共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
地震海洋学是利用反射地震方法探测海水温盐结构的一门新兴交叉学科．其主要优势在于水平方向的分辨率较高,能够弥补传统物理海洋学观测在时空尺度上的缺陷,为研究温盐结构、海洋动力过程提供了一种可视化手段．本文将追溯地震海洋学的发展历程,详细阐述近年在地震剖面和海水温盐结构的关系、内波、地中海涡旋、潜流等海洋学现象研究以及在海水温度结构反演、地震波模拟等定量研究方面的最新进展．最后展望地震海洋学今后的发展,阐述了未来可能取得突破的7个研究领域,如混合,内波的3D波包等． 相似文献
2.
地震海洋学是通过传统反射地震勘探方法研究物理海洋学的一种新方法.相对于传统的接触式温盐深测量方法,该方法具有较高的横向分辨率和能快速对整个海水剖面成像等优点,是一种非常有前途的新方法.本文将详细阐述反射地震方法在探测海洋锋温盐细结构、刻画水团边界、海洋内波、黑潮等方面的研究进展.目前海水层温度差异主要通过叠加剖面的反射轴振幅计算得到,但是叠加剖面并没有做真振幅处理.为了解决计算过程中的误差,最后提出在地震海洋学仲利用真振幅偏移结果可以使计算更加合理的设想. 相似文献
3.
海洋反射地震通常用于调查、研究海底地质构造,勘探油气与天然气水合物资源.近期研究表明多道反射地震方法也可以对水柱的热盐细结构成像.中尺度涡与内波是重要的物理海洋现象,但是常规的物理海洋调查是在间隔若干公里的离散测站上进行的,水平分辨率较低,因此对中尺度涡的结构与内波的横向分布了解较差.本文利用在大西洋东部、南海采集的地震数据给出了低频反射地震可以对中尺度涡与内波清晰成像的新的证据.反射地震方法较传统海洋观测手段,具有明显的优势,主要体现在高的水平分辨率和短时间内对整个海水剖面进行成像方面．从地震剖面上,能够清楚地观测到中尺度涡、内波造成的反射特征变化,从而有助于改进对能量在不同尺度的海水运动之间传递过程的认识. 相似文献
4.
利用地震数据反演海水的温盐分布是地震海洋学研究的一个重要方向.本文分析了采集于伊比利亚半岛西南缘海域的GOLR12低频地震数据和同步观测的XBT(eXpendable BathyThermograph)、CTD(Conductivity-Temperature-Depth)资料,将叠后约束波阻抗反演方法应用到海水温度、盐度剖面的计算当中,计算结果显示这种反演方法可以提供水平分辨率为6.25 m的温度和盐度资料,温度的精度约为0.16 ℃,可以为物理海洋学研究提供高横向分辨率的基础数据. 相似文献
5.
利用地震剖面获取海水层温度、盐度、密度等物理参数成为地震海洋学研究的一个重要问题.本文提出了以CTD(Conductivity-Temperature-Depth)温盐深剖面仪观测资料为约束的波阻抗、温-盐结构反演方法.该方法包括两个步骤:首先把少量的CTD作为"约束井"进行地震数据的波阻抗反演;然后利用从CTD资料获得的研究海区的温-盐关系式,结合波阻抗数据反演得到温度和盐度剖面.通过合成数据的试算表明,基于少量的CTD资料控制,利用地震数据可以反演得到高分辨率的二维温度、盐度结构.基于地震数据的温-盐结构反演方法有望弥补传统物理海洋学观测方法的不足,为海洋学研究提供大量的基础数据,有广泛的应用前景. 相似文献
6.
Spatially averaged temperature and salinity profiles from individual cruises between 1990 and 2009 were analysed to outline the temporal evolution of water mass properties in the deep convection site in the South Adriatic Pit (SAP). The long-term variability in thermohaline conditions has been explained and related to a close feedback mechanism between the Ionian and the Adriatic Sea. Prominent influences of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient are manifested in changes in the vertical temperature and salinity patterns in the South Adriatic, and the whole studied period was divided into three stages according to the main thermohaline characteristics: 1990-1995, 1995-2004 and the last period from 2005 onwards.Particular attention was given to data collected during 2006-2009, which permitted us to situate the actual thermohaline properties in the context of the decadal variability. This last period was characterised by a very low production of dense water in the northern basin during 2007, while from winter 2008 high production of North Adriatic Deep Water (NAdDW) and Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW) in the northern and southern basins, respectively, was observed. Finally, we used the Optimum Multiparameter Analysis (OMP) to identify the percentages of the different water masses contained in the SAP, and this highlighted some differences between two recent periods studied (2007 and 2008) and the production of dense waters. 相似文献
7.
