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对汶川地震中极震区的现场震害调查资料进行了统计分析,分析了钢筋混凝土框架结构、砖混结构、底框架结构3种结构形式的破坏特征和受损原因。分析表明,经抗震设防的房屋震害明显低于未经抗震设防的房屋,实现了预期的抗震设防目标;在经抗震设计的房屋中,钢筋混凝土框架结构的表现是最好的,其次是砖混结构,表现最差的是底框架结构。 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of an experimental work in order to evaluate the performance of a novel proposed retrofitting technique on a typical dome‐roof adobe building by shaking table tests. For this purpose, two specimens, scaled 2:3, were subjected to a total of nine shaking table tests. The unretrofitted specimen, constructed by common practice, is designed to evaluate seismic performance and vulnerability of dome‐roof adobe houses. The retrofitted specimen, exactly duplicating the first specimen, is retrofitted based on the results obtained from unretrofitted specimen tests, and the improvement in seismic behavior of the structure is investigated. Zarand earthquake (2005) Chatrood Station is selected as the input ground motion that was applied consecutively at 25, 100, 125, 150 and 175% of the design‐level excitation. At 125% excitation level, the roof of the unretofitted specimen collapsed due to the walls' out‐of‐plane action and imbalanced forces. The retrofitting elements consist of eight horizontal steel rods drilled into the walls, passed through the specimen and bolted on the opposite wall surfaces. To improve walls in‐plane seismic performance, welded steel mesh without using mortar, covered less than half area of walls on the external face of the walls, is used. In addition to strain gauges for recording steel rod responses, several instrumentations including acceleration and displacement transducers are implemented to capture response time histories of different parts of the specimens. The corresponding full‐scaled retrofitted prototype tolerated peak acceleration of 0.62 g almost without any serious damage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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2021年5月22日,青海省果洛藏族自治州玛多县发生M_S7.4地震。以青海省地震局玛多地震烈度调查为基础,着重分析6个重点地区的房屋震害及极震区桥梁道路的破坏情况。此次地震震级高、伤亡轻,仅造成震中附近个别土木结构、砖木结构房屋出现倒塌破坏,部分砖混及框架结构出现楼梯间及填充墙开裂的现象,多数房屋基本完好;调查中还发现野马滩一号、二号大桥以及昌马河大桥均出现不同程度的倒塌损毁,这也为烈度图的划分提供了数据支持;最后对此次地震产生的次生地质灾害进行统计分析,并对灾后重建和抗震设防提出意见及建议。 相似文献
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大理地区乡镇一带存在大量内部由榫卯结构相连接的穿斗式木结构,外部则是用土坯或夯土的方式修筑外墙。漾濞6.4级地震中只有少量震中附近的穿斗式木结构房屋有倒塌或局部倒塌现象,但是大部分穿斗式木结构房屋由于选材不当、落后的施工工艺流程和年久失修等问题,遭受到了不同程度震害,随着烈度的提高受损越严重。通过对现场调查发现:大理地区的农村民居加固主要是针对木构架节点及木构架抗侧力的加固,墙体、屋顶以及老旧木构件的处理往往被忽视。基于对大理地区穿斗式木结构的破坏机理,给出了和对现有房屋加固修复的措施建议,对使用穿斗木结构地区的房屋震害预防具有参考价值。 相似文献
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2017年5月11日新疆塔什库尔干5.5级地震给震区建筑结构造成了不同程度破坏。选择震区钢筋混凝土（RC）框架结构、砖混结构以及土石木结构等3类典型建筑结构,介绍了各类建筑结构地震破坏特点,分析了震害特征与破坏机理。结果表明:RC框架结构在地震中表现出了优异的抗震性能,即使在震中区,破坏也仅仅表现为非结构性破坏,如填充墙开裂和吊顶脱落等;砖混结构绝大多数抗震性能优良,仅震中区的少数建筑物发生了承重墙墙体开裂情况;土石木结构房屋抗震性能最差,地震破坏最为严重,是导致该次地震人员伤亡主要原因。建议地震高烈度设防区房屋建筑应采用抗震性能较好的RC框架结构和砖混结构,而抗震性能差的土石木建筑房屋应尽量避免继续建设和使用。结果可供类似地区房屋建设和建筑结构抗震设计等工作参考。 相似文献
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The damage to the masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings in Charikot, the capital city of Dolakha district in Nepal, during the 2015 April-to-May Nepal earthquake sequence is reported. Most of these buildings were built by the owners with little governmental inspections regarding their structural design or constructional quality. Although they generally performed better than other structural systems such as stone-masonry houses, the RC frames sustained extensive damage ranging from cracking of infill to complete collapse. In particular, eight of the 72 inspected RC frames alongside an uphill street collapsed in different ways. In addition to the un-engineered nature of these RC frames, their collapse could also be attributed to multiple technical reasons including the effect of terrain, the pounding between adjacent buildings and the accumulative damage in the earthquake sequence. 相似文献
