首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
山西交城断裂带多个大探槽全新世古地震活动对比研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
介绍了沿交城断裂带5个地点开挖探槽揭示的古地震情况.这5个大探槽分别沿交城断裂带北、中、南段分布,其中北段和中段各有2个地点,南段1个地点,探槽之间相距 11~35km.位于该断裂带北段和中段的4个探槽出露了断错全新世地层的断面,在这4个探槽中,位于断裂带北段的西张探槽和位于断裂带中段的新民探槽揭示的全新世3次古地震事件可进行对比,具有活动的同步性.由此显示交城断裂带的中段和北段在距今3 060~3 740a、接近5 910a及8 530~8 560a期间,曾发生3次有地表破裂的古地震事件.位于断裂带北段的冶峪探槽,由于探槽位于台地内冲沟右旋扭曲处,断错的最新地层的年代距今10 730a,其它断面断错晚更新世地层.位于断裂带中段的上固驿探槽地处洪积扇,断层带宽70m,断层走向N58°~74°E,断错的最新地层距今11 570a,揭示了NEE向田庄断层晚更新世时期的活动.位于断裂带南段窑头探槽所在的原始地形受到人工改造影响,探槽剖面揭示全新统覆盖在显示距今 3.0~3.5万年期间受到断裂活动影响的地层之上.交城断裂带5个地点的探槽开挖结果显示,该断裂带全新世时期的活动自南向北迁移.  相似文献   

2.
前人在山西交城断裂带上开挖过多个探槽,揭露出全新世3次古地震事件,但其研究结果尚不能确定该断裂带全新世活动段的北部边界.近期在该断裂带北端和中段又开挖了3个大型探槽,其中在阳曲县泥屯盆地西界开挖的龙王沟探槽,是一个由多个探槽组合成的大探槽,该探槽揭示的地层断错信息,将交城断裂带全新世活动的范围向北延伸了20km.另外2个大型探槽分别为交城断裂带中段瓦窑沟东侧台地前缘的瓦窑探槽与市儿口沟西侧T1阶地前缘的新民探槽.这3个大探槽均揭示出全新世中期(14C测年值为距今5 ~ 6ka)的垆土和淤泥层,以及多组平行分布的断面,所揭示的全新世3次古地震事件具有断错事件活动的同步性,可与前人探槽揭示的全新世断层活动事件相对比.3次断错活动时间分别距今3.06 ~3.53ka、5.32ka左右或6.14ka左右、8.36ka左右;3次事件的时间间隔分别为2.02 ~ 2.84ka和2.22 ~ 3.04ka.这些断错事件的同震垂直位移为1.5~4.7m,显示了7级以上地表破裂型的强震活动.最后讨论了探槽中14C测年样品的影响因素.  相似文献   

3.
内蒙古色尔腾山山前断裂带乌加河段古地震活动   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
通过对色尔腾山山前断裂带乌加河段断层地貌研究,并结合前人对断裂带断裂活动性的工作,分析得到乌加河活动断裂段晚更新世晚期(距今1.445~2.234万年)以来平均垂直位移速率是0.48~0.75 mm/a,全新世早中期以来(距今5 570~8 830年)平均垂直位移速率是0.56~ 0.88 mm/a.利用5个探槽中揭露的古地震现象,结合前人对该断裂带古地震的研究结果,分析确定出2.7万年以来,色尔腾山山前断裂乌加河段共揭露出5次古地震事件,重复间隔约为4 300~4 400年.距今8 000~9 000年之间可能为一个古地震丛,而距今1~2万年之间可能遗漏了两次古地震事件.对比断层陡坎的高度与探槽中揭示出古地震事件的位移和,以及由断层平均位移速率和一次事件的位移得到古地震的重复间隔,得到阿拉盖兔探槽中缺失了3次古地震事件,整个活动断裂段上可能缺失了两次古地震事件.   相似文献   