C Palma AI Lillebø C Borges M Souto E Pereira AC Duarte MP Abreu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(9):1884-1894
This study provides data concerning the hydrography and water chemistry of the Atlantic region between 29-38° N and 27-31° W, and establishes background values for dissolved Cu, Cd, Pb and As. Three water masses were identified: the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW), the Mediterranean Water (MW) and the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The ENACW exhibits a clear meridional gradient of temperature and salinity, with comparatively high values at the southern sites and lower values on the Azores platform. The ENACW, which includes the euphotic zone, also had comparatively high concentrations of oxygen and lower concentrations of nutrients and metals. The Cu, Cd and Pb results suggest that new background concentrations for OSPAR Region V (the Wider Atlantic) should be established as follows: 0.15-13nM for Cu, 0.05-1.4nM for Cd and 0.03-5nM for Pb. The background concentrations of As for OSPAR Region V should be 7-28nM. 相似文献
8.
A fine-resolution primitive equation numerical model is constructed for the Iberian continental shelf and slope region, with open boundaries to the north, south and west. The model is forced by climatological wind fields and relaxed at the surface to climatological temperature and salinity fields. A series of numerical experiments is conducted to investigate the influence of the open boundary conditions. The numerical results include coastal upwelling in summer and a poleward current in winter. The effects of advection of Mediterranean Water and eastern North Atlantic Central Water feature in the circulation. Qualitative comparisons are made with observations. 相似文献
9.
在中国大陆科学钻探孔区 (江苏省东海县南部 )进行了系统的地球物理调查 ,包括二维地震测网和专门的地震剖面 ,大地电磁法和位场方法等 .地震调查表明 ,在超高压变质岩出露区上地壳充满了反射体 ,包括倾斜反射体与上拱的反射弧 .本文介绍大陆科学钻探先行研究中地震调查的成果 .根据大陆科学钻探预先导孔的岩芯和测井资料、井旁VSP和数值模拟结果证实 ,高波速的榴辉岩体、破碎断裂带和大型韧性剪切带都可引起倾斜的地震反射 ,而上拱的弧形反射体则是由近似直立的榴辉岩体和其中的破碎带的综合反映 .由于地壳深部广泛分布着经受变质的岩石 ,上述研究结果对标定地壳中的反射地震信号具有一定意义 相似文献
10.
已有的内波研究多来自单点的垂直剖面观测资料,但研究内波水平特征的实测资料却非常缺乏．利用反射地震方法研究海水温盐结构,具有高水平分辨率和短时间内对整个海水垂直剖面进行成像的优势,能够弥补传统物理海洋学观测方法的缺陷,为研究海洋内波提供有前景的新手段．本文通过对南海东北部地震剖面的重新处理、分析,认为地震叠加剖面上同相轴呈现的起伏变化反映了内波的总体形态．计算的水平波数能量密度谱与GM76模型谱基本一致,但在低波数段和高波数段中,两者的振幅及斜率存在着一定差异,经分析认为这种差异主要与内潮波和复杂海底地形的强烈非线性相互作用以及内波破碎等因素有关 相似文献
11.
Ola M. Johannessen Alexander Korablev Victoria Miles Martin W. Miles Knut E. Solberg 《Surveys in Geophysics》2011,32(4-5):387-396
Recent observations of ocean temperature in several Greenland fjords suggest that ocean warming can cause large changes in the outlet glaciers in these fjords. We have observed the Helheim outlet-glacier front in the Sermilik Fjord over the last three decades using satellite images, and the vertical fjord temperature and salinity during three summer expeditions, 2008?C2010. We show that the subsurface water below 250 m depth is the warm saline Atlantic Water from the Irminger Sea penetrating into the fjord and exposing the lower part of the Helheim glacier to warm water up to 4°C. Lagged correlation analysis spanning the 30-year time series, using the subsurface Atlantic Water temperature off the coast as a proxy for the variability of the subsurface warm Atlantic Water in the fjord, indicates that 24% of the Helheim ice-front movement can be accounted for by ocean temperature. A strong correlation (?C0.75) between the ice-front position and the surface air temperature from a nearby meteorological station suggests that the higher air temperature causes melting and subsequent downward percolation of meltwater through crevasses leading to basal lubrication; the correlation accounts for 56% of the ice-front movement. The precise contribution of air temperature versus ocean temperature however, remains an open question, as more oceanographic and meteorological measurements are needed close to the glacier terminus. 相似文献
12.