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Introduction The ground motion is generally estimated by attenuation relation in seismic hazard assesment.The attenuation relation is usually the function of earthquake magnitude and distance.Actually the focal mechanism and other source parameters may also have significant impacts on the ground motion,especially in the near-source region.Recent post-earthquake investigations show that the damages have close relation with the closest fault-plane distance.On August16,2003,a MS=5.9earthquake o… 相似文献
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青海玛多7.4级地震发生后,本文作者随科考队开展了典型工程的震害调查。本文报道了黄河乡江旁村和昌马河工区这2个典型调查点的建筑震害情况。调查表明:邻近微观震中的黄河乡建筑震害程度相对较轻,主要表现为部分房屋落瓦,砖混结构少数承重墙及框架结构部分隔墙开裂,土木结构房屋部分严重破坏,部分围墙倒塌;而距微观震中以东85 km的昌马河工区建筑震害则相对较重:无抗震措施的砖木结构房屋全部严重破坏或倒塌,具备合理抗震措施的砖混结构基本完好或轻微破坏,在建轻钢厂房均钢柱倾斜、维护墙明显开裂并且围墙多数倒塌。调查分析表明:造成两地震害差异的主要原因为抗震措施差异以及地表破裂和砂土液化影响:黄河乡多数房屋具备合理抗震措施,昌马河工区多数民居缺少抗震措施;昌马河工区附近发现疑似地表破裂痕迹,而紧邻黄河乡的河岸发现砂土液化迹象。这表明昌马河工区的地震作用中类似近场的高频能量可能较多,而黄河乡地区则因砂土液化使得高频地震动作用有所降低,由此造成两地震害程度与震中距呈现反差关系。 相似文献
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2021年5月21日云南省漾濞县发生密集强烈地震,震中区大量农房受损。本文先是根据部分台站强震动观测记录对地震动特性进行分析;然后归纳了震中8度区内各种结构类型农房的建筑结构特点;最后在对各类房屋震害现象进行实地踏勘的基础上,分析房屋的震害特征及震害原因。结果表明:当地大量采用的"三间四榀"传统木结构土墙围护住宅墙体破坏严重,经农危改加固的房屋木结构体系基本完整,未加固房屋的木构架有歪斜和节点拔榫现象;生产用房中单层砖木结构房屋震损较轻,土木结构房屋墙体严重破坏,局部坍塌,井干式房屋多数倾斜或扭转变形。 相似文献
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总结了根据应急科考震害调查资料确定的2003年8月16日内蒙古MS5.9地震的震害分布特征， 利用中国数字地震台网（CDSN）的长周期波形资料， 反演确定了该地震的地震矩张量解和震源机制解. 根据震源机制解、 余震分布和震害分布特征， 探讨了震害分布特点与震源机制的关系. 从全球强震记录、 历史地震资料和该地震的震害特点， 讨论了强地面运动的特点与震中区物理背景的关系. 调查表明， 此次地震的极震区呈东西走向， 与震源机制反演结果得到的断层走向一致. 极震区面积相对较大， 单层土木结构和砖木结构的房屋受损较严重， 可能与当地的震源物理环境有一定关系. 相似文献
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Many highway bridges were severely damaged or completely collapsed during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.A field investigation was carried out in the strongly affected areas and over 320 bridges were examined. Damage to some representative highway bridges is briefly described and a preliminary analysis of the probable causes of the damage is presented in this paper. The most common damage included shear-flexural failure of the pier columns, expansion joint failure, shear key failure, and girder sliding in the transversal or longitudinal directions due to weak connections between girder and bearings. Lessons learned from this earthquake are described and recommendations related to the design of curved and skewed bridges, design of bearings and devices to prevent girder collapse, and ductility of bridge piers are presented.Suggestions for future seismic design and retrofitting techniques for bridges in moderate to severe earthquake areas are also proposed. 相似文献
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对１９６６年３月８日和３月２２日台地震中的房屋破坏情况进行统计，计算了地震区主要房屋土坯墙房在Ⅳ～Ⅸ度中的毁坏率、严重破坏率和中等破坏率。通过Ｘ￣２检验得出，Ⅵ度和Ⅸ度区房屋毁坏率、严重破坏率和中等破坏率的分布均服从正态分布 相似文献
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2008年10月5日新疆乌恰县发生Ms6．8地震,震中烈度为Ⅷ度（境外）,我国境内最高烈度为Ⅶ度,灾区强震台网中吉根乡强震台记录水平加速度为141gal。地震存我国境内没有造成人员伤亡,未对公路、桥梁、通信、输电等生命线工程造成严重破坏,仅造成个别民宅倒塌,部分民宅、棚圈及校舍、卫生院等部分公房遭破坏。按照地震现场工作标准的原则和方法进行抽样调查、统计计算,得出本次地震在我国境内造成的直接经济损失6728．40万元,恢复重建的经费需要17872．01万元。 相似文献
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T. Rossetto D. D’Ayala F. Gori R. Persio J. Han V. Novelli S. M. Wilkinson D. Alexander M. Hill S. Stephens S. Kontoe G. Elia E. Verrucci A. Vicini W. Shelley R. Foulser-Piggott 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(1):277-305
