共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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应用可控震源地震勘探，当环境噪声很强，采用组合震源工作仍不能满足信噪比要求时，引入能形成定向地震波的相控震源.由相控震源定向照明地震理论分析，主波束方向上3单元相控震源产生的反射地震波信号信噪比比单震源高6.53~9.54 dB，比组合震源高1.76~4.77dB.为研究相控地震实际效果，在同一测区进行了三种震源地震对比实验.由单炮地震记录和水平叠加时间剖面可知，相控震源反射波信号信噪比明显高于单震源情况，略高于组合震源情况.进一步对反射波信号功率谱特性做定量分析，得到如下结果：与单震源情况相比，相控震源使各道反射波信号信噪比提高了0.75~8.15 dB，平均提高3.65 dB；与组合震源情况相比，各道信噪比提高了0.93~3.17 dB，平均提高2.02 dB，实验结果与理论分析吻合.综上所述可知，基于相控震源的定向照明地震技术是可行的，可以有效提高地震信号的信噪比. 相似文献
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当测区噪声很强，采用组合震源工作仍然不能得到高质量地震数据，为进一步提高地震信号的信噪比，引入能形成定向地震波的相控震源.相控震源产生的地震波方向可由延时参数控制，因此延时参数是影响相控地震效果的重要参数.理论分析表明，定向地震波技术可提高反射波信号信噪比，以含3个激震器的相控震源为例，信噪比可提高6.53~9.54 dB.针对延时参数分别为0，0.802，0.384，0.241，0.174，0.123 ms的情况，完成了野外地震实验.根据原始地震记录，得到了反射波信号功率谱，在此基础上定量地计算了不同延时参数下目标层反射信号的信噪比.结果表明，与单震源情况相比，在6种延时参数下，反射波信噪比分别提高了3.3150，8.0150，6.0547，5.0278，4.5383，4.0364 dB；与组合震源情况相比，信噪比分别提高了0，4.7000，2.7397，1.7128，1.2233，0.7214 dB.综合理论分析及野外实验结果，我们可以得到这样的结论：定向地震波技术能够提高反射波信号信噪比，延时参数变化对信噪比有很大影响，采用合理的延时参数能得到更高的信噪比. 相似文献
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当野外噪声很强,即使使用组合震源地震也无法获得满意信噪比的地震数据时,本文提出了一种基于可控震源阵列的定向照明控制方法,采用该方法可形成定向地震波.通过仿真研究合成了8激震器可控震源阵列分别采用简单组合及定向照明技术得到的单炮地震记录,可以看出采用合适的延时参数,定向照明单炮地震记录的反射波信噪比高于组合地震情况.定量的计算结果表明,实验条件下采用0.89 ms延时参数,各反射波信噪比分别提高了10.19 dB,3.23 dB和1.02 dB.由此可见,可控震源定向照明地震技术是一种提高原始地震资料信噪比的有效方法. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田气层单砂体厚度薄，非均质性强，地层反射波能量和频率衰减严重，地震资料品质不稳定，资料分辨率较低．近年来当地推进生态环保工作，对以往的炸药震源作业模式存有疑虑，制约了本区的地震勘探进程．针对这些难点，本文从基于AVO分析的观测系统设计、基于低频可控震源的“两宽一高”采集技术、基于提高资料信噪比的组合接收技术等方面进行研究．运用模型正演、反射系数能量变化相对陡度、实际资料定性与定量分析，设计了可控震源施工观测系统方案．利用驱动幅度-频率曲线设计了低频信号，针对地震采集压制谐波干扰的方法进行了分析及试验．通过检波器组合试验分析，在信噪比相对低的地区采用检波器组合接收方式，能够提高地震资料的信噪比．采用可控震源高精度地震采集技术，获得了高密度、宽方位、高品质的地震资料． 相似文献
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地震勘探中,针对目的层地震数据信噪比较低情况,为改善信噪比,本文提出一种基于接收阵列的时域地震波束形成方法(TSBBRA).该方法的理论依据是波束形成原理,文中通过对相控震源激发定向地震波场的分析,提出在反射地震勘探中,在信号接收端同样能生成定向地震波的思路.具体地,论文给出在地震数据集上先对单炮记录分组,再对组内记录时域内延时、叠加,生成对应定向地震波场的地震记录的方法.TSBBRA方法适于杂波干扰强,且杂波与目的层反射波方向不一致的地震条件.本文先通过波场模拟,展示了TSBBRA方法具有形成定向地震波场的能力;而后通过对比相控震源与TSBBBRA时间剖面,说明了TSBBRA方法的有效性;最后在吉林某油页岩矿区,用TSBBRA方法,分别针对浅层目标与深层目标,生成定向地震波数据.与原始数据相比,目标层信噪比提高了3~35 dB,在时间剖面上观测到的深部目标信号从200 ms扩展到1000 ms,TSBBRA剖面资料与测区附近区域的地质与地震资料一致.由此得出结论,TSBBRA方法有助于改善目的层地震资料信噪比,当关注深部目的层时,由于TSBBRA方法能有效压制噪声,因此可用于能够实现更大的勘探深度.实验中,我们给出了浅层勘探结果,由于本方法对震源及观测系统没有限制,实际应用中TSBBRA方法可作为深部资源勘探领域提高深部地震资料信噪比的有效方法. 相似文献
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在岩性油气藏勘探中,为了能有效地对岩性油气藏进行识别,考虑到高分辨率和高信噪比的处理会造成保真度变差,因此,采用相对保真处理方法.但是,忽略地震资料采集方式对地震处理的影响.为此,基于准噶尔盆地石东地区一条长8km的高分辨率数据采集试验测线,通过分析剖面的反射特征和频谱特征,分别对地震采集震源和观测方式对高分辨率高信噪比地震资料处理的剖面和对相对保真地震资料处理剖面进行了分析和讨论.炸药震源的处理剖面,无论单深井还是组合井剖面的目的层反射波组特征信息都比可控震源的处理剖面丰富;无论单深井还是组合井,接收道距不同,目的层反射波组纵、横向分辨率也不同.小道距(5m道距)接收,目的层反射波组纵、横向分辨率最高. 相似文献
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电磁驱动式可控震源在城市浅层地震勘探中所面临的最突出的困难是微弱的反射信号常常淹没在很强的背景噪声之中.为了提高地震记录的信噪比，可以利用多台可控震源阵列实施相位控制形成定向地震波束以增强地震波的能量.本文讨论这种相控阵震源的波束形成机制.引入了地震波场的边际能量密度的概念，利用地震波场的时间切片技术，对模型空间各个方向上的能量强度进行了定量分析.用有限差分法对相控阵震源Chirp信号扫描的地震响应进行了数值模拟.当定向地震波束的汇聚带与观测排列的空间范围相一致时，相控阵震源合成地震记录的能量强度要显著高于单个可控震源情形的能量强度，波形振幅的均匀性要明显优于常规组合激发震源情形波形振幅的均匀性. 相似文献
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包络信号含有丰富的低频分量,即使在地震数据缺失低频条件下,包络目标函数也能有效缓解全波形反演的周期跳跃现象.但是,当初始速度模型较为平滑时,观测数据中的反射地震事件在模拟数据中没有与之相对应的波形,导致包络反演初期无法很好地利用反射波信号进行速度建模.本文提出基于反射地震数据的时频域包络反演方法,通过结合反射波全波形反演理论,构建反射波时频域包络目标函数,来提高包络反演的速度建模精度.本文首先利用Gabor变换获取时频域地震数据,并提取振幅信息,即为时频域包络信号.然后,推导反射波时频域包络反演的伴随震源和梯度算子.Marmousi模型数据测试结果表明,基于反射地震数据的时频域包络反演方法可以为全波形反演提供一个较好的初始速度模型. 相似文献
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R.M. Laws D. Halliday J.-F. Hopperstad D. Gerez M. Supawala A. Özbek T. Murray E. Kragh 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(6):1443-1471