4.
蔚广盆地南缘断裂带唐山口段山前断层活动性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蔚广盆地是山西地堑系北端京西北盆岭构造区内的一个半地堑盆地,蔚广盆地南缘断裂带为控制该盆地形成的边界断裂。该断裂带位于唐山口段的山前断裂在冲洪积扇体上形成了线性特征显著的断层陡坎。横跨断层陡坎开挖的探槽表明该条山前断裂属于全新世活动断裂,探槽揭示了2条活动断层以及相应的3次古地震事件。在距今约9ka时其中一条断层首次活动,之后在距今约7.3ka时该条断层再次活动并引发了另一条断层的形成与同步活动。最后它们又发生了第三次活动,而最新一次活动的时间由于相应地表沉积的缺失而无法获得。这3次古地震事件的累积垂直位错约为8.1m。估算出整条山前断裂的平均复发周期约为1.7ka、平均滑动速率约为1.6mm/a。此外还依据经验公式估算出了各次古地震的参考震级。  相似文献   

5.
1975年海城MS7.3地震是中国第1次成功预报的7级以上破坏型地震,避免了大量人员和财产损失。但在地震后的调查中并没有发现较为连续的地表破裂带,只在零星地点发现了一些地表裂缝和喷砂冒水现象。该地震的等震线表现出较为明显的共轭特征,因此研究者对于海城地震的发震断层一直存在一定争议。文中对与海城河断裂共轭相交的金州断裂盖州北—鞍山段进行了遥感影像解译、微地貌测量和古地震探槽开挖等工作,发现金州断裂自大石桥市沿NE向至鞍山市南,在盆山过渡带的晚更新世和全新世地貌面上存在较为明显的沿NE向展布的断层陡坎。由于人类活动,断层陡坎展布不连续。断层陡坎的高度多为1~2m,最大可达3m;在海城市南葫芦峪村开挖的古地震探槽揭露出盖州北—鞍山段具有宽约20m的基岩破碎带,晚更新世晚期—全新世以来(距今(37.6±2.2) ka)至少发生过2次古地震事件。较新的一次地震发生于全新世(距今(11.7±0.8) ka以后,很可能为距今400~500a)。由于全新世地层太薄所限,无法识别出更多全新世古地震,但可以判断金州断裂盖州北—鞍山段为晚更新世晚期—全新世活动断裂。  相似文献   

6.
酒西盆地断层活动特征及古地震研究   总被引:21,自引:12,他引:21       下载免费PDF全文
通过室内航片判读和野外调查 ,在酒西盆地发现 3条全新世活动逆掩断层 ,它们全新世以来的垂直活动速率都很接近 ,为 0 18~ 0 2 5mm/a。通过探槽揭露出的 3条断层全新世以来各发生两次古地震事件。根据探槽揭露的古地震年代及断层活动所形成的微地貌特征分析 ,阴洼山断层是独立活动的 ;北大河断层和新民堡断层上的古地震事件在时间上可能非常接近 ,具有丛集特征 ,或者是一次地震事件分别破裂这两条断层 ,但目前的测年手段还无法区别它们是一次破裂事件形成还是时间上非常接近的两次事件所形成的  相似文献   

7.
郯庐断裂带是中国东部活动性最强的断裂带,郯庐断裂带江苏段主要由5条分支断层组成,并于更新世强烈活动,其中安丘-莒县断裂持续活动至全新世,是1668年郯城■级特大地震的发震断裂。文中采用古地震探槽方法研究安丘-莒县断裂江苏段全新世以来的古地震事件,并采用14C测年方法确定古地震的时间。结合前人通过探槽揭露的古地震时间进行综合分析,认为安丘-莒县断裂江苏段全新世以来共有3次古地震事件,时间分别为距今3 000a以来、距今约6 000a和11 000a,垂直同震位移均约1m。1668年郯城8.5级地震在安丘-莒县断裂新沂段山前出露区存在地表破裂的迹象,在隐伏区表现为大量喷砂冒水现象,在探槽揭露的晚全新世地层中有密集的裂缝和砂脉。  相似文献   