通过对洱源-江川宽角反射地震资料的叠前偏移处理成像，得到了一个类似于近垂直入射多道地震数据的记录剖面.反射剖面图像与地壳速度结构共同揭示出地壳厚度由剖面西北端(约45 km)向东南端(约40 km)减薄.在洱源-楚雄西北附近深度约10 km处存在一组向东南倾斜的强反射震相，其东南约50 km处存在向西北倾斜的强射震相.易门断裂两侧地壳反射属性具有明显的差异，易门断裂之西北方向深度25～40 km处，中下地壳内存在两组强振幅，向东南方向上倾的地震反射同相轴，并被楚雄-建水断裂后期所错断，易门断裂之东南方向上，地壳内反射较为均一，未见特别明显的强间断面反射信息，这个反射结构被解释为印度板块东向俯冲与藏东缘地壳物质东向逃逸综合作用导致下地壳增厚和厚地壳变形的结果. 相似文献
13.
Seismic reflection methods provide continuous access both to stratigraphy (vertical) and to subsurface morphology (horizontal), for which the scales of interest may differ by orders of magnitude. Seismic surveys of Quaternary successions have generally sought to optimise vertical resolution, through the use of higher source frequency content. Here, I show that low-frequency bandwidth is not necessarily a limiting factor for the seismic resolution of glacigenic morpho-sedimentary features. Observations are presented from a buried network of large mid-Pleistocene (Elsterian) tunnel-valleys in the southern North Sea Basin, across a 100×130 km study area with water depths less than 30 m. Low-frequency 2D and 3D seismic multi-channel data, acquired for deeper hydrocarbon exploration, are compared with previously available high-frequency single- and multi-channel profiles (5–15 km grid spacing). The low-frequency data contribute to a new understanding of the basal morphology and fill stratigraphy of the tunnel-valleys, in part due to higher data densities (≥1 km grid spacing), but also to improved imaging of reflectors at depth. The tunnel-valleys are seen to be overdeepened troughs, shallow (≤0.5 km) relative to their widths (≤6 km). The basal unconformity defines a series of arborescent elements, convergent to the south; erosional overlap by younger elements to the north has resulted in anastomosing patterns in places. The fill is dominated by axially downlapping clinoforms, descending to the north, onlapped and overlain by subhorizontal reflectors. Well data show that sand-dominated glaciofluvial sediments are overlain by glaciolacustrine to marine muds. Better definition of the clinoforms on low- versus high-frequency multi-channel data is suggested to reflect the coarse spatial scale of the backset glaciofluvial strata. The results support a simple interpretation of time-transgressive tunnel-valley formation by coeval glaciofluvial erosion and backfill beneath the outer tens of kilometres of the northward receding Elsterian ice sheet margin. Comparable submarginal interpretations have been proposed for drainage features (tunnel-valleys and eskers) of the last deglaciation of both northern Europe and North America using integrated geomorphologic and stratigraphic methods. Commercial 2D and 3D seismic data are widely available from exploration areas such as the North Sea and are argued to constitute an underexploited resource for Quaternary research. 相似文献
14.
反射地震方法一般用于地下地质结构的探测.本文采用南海东北部的一条地震测线记录,通过对水体反射信号的处理,获取了该测线上海水的声速剖面,并获得了海水水体结构的直观图像.在反射地震剖面上,可以看出南海东北部上层海水结构较为稳定,没有明显的水体侵入痕迹,但中、深层海水中内波较为发育,这与物理海洋学上的研究结果是一致的.本文通过设计合理的数据模型说明了地震海洋学这种方法的可行性,并对地震海洋学的工作方法和方向上提出了一些意见和建议. 相似文献
15.
Profiles of salinity, temperature, oxygen and nutrients for a station at 35°46.5′N and 67°59.8′W show the influence of the five major sources of deep water in the North Atlantic Ocean. The presence of distinct, identifiable cores of water types, far removed from their sources, together with linear relationships between salinity and both oxygen and silicate in the deep water suggest that horizontal mixing processes predominate over vertical dissipation and in situ production or loss processes in determining the distribution of these tracers in the deep western Atlantic Ocean. 相似文献
16.