Marine seismic vibrators are generally considered to be less intrusive than airguns from an environmental perspective. This is because they emit their energy spread out in time, rather than in a single, high-intensity pulse. There are also significant geophysical benefits associated with marine vibrators, and they stem from the ability to specify in detail the output acoustic waveform. The phase can be specified independently at each frequency. Such detailed control cannot be achieved with conventional airgun sources, where the phase can only be modified using simple overall time delays. The vibrator phase can be employed in several different ways: it can be applied to the overall source phase in a sequence so that it varies from one source point to the next; it can be applied to the individual vibrators within the source array so the source directivity is changed; it can be applied to the overall source phase of each source in a simultaneous source acquisition. Carefully designed phase sequences can attenuate the residual source noise, and this in turn allows extra source points to be interleaved between the conventional ones. For these extra source points, the relative phase of the vibrators within the array can be chosen to create a transverse gradient source, which illuminates the earth predominantly in directions out of the plane of the sail line without left/right ambiguity. If seismic vibrator data are acquired using interleaved conventional and transverse gradient sweeps, more information is collected per kilometre of vessel travel than is the case in conventional acquisition. This richer data acquisition leads to the possibility of acquiring all the necessary seismic data in a shorter time. Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques are used to recover the same image quality that would have been obtained using the conventional, more time-consuming acquisition. For a marine vibrator to be suitable for these techniques it must, in general terms, have ‘high fidelity’. The precise device specifications are defined through realistic end-to-end simulations of the physical systems and the processing. The specifications are somewhat more onerous than for a conventional vibrator, but they are achievable. A prototype vibrator that satisfies these requirements has been built. In a simulated case study of a three-dimensional deep-water ocean bottom node survey, the seismic data could have been acquired using marine vibrators in one third of the time that it would have taken using airguns. 相似文献
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The output from the hydraulic vibrators typically used for land seismic surveys is controlled by monitoring the acceleration measured by accelerometers mounted on the reaction mass and baseplate. The considerable energy output by such vibrators, which are coupled with the sensitivity of the accelerometers used, results in crosstalk if more than one vibrator is being used. In this paper, we present the results of a field experiment in which we measured the crosstalk between two adjacent vibrators. We found that the level of crosstalk was approximately ‐20 dB when the vibrators were adjacent but decreased with increasing frequency and separation. This result has implications for measurements of vibrator performance, source‐signature deconvolution, and in particular, estimates of the total energy output by a fleet of vibrators. 相似文献
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Jing Liu Youcai Tang Kai Tao Chunquan Yu Jie Chen Jieyuan Ning Yongshun John Chen Yongge Feng 《地震科学（英文版）》2010,23(6):627-636
