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1.
太湖风生流的三维数值模拟 总被引：16，自引：14，他引：16
建立了太湖三维风生流数值模型,并用差分法求解;垂直方向上采用了坐标变换技术,把任一节点的水深转换成无量纲水深,从而有效地消除了因风力作用造成的自由水面波动和湖底不规则的影响;水平面上采用锯齿网格处理,对于四周以闭边界为主的湖泊水域,显得比较合理。计算结果表明,湖泊风生流沿垂直、水平方向都有较大变化,流向上下、水平也并不一致,这是湖泊水流区别于其它水域水流之所在。计算模拟显示所建模型的有效性和可操作性。 相似文献
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利用太湖区域的大气边界层三维数值模式和三维水动力学数值模式。采用气－水耦合方法，对太湖的风生流特征进行了深入研究。结果表明，太湖区域大气边界层风场具有明显的时空变化特征，与均匀定常风作用下的太湖流场相比，大气－水耦合模式下太湖流场变化较大，形成稳定湖流场所需的时间也较长。三维模式计算出的流速值明显比二维模式大（表层约大一倍，整层平均约大５０％），且与实际观测值符合较好。故即使对于橡太湖这样的浅水湖 相似文献
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大气-水耦合模式下三维太湖湖流场研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
利用太湖区域的大气边界层三维数值模式和三维水动力学数值模式,采用气-水耦合方法,对太湖的风生流特征进行了深入研究。结果表明,太湖区域大气边界层风场具有明显的时空变化特征,与均匀定常风作用下的太湖流场相比,大气-水耦合模式下太湖流场变化较大,形成稳定湖流场所需的时间也较长。三维模式计算出的流速值明显比二维模式大(表层约大一倍,整层平均约大50％),且与实际观测值符合较好。故即使对于像太湖这样的浅水湖泊,三维水动力学模式的应用仍然是很必要的。模拟结果中还发现湖流的上下流矢有时出现非常大的切变,甚至达到了180°。由于浅水湖中仍存在两个边界层(水-气和水-土),故浅水湖中存在流矢的巨大切变是可能的。 相似文献
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太湖水动力学三维数值试验研究——4.保守物质输移扩散 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
物质输移扩散规律是大型浅水湖泊水质变化机理研究的重要内容，对湖泊水环境的管理具有重要的现实意义，本文在太湖湖流三维模型研究成果的基础上，创建了太湖保守物质输移扩散三维数值模型，并用之模拟了1997年冬季1～2月太湖总磷含量的变化，计算结果表明，模型计算值与观测值吻合，本文所建的保守物质输移扩散模型，可用于冬季太湖营养盐含量时空变化的计算。 相似文献
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深入认识大型湖泊在不同风速、风向和水位下三维风生流结构特征对于湖泊污染控制、生态恢复及资源的开发利用具有重要意义.本文在构建笛卡尔坐标系下洪泽湖三维水动力模型的基础上,利用2次全湖30个点位流场监测数据验证了模型精度.基于1975-2020年长系列风场观测数据,确定了洪泽湖典型风速风向.在此基础上,模拟了16种不同风向,13种不同风速和20种不同水位工况条件下洪泽湖三维风生流结构.结果表明：水动力模型可以较好地刻画洪泽湖三维湖流变化特征.洪泽湖风生流结构随风向变化呈现出较大空间差异.风生流流速随着风速的升高呈加速上升趋势,其中表层水体流速上升幅度远高于其他水层.在2.4 m/s东风驱动下,溧河洼、成子湖和南部湖区垂向平均流速随着水位上升呈先升高后降低的趋势,3个湖区分别在12.7、12.4和12.2 m水位下流速达到最大值. 相似文献
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利用数值模拟与含水层垂向应力反演的方法，对降雨与河流荷载作用下静乐井区应力进行定量计算，并从区域应力场与同一构造区其他前兆测项变化特征对2种方法计算结果进行分析。数值模拟结果显示，降雨与河流荷载的共同作用使静乐井所在区域产生的最大垂向位移约为0.7mm，最大垂向应力约为30hPa；同时段静乐井-含水层垂向应力反演结果显示静乐井-含水层最大垂向应力约为79hPa；数值模拟与静乐井-含水层垂向应力反演结果均表明，静乐井水位高值异常与同时段降雨量增多、河流荷载效应增强关系密切，但2种结果存在一定差异。通过可反映井区应力场变化特征的山西地震带3级地震缺震和b值、穿过静乐井的GPS基线、地震矩释放、同一构造单元同时段其他前兆测项与静乐井水位高值异常对比等分析结果可知，2017年静乐井水位高值异常期间井区应力场存在显著异常，推测静乐井水位高值异常除受降雨与河流荷载作用的影响外，也可能受构造活动增强的影响。 相似文献
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Alan M. Davies 《Continental Shelf Research》1982,2(4):275-300
A numerical formulation is developed to solve the three-dimensional hydrodynamic equations which describe flow in a stratified sea.Arbitrary continuous physically realistic variations of density and eddy viscosity can be included in the model, which is sufficiently flexible to be applicable to sea areas of any horizontal extent and depth. A continuous current profile from sea surface to sea bed, is computed with the model. A method for expanding computed current profiles in terms of vertical modes is proposed and the contribution of these modes to the current profiles is considered.The time variation of the wind-induced circulation of a stratified lake in response to a suddenly imposed and maintained wind stress is examined. Calculations show that the wind-driven surface current is modulated by the internal seiche motion of the lake. 相似文献
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Ocean Dynamics - The 3D Lagrangian residual velocity (LRV) is solved analytically in a narrow bay employing a vertically varying eddy viscosity coefficient. The nondimensional vertical profile of... 相似文献
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Alan M. Davies 《Continental Shelf Research》1985,4(4):389-423