8.
内蒙大青山山前活动断裂带的地震破裂分段特征   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
沿内蒙大青山山前活动断裂进行野外调查及探槽开挖的研究结果表明 ,该断裂西部地段及东部地段的最新活动时期在全新世中期以后及全新世晚期以前 ;中部地段在全新世晚期强烈活动 ,公元 84 9年包头地震的地表破裂沿该段展布。大青山山前台地与断层陡坎分布、洪积扇类型及河流阶地断错等地貌特征、全新世晚期断裂活动范围、沿断裂带探槽开挖获得的古地震事件对比 ,以及现今中小地震震中分布表明 ,全新世晚期大青山山前断裂的活动以土左旗为界 ,该界以西全新世晚期断裂强烈活动 ,该界以东全新世晚期断裂活动不明显。全新世时期大青山山前断裂的活动显示了由东向西的迁移  相似文献   

9.
通过对色尔腾山山前断裂乌句蒙口 -东风村段的遥感资料解释、野外地质地貌考察 ,并通过对重点地段的古地震探槽开挖 ,获得了该断裂段晚更新世晚期以来的垂直位移速率是 0 88~ 1 83mm a ,全新世中期以来的垂直位移速率是 0 89mm a。通过 2个大型探槽的开挖、古地震事件分析和相关堆积物的断代研究 ,以及用逐次限定方法分析整个断层段上的古地震事件 ,认定该断裂段上全新世以来发生了 5次古地震事件 :事件 1发生在距今 90 0 0± 130 0年 ,事件2发生在距今 6 5 0 0± 5 0 0年 ,事件 3发生在距今 5 5 70年左右 ,事件 4发生在距今 4 2 0 0± 30 0年 ,事件 5发生在距今 32 5 0± 2 5 0年。晚更新世晚期到距今 1万年之间 ,古地震事件很不完整。全新世以来的 5次古地震事件表现出一定的丛集特征。最早的一丛事件发生在距今 890 0年左右 ,第2丛发生在距今 6 5 0 0~ 5 70 0年之间 ,第 3丛事件发生在距今 32 5 0~ 4 2 0 0年之间。第 1丛与第 2丛古地震事件之间间隔为 2 4 0 0年左右 ,而第 2丛与第 3丛古地震事件之间仅间隔 15 70年左右。距今 32 5 0年以来 ,该断裂段上还没有发生过错断地表的地震事件 ,已经超出了古地震丛之间的重复间隔。因此 ,它是色尔腾山前活动断裂带上具备潜在危险的一个活动断裂段。  相似文献   

10.
安丘-莒县断裂是郯庐断裂带内活动时代最新、地表形迹最明显、地震危险性最大的断裂,也是1668年郯城M8 1/2地震的发震断层。前人对郯城地震的地表破裂向S终止的位置存在多种观点,对该断裂江苏段的全新世活动情况也存在较大争议。文中通过在重岗山西侧和宿迁合欢路北侧开展的探槽开挖工作,发现了该断裂全新世活动的新证据,并对其最新活动时间进行了探讨。重岗山西侧后陈村探槽和宿迁合欢路北侧探槽都表明安丘-莒县断裂江苏段在全新世有过明显活动,推测最新一次古地震事件的发生时间为(4. 853±0. 012)~(2. 92±0. 3) ka BP。最新活动性质以走滑逆冲为主,剖面上获得的最大断错量为1m。未发现1668年郯城M81/2地震的地表破裂带到达江苏段的明确证据。  相似文献   

11.
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.  相似文献   

12.
The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.  相似文献   

13.
陈伯舫 《华南地震》2004,24(4):8-10
综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。  相似文献   

14.
The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.  相似文献   

15.
As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 3 Poise  相似文献   

16.
本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.  相似文献   

17.
On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.  相似文献   

18.
地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。  相似文献   

19.
2013年2月6-8日圣克鲁斯群岛发生6次强震,琼中地震台的重力仪记录都有同震响应出现。本文从重力仪记录的面波的延迟时间、最大变形幅度、同震持续时间3个方面研究了6次强震的同震响应特征。  相似文献   

20.
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号