We have developed a new stacking technique in ambient noise tomography to obtain high-quality dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves.This technique is used to stack the vertical components of the Estimated Green Functions(EGFs) obtained respectively from cross correlation of the ambient noise data recorded by a remote seismic station and one of the short distance seismic stations of a seismic array.It is based on a phase-matched filter and is implemented by a four-step iterative process:signal compression,stacking,signal extraction and signal decompression.The iterative process ends and gives the dispersion curve of Rayleigh wave when the predicted one and the processing result converge.We have tested the method using the vertical components of synthetic Rayleigh wave records.Results show that this new stacking method is stable and it can improve the quality of dispersion curves.In addition,we have applied this method to real data.We see that the results given by our new technique are obviously better than the ones employing the traditional method which is a three-step process:signal compression,signal extraction and signal decompression.In conclusion,the new method proposed in this paper can improve the signal to noise ratio of EGFs,and can therefore potentially improve the resolution of ambient noise tomography. 相似文献
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地球深部结构研究是地震预报和地球动力学研究的基础，传统人工地震受到探测深度、分辨率或震源能量的环保限制，探索利用小能量震源进行深部高分辨率探测技术具有重要意义.本文借鉴雷达探测中的编码原理，开展了震源编码探测实验，利用人工震源向地下发送具有独特特征的随机编码序列脉冲，作为一次等效激发，利用准确记录的编码震源的源函数与地震连续观测的互相关进行“解码”分析，获取地下信息，形成编码地震探测技术.实验表明编码地震能够大幅度提高地震探测能力，利用小能量震源获得远距离的探测和高分辨率，是一种具有重要发展前景的人工探测技术. 相似文献
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Vibroseis productivity: shake and go 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We use both model and field data to compare three methods for increasing vibroseis productivity and decreasing acquisition costs. The first method, HFVS (high-fidelity vibratory seismic), allows us to separate the responses from individual vibrators when multiple vibrators are operating simultaneously. The data quality of the separated records is superior to that of conventional correlated data because they are processed with measured ground-force signals, but the number of sweeps must be greater than or equal to the number of vibrators. The second method, cascaded sweep, eliminates the listening time between multiple sweeps and partially mitigates harmonic noise observed at later times on near-offset traces. Finally, a combined method, continuous-HFVS (C-HFVS), allows source separation with a single, long, segmented sweep. Separation is as good as with HFVS and interference noise is limited to times near the end of a sweep-segment length. All three methods produce acceptable seismic images for post-stack and prestack amplitude interpretation.
The choice of which option to use depends upon the area being investigated. HFVS has numerous benefits, especially when fine sampling is required to mitigate static problems and elevation changes. Due to the ability to separate individual responses, fine sampling can be achieved without sacrificing productivity. For deeper targets, cascaded sweep can be more efficient but data quality suffers from harmonic noise. C-HFVS, which combines features of HFVS and cascaded sweep, has the potential to result in the highest productivity, without sacrificing either fine sampling or data quality. 相似文献
The choice of which option to use depends upon the area being investigated. HFVS has numerous benefits, especially when fine sampling is required to mitigate static problems and elevation changes. Due to the ability to separate individual responses, fine sampling can be achieved without sacrificing productivity. For deeper targets, cascaded sweep can be more efficient but data quality suffers from harmonic noise. C-HFVS, which combines features of HFVS and cascaded sweep, has the potential to result in the highest productivity, without sacrificing either fine sampling or data quality. 相似文献