In November 2012 EEFIT launched its first ever return mission to an earthquake affected site. The L’Aquila Earthquake site was chosen as this is a recent European event of interest to the UK and European earthquake engineering community. The main aims of this return mission were to document the earthquake recovery process and this paper presents an overview of the post-disaster emergency phase and transition to reconstruction in the Aquila area after the earthquake. It takes an earthquake engineering perspective, highlighting areas mainly of interest to the fields of structural/seismic engineering and reconstruction management. Within the paper, reference is made to published literature, but also to data collected in the field during the return mission that would not otherwise have been available. The paper presents some specific observations and lessons learned from the L’Aquila return mission. However, in light of current international efforts in conducting return missions, the paper ends with some reflections on the value that return missions can provide to the field of earthquake engineering in general, based on the EEFIT L’Aquila experience. 相似文献
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地震灾害现场调查是研究结构破坏机理的科学可靠的方法之一。本文通过对云南漾濞6.4级地震中木构架房屋震害现象调查与分析,结合芦山地震中穿斗木结构的震害特征对比研究,给出了木构架房屋的抗震能力介于穿斗木结构与土木结构之间的初步结论,同时指出建造时间是木构架房屋抗震能力评估时需考虑的重要影响因素。针对漾濞县苍山西镇花椒园村背阴坡小组某夯土墙-木构架房屋倒塌的原因进行了分析,得出该房屋存在结构层间刚度不均匀、榫槽处柱截面削弱以及榫卯节点整体性差等抗震薄弱环节,导致在强地面运动的作用下发生了柱榫槽处折断和部分榫头脱落的整体倒塌震害现象。本文基于对倒塌木构架房屋的震害机理研究和抗震薄弱环节识别,可为木结构房屋抗震加固和震后修复提供参考依据。 相似文献
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LIU Jun SHUAI Xianghu HONG Zhonghu TAN Ming ZHAO Shuo YAO Yuan ZHANG Meng LI Shijie 《中国地震研究》2020,34(2):296-306
In this paper, the tilt photography data acquisition and three-dimensional modeling of the Tashkurgan MS5.5 earthquake in Xinjiang are conducted using the tilt photography system of the Rotor UAV. The three-dimensional model is used to interpret the earthquake damage on buildings in the mega-earthquake area in order to acquire different-level house damage in the Kuzirun village disaster area. In addition, the characteristics of seismic damage on typical buildings are analyzed. The results show that the main collapsed houses in the mega-earthquake area are sand-stone buildings, of which about 39% are sand-stone buildings. Several brick-wood buildings and brick-concrete buildings are seriously damaged, while the buildings with frame structures are mainly slightly damaged, and the houses near the macro-epicenter of the earthquake are all in good conditions. Three-dimensional tilt photography technology can vividly display the scene of earthquake disaster, and can provide significant demonstration in building damage degree together with detailed analysis of disaster situation. 相似文献
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The spatial damage distribution of August 16, 2003, Inner Mongolia, China, M
S=5.9 earthquake is summarized through field investigation. The moment tensor solution and focal mechanism are inverted using
the digital long-period waveform records of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). The relation between the spatial damage
distribution and focal mechanism is analyzed according to the focal mechanism, the aftershock distribution and the spatial
damage distribution. The possible relation between the characteristics of ground motion and the tectonic background of the
source region is discussed in terms of the global ground motion records, historical earthquake documents and the damage distribution.
Investigation reveals that the meizoseismal region is in east-west direction, which is consistent with the nodal plane of
focal mechanism inversion. The meizoseismal area is relatively large and the damage of single-story adobe houses or masonry
houses is more severe. This may have relations with local seismotectonic environment.
Foundation item: The Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project (2002CB412706).
Contribution No. 05FE3009, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献