L. Linacre R. Durazo J.M. Hernández-Ayón F. Delgadillo-Hinojosa G. Cervantes-Díaz J.R. Lara-Lara V. Camacho-Ibar A. Siqueiros-Valencia C. Bazán-Guzmán 《Continental Shelf Research》2010
The temporal variability of the physical and chemical conditions of coastal waters off Ensenada, Baja California (Mexico) was characterized. A historical analysis was made based on 11 years (1998–2008) of temperature and salinity data records measured quarterly by IMECOCAL, along a transect perpendicular to the coast (CalCOFI line 100). Moreover, the physical and chemical conditions at a coastal monitoring observatory called station ENSENADA were described using a 2-year data series (October 2006–November 2008) obtained with improved temporal resolution. The historical analysis of line 100 showed marked seasonal variability in the thermohaline conditions associated with fluctuations in the flow of the equatorward California Current and the poleward California Undercurrent, as well as with coastal upwelling events whose magnitude and frequency increase towards spring–summer. Interannual variability was also observed, related to warm and/or cold ENSO phases that modify the characteristics of the water column in this coastal region. The most striking characteristics of the interannual variability at station ENSENADA were La Niña conditions recorded from summer 2007 to mid 2008. During this cold ENSO phase, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, density, and dissolved inorganic carbon data revealed the anomalous presence of subsurface water at the surface layers in spring 2008. Results suggest that the coastal observatory is sensitive to the temporal variability of hydrographic conditions on shelf coastal waters (<50 km) off Ensenada in the northern BC region. Consequently, station ENSENADA would be a good location to high-frequency monitors the oceanographic conditions of the transitional region between tropical/subtropical and subarctic systems of the California Current System. 相似文献
17.
The influence of the mesoscale eddy on seismic wave propagation and seismic imaging in deep sea is investigated. Based on fundamental fluid equations, an appropriate partial differential equation is derived for the acoustic pressure field in water with eddies, including current effects. Seismic wavefields and synthetic seismograms in the center of the eddy are simulated. Numerical experiments demonstrate that velocity variations caused by the eddy can lead to traveltime perturbations. Further, in seismic images, the reflectors below the water layer are positioned incorrectly due to the perturbation of the eddy and this image perturbation depends linearly on the migration velocity of the layer below the corresponding reflector. The zero-offset seismic profiling throughout the affected area of the eddy shows that the maximum traveltime perturbation appears at the center of the eddy and the structure of horizontal reflectors below the water layer are distorted. 相似文献
18.
Methods of statistical analysis and GIS Sakhalin Shelf have been used to reconstruct the annual variations of water temperature, salinity, and density from the surface to the bed at 60 standard oceanographic stations on northeastern Sakhalin shelf (with the total duration of observations of ～40 years). Numerical simulation using Bergen University oceanic model has been applied to calculate the spatial fields of water temperature and salinity at standard horizons in nodes of a regular grid. The analysis of calculation results revealed new features of the hydrological regime and gave previously unknown thermohaline fields with maximal detail for full annual cycle. The obtained data were used to evaluate the mean monthly three-dimensional water circulation. 相似文献
19.
According to the geological and seismic reflection data of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) main-hole (MH), and the anomalies of CH4, CO2, and He are correlated to the three-component seismic reflectors, especially in horizontal component profiles. However, the seismic response is dif-ficult to be explained as the porosity of crystalline rocks is only about 1% in well section where the gas anomalies occur. Seismic velocity measurement of the MH cores indicated that compared with wa-ter-saturated rock samples, seismic velocity (especially the S-wave) could be distinctly decreased by gas contained in tiny cracks despite of the low porosity, and then notable seismic response could be induced in gas-filled crystalline rocks. It could be predicated that if the porosity of certain rocks in the middle crust rose due to water-rock interaction and had natural gas filled, then there would be more probability for natural gas in top of the mid-crust to fill in the crystalline rocks with increased porosity. In such case, based on the decrease of Swave velocity in crystalline rocks, seismic method could be applied in the future to explore natural gas reservoirs in the middle crust. 相似文献
20.
A.M. Soward 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1983,32(4):363-364
The development of near-vertical reflection methods for investigating the continental crust is strongly related to progress that has been made in seismic prospecting and in wide-angle observation in crustal refraction studies. Owing to the good structural resolution of near-vertical reflection methods, many details concerning first-order interfaces in the upper and lower crust have been established. While reflectors in the upper crust often appear to resemble thrust faults or diffractions from dome-like structures, increased reflectivity of the lower crust often provides indications of strong interactions with the underlying mantle. Differences in reflection density in U.S. and W. German surveys may be attributed mainly to the different tectonic styles, rather than to the use of different techniques. The occurrence of some reflectors with negative polarity within the band of reflections in the lower crust supports the concept of a laminated crust-mantle transition. A negative reflection polarity has also been detected at a low-velocity, gouge-containing thrust fault in the upper crust. The velocity resolution of near-vertical techniques can be improved over that of wide-angle methods by using spread lengths greater than 15 km. Regarding the accretion of the crust, both autochthonous creation from the underlying mantle, and horizontal, allochthonous accretion along thrust faults play a major role. The detection of sediments below such thrust planes and of magma bodies along other fault zones provides an interesting new view for prospecting surveys. 相似文献