the slab SED. This may occur due to selective breakdown of Sr‐rich hydrous silicate minerals, such as zoisite, at shallower depths before the SED component reaches the depth of dehydration effective for magma genesis. The rear‐arc basalts need further Sr deficits along with lesser fluid. These features are commonly observed in many arc basalts, and are likely attributable to the same mechanism. 相似文献
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大同盆地第四纪的火山可以划分为两部分:西北区(通常称大同火山群)和东南区。西北区的火山群属典型的中心式喷发,其玄武熔岩是碱性橄榄玄武岩。东南区的火山岩属裂隙式喷溢,其玄武岩流主要是由橄榄拉斑玄武岩组成。本文概括了这两个地区的玄武岩类在岩石学、地球化学、稀土和微量元素等方面的差别和各自的特点 相似文献
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(二)由新变晶大小估计地幔应力近些年来,据天然橄榄石的变形结构、显微亚构造及实验研究的结果,提出了多种估计上地幔应力的方法。Nicolas(1978)曾对此进行过综合评述。归纳起来有两类方法,一类是建立在位错显微构造基础上的方法,如根据橄榄石的位错密度和位错曲率与应力之间的经验关系或亚颗粒大小与应力之间的关系来估算应力值;另一类方法是由动力重结晶的橄榄石晶粒(新变晶)的大小来估计上地幔应力的方法。对同一样品采用上述诸方法常不能得到相 相似文献
20.
F.L. Sutherland 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1974,24(2):317-324
Spinel-lherzolite xenoliths have been found in olivine tholeiite near Andover in the Tasmanian Tertiary volcanic province. They show a high-pressure mineralogy of predominant olivine (Mg90), with aluminous enstatite (Mg90) and lesser aluminous diopside and chrome-bearing spinel, and resemble lherzolite xenoliths commonly found in undersaturated lavas. Such xenoliths are unusual in tholeiitic basalts and the occurrence directly attests to a mantle origin for at least some tholeiitic magmas.The lherzolites are accompanied by doleritic and pyroxenitic xenoliths and by olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase xenocrysts. If near-liquidus phases are represented amongst the xenocrysts, then the magnesian number of the host basalt and its xenocryst assemblage provisionally suggest a magma derived by more than 15–20% partial melting of mantle peridotite, before commencing xenocryst crystallisation at pressures between 8–13 kbar.With this new record, lherzolite-bearing lavas in Tasmania now cover an extremely wide compositional range, extending from highly undersaturated olivine melilitite to olivine tholeiite. They also include a considerable number of fractionated alkaline rocks that are only sparsely reported in the literature as lherzolite hosts. This latter group contains representatives of a previously suggested but unestablished alkaline fractionation series based on olivine nephelinite, viz. calcic olivine nephelinite → sodic olivine nephelinite → potassi-sodic olivine nephelinite → mafic nepheline benmoreite → mafic phonolite.Lherzolite and megacryst-bearing lavas are relatively more abundant in peripheral parts to the main basalt sequences in Tasmania. This suggests that they developed in fringing zones of less intense mantle melting which enhanced stagnation and fractionation of magmas within the mantle before eruption. Calculated crustal thicknesses under these areas suggest that the magmas were generated at pressures exceeding 6–11 kbar, with the Andover tholeiitic magma exceeding 9 kbar. 相似文献