A three-dimensional numerical sea model is formulated in terms of sigma coordinates in the vertical. The vertical grid spacing in the model is arbitrary and can be refined to give enhanced resolution in high shear regions (e.g., close to the sea surface in wind-driven flows, and/or across the thermocline in stratified flows). A method of accurately determining surface currents and indicating how fine a grid is required in the surface layer is described.The problem of determining a suitable formulation of vertical eddy viscosity to use in a model of wind-induced flow in a tidal sea is considered in detail. A formulation in which surface eddy viscosity depends upon the roughness of the sea surface and the transfer of momentum to depth by surface waves appears reasonable. Below the surface layer turbulence is related to the current at depth.Idealized calculations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the sigma coordinate model. Results of these calculations indicate that the formulation of eddy viscosity developed in this paper can explain the high surface shears reported in lake measurements of wind-induced surface currents, and the lack of shear under strong wind conditions in the open sea (GORDON, 1982, Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 1939–1951).Surface current to surface wind ratio are also computed. 相似文献
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《Advances in water resources》2003,26(3):277-294
Two subgrid-scale modeling techniques––Smagorinsky’s postulation for the horizontal eddy viscosity and the Mellor–Yamada level-2 model for the vertical eddy viscosity––are applied as turbulence closure conditions to numerical simulations of resolved-scale baroclinic lake circulations. The use of the total variation diminishing (TVD) technique in the numerical treatment of the advection terms in the governing equations depresses numerical diffusion to an acceptably low level and makes stable numerical performances possible with small eddy viscosities resulting from the turbulence closure parameterizations. The results show that, with regard to the effect of an external wind stress, the vertical turbulent mixing is mainly restricted to the topmost epilimnion with the order of magnitude for the vertical eddy viscosity of 10−3 m2 s−1, whilst the horizontal turbulent mixing may reach a somewhat deeper zone with an order of magnitude for the horizontal eddy viscosity of 0.1–1 m2 s−1. Their spatial and temporal variations and influences on numerical results are significant. A comparison with prescribed constant eddy viscosities clearly shows the importance of subgrid-scale closures on resolved-scale flows in the lake circulation simulation. A predetermination of the eddy viscosities is inappropriate and should be abandoned. Their values must be determined by suitable subgrid-scale closure techniques. 相似文献
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A model of the wave and current boundary‐layer structure was developed using the k–ε turbulent closure model. The finite‐difference method was used to solve the governing equations. Vertical logarithmic grids and equal time steps were adopted. The following modelled simulations were obtained: (1) vertical profiles of wave velocity amplitude, eddy viscosity coefficient and turbulent kinetic energy with waves only; (2) vertical profiles of wave velocity amplitude, mean current velocity, eddy viscosity coefficient and turbulent kinetic energy with waves having a following current. To test the validity and the rationality of the present model, vertical profiles of modelled wave velocity amplitude and mean velocity were compared with corresponding experimental results available in the literature. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Several field studies in bays and estuaries have revealed pronounced subsurface maxima in the vertical profiles of the current amplitude of the principal tidal harmonic, or of its vertical shear, over the water column. To gain fundamental understanding about these phenomena, a semi-analytical model is designed and analysed, with focus on the sensitivity of the vertical structure of the tidal current amplitude to formulations of the vertical shape of the eddy viscosity. The new analytical solutions for the tidal current amplitude are used to explore their dependence on the degree of surface mixing, the vertical shape of eddy viscosity in the upper part of the water column and the density stratification. Sources of surface mixing are wind and whitecapping. Results show three types of current amplitude profiles of tidal harmonics, characterised by monotonically decreasing shear towards the surface, “surface jumps” (vertical shear of tidal current amplitude has a subsurface maximum) and “subsurface jets” (maximum tidal current amplitude below the surface), respectively. The “surface jumps” and “subsurface jets” both occur for low turbulence near the surface, whilst additionally the surface jumps only occur if the eddy viscosity in the upper part of the water column decreases faster than linearly to the surface. Furthermore, “surface jumps” take place for low density stratification, while and “subsurface jets” occur for high density stratification. The physics causing the presence of surface jumps and subsurface jets is also discussed. 相似文献
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Gunnar Furnes 《Continental Shelf Research》1982,2(4):231-241
The solution of the three-dimensional linear hydrodynamic equations which describe wind-driven flow in a homogeneous sea are solved using the eigenfunction method. The eddy viscosity is taken to vary piecewise linearly in the vertical over an arbitrary number of layers. Using this formulation the eigenfunctions are given in terms of Bessel functions. The coefficients of integration as well as the eigenvalues are determined accurately such that the boundary conditions are satisfied. Values of the eigenfunctions at any depth can then be determined very fast and to a high degree of accuracy.Current profiles at any position can hence be computed accurately. The expansion of the horizontal component of current converges very fast at all depths. 相似文献
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The classical Ekman theory tells us that the ocean surface current turns to the right(left) side of wind direction with 45° in the north(south) hemisphere,but the observation and research results show that the surface current deflexion angle is smaller than 45° in the Arctic and high latitude areas while larger than 45° in the low latitude areas.In order to explain these phenomena,a series of idealized numerical experiments are designed to investigate the influence of vertical viscosity coefficients with different vertical distribution characteristics on the classical and steady Ekman spiral structure.Results show that when the vertical viscosity coefficient decreases with water depth,the surface current deflexion angle is larger than 45°,whereas the angle is smaller than 45° when the vertical viscosity coefficient increases with water depth.So the different observed surface current deflexion angles in low latitude sea areas and the Arctic regions should be attributed to the different vertical distribution characteristics of vertical viscosity coefficients in the upper ocean.The flatness of the Ekman spiral is not equal to one and does not show regular behaviors for the numerical experiments with different distribution of vertical viscosity.However,the magnitudes and directions of volume transport of Ekman spirals are almost the same as the results of classical Ekman theory,i.e.,vertical viscosity coefficient distributions have no effect on the magnitudes and directions of volume transport. 相似文献
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An analysis of the mechanism of flow in ice-covered rivers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zygmunt Meyer 《Acta Geophysica》2010,58(2):337-355
The paper presents a mechanism of flow of water in an ice-covered river in the case of movable bottom. The analysis is based
upon the principal hydrodynamics equations of turbulent flow in the case of steady uniform motion. It leads to the conclusion
of linear distribution of the turbulent shear stress with depth. It allows to obtain the vertical distribution of velocity
of flowing water under the assumption that at the boundaries (movable bottom and ice) the viscosity of water is greater than
the kinematics viscosity. The relations describing the vertical distribution of velocity of flowing water, as well as the
eddy viscosity coefficient under these conditions, are given. 